高考、名词性从句、状语从句、易混点

1 名词性从句和状语从句易混点及高频考点突破名词性从句和状语从句易混点及高频考点突破 四川省 南溪一中 顾建 一 名词性从句概述一 名词性从句概述 名词性从句的功能相当于一个名词 在句中可以充当主语 宾语 表语及同位语 名词性从句包括 状语从句 宾语 从句 表语从句和同位语从句 请标明划线部分属于那种名词性从句请标明划线部分属于那种名词性从句 Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me I don t know what he means I m glad that you are here The teacher is satisfied with what you have done His suggestion is that a new road should be built across the village to help the farmers get out of poverty Hiss suggestion that s new road should be built across the village to help the farmers get out of poverty sounds reasonable The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all I really have some doubt whether her daughter can pass the entrance examination Whatever you do in this lab has nothing to do with me The police will reward whoever reports the truth behind the accident to them 二 名词性从句和状语从句中的易混点及高频考点 二 名词性从句和状语从句中的易混点及高频考点 1 that 的用法 的用法 1 在名词性从句中 that 只起到连接作用 在句子中不充当成分 She thought that she had tried her best in the attempt to pass the college entrance examination 2 名词性从句如果结构和语意完整 连接词用 that Jean said that she was going to meet her friends at the friend at the airport 3 That 引导宾语从句时可以省去 但是如果有两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句时 从第二个起 that 不能省去 That 引导其它名词性从句时 一般都不能省去 Kate believed that the terrible accident was caused by drunk driving and the driver should be severely punished 4 That 引导名词性从句还用于以下句型中 It is said reported believed thought expected important natural advised ordered suggested required necessary a pity that 其中 it 为形式主语 that 引导的主语从句被后移 We heard it that she would get married next month 其中 it 为形式宾语 that 引导的宾语从句被后移 Parents should see to it their child should have a balanced diet of rich nutrition 5 that 引导宾语从句作形容词的宾语 如 that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语 anxious aware certain confident convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry thankful ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased hurt satisfied content 等 I am afraid I ve made a mistake I am ashamed I lied to my father about the result of the mid term examination last night 注意 注意 that 在其它从句或句型中的使用在其它从句或句型中的使用 1 在定语从句中 that 指代先行词在定语从句中充当主 宾 或表语 She gave me a novel which was written by Mo Yan 2 在结果状语从句中 that 引导结结果语从句 常见结构 such that so that 2 He was so exhausted he fell asleep immediately he lay his head on the pillow He is an outstanding film star that he has played the leading roles in many films It was such terrible weather they decided to take a taxi home The weather was terrible that they decided to take a taxi home 注意 注意 so such 先行词先行词 as 引导定语从句引导定语从句 与与 such so that 引导结果状语从句的区别 引导结果状语从句的区别 These dolls are so lovely all the children love them very much 从句 These dolls are so lovely all the children love very much 从句 These are such lovely dolls all the children love them very much 从句 These are such lovely dolls all the children love very much 从句 3 so that 引导目的状语从句 常译为 以便于 为了 He raised his voice he could be heard by the audience sitting in the back rows 4 在强调句中 that 用来构成句式 that 指代被强调部分 It is was 被强调部分 that who It was in the workshop they fell in love with each other 对应练习 对应练习 1 she was brought up in an artistic family gave her an advantage over other applicants in the try out 海选 改错 gave her an advantage over other applicants in the try out she was brought up in an artistic family 2 suddenly occurred to me my mother was waiting for me at the school gate 填入适当词语 3 I m convinced diligence contributes to success 4 He is a humorous boy all his classmates like him 填入适当词语 5 He is humorous all his classmates like him 填入适当词语 6 It is advised you review you notes before you get down to your homework 7 I ve made it clear you should never bring your cell phones to the classroom during weekdays 8 surprised all of us such an awkward boy should got the first place in the competition 9 such an awkward boy should got the first place in the competition surprised all of us 10 The fact the present employment rate is still very low make the local government very concerned 11 There is no denying good preparations before a writing contest are necessary 12 I have no doubt he is the suitable person for the vacant post 13 Her advice is the patient give a overall medical examination before the operation 14 The news he was defeated in the boxing match disappointed his family 15 is known to all DNA is the fundamental component of very form of life 16 is known to all DNA is the fundamental component of every form of life 17 is known to all is DNA is the fundamental component of every form of life 18 Is there anything I can do to help you get out the present troublesome situation 19 It is Friday they left Changsha for Guangzhou 20 It is on Friday they left Changsha for Guangzhou 3 21 What is it made you so excited today 21 The scientist holds the belief we are determined by our living circumstance and education rather than genes 22 He insisted the problem solve immediately and he couldn t complete so many tasks within such a short period of time 2 what whatever which whichever who whoever how however when whenever where wherever 的用法注意事项的用法注意事项 1 what 只用于名词性从句只用于名词性从句 whatever 可以用于名词性从句和让步状语从句 注意 如果名词性从句缺主语 宾 语或表语 首选 what 或 whatever 但是 what 的意思是 的意思是 什么什么 表示疑问 而 whatever 的意思是的意思是 无论什无论什 么么 意思是不一样的 I am sure many people didn t understand he meant by saying someone is to blame for it Whatever you do matters a lot to the result of the project 划线部分为 从句 整句的谓语 是 该从句缺 do 的 语 故用 该句可以转换为一个含有让步状语从句的复合句 引导让步状语从句时 whatever no matter what 引导名词性从 句时 whatever 绝对不能换为 no matter what A you do it matters a lot to the result of the project B what you do it matters a lot to the result of the project I don t care whatever you said at the meeting but I do think you could express it in a more acceptable way 从句 you said at the meeting I do not care but I do think you could express it in a more acceptable way 方括号内为 从句 2 A who 在名词性从句中的意思是在名词性从句中的意思是 谁 谁 表示疑问 表示疑问 Do they know has taken away the money raised for the sick child 方括号内为 B whoever 在名词性从句中意思是在名词性从句中意思是 无论谁无论谁 broke the glass window must pay for it 方括号内为一个 从句 The teacher didn t know broke the glass window C whoever 还可以引导一个让步状语从句 此时相当于还可以引导一个让步状语从句 此时相当于 no matter who Whoever knows the truth of the murder should report it to the police at once knows the truth he or she should report it to the police D who 还可以引导一个定语从句 代替先行词 在定语从句中充当主 宾 或表语 还可以引导一个定语从句 代替先行词 在定语从句中充当主 宾 或表语 Around the world there are lots of people still live in poverty E who 还可以引导一个定语从句 代替先行词 在定语从句中充当主 宾 或表语 还可以引导一个定语从句 代替先行词 在定语从句中充当主 宾 或表语 It is the cleaner saved the little boy out of the big fire 3 A which 在名词性从句中的意思是在名词性从句中的意思是 哪一个 哪一些哪一个 哪一些 表示疑问 表示疑问 She didn t know is better as a birthday present a book or music Disc B which 在定语从句中代替先行词 先行词为物 或一个句子 在定语从句中代替先行词 先行词为物 或一个句子 作定语从句的主语 宾语或表语 作定语从句的主语 宾语或表语 Yesterday we enjoyed ourselves in the theme park was open to the public last month She read a wide range of literature works in her early years laid a solid foundation for her later writing career 4 C Whichever 引导名词性从句时 意思是引导名词性从句时 意思是 无论哪一个无论哪一个 哪一些哪一些 不能换为 不能换为 no matter which Whichever toy you want is yours 括号内的从句为一个 从句 D Whichever 引导让步状语从句时 等于引导让步状语从句时 等于 no matter which It doesn t matter whichever major you choose Your attitude is everything 划线部分为一个 从句 major you choose it doesn t matter Your attitude is everything 此处方括号内为 从句 4 A However no matter how 无论谁 无论谁 whenever no matter when 无论何时 无论何时 wherever no matter where 无论何地 无论何地 无论哪里 无论哪里 这三个连词只能引导让步状语从句 这三个连词只能引导让步状语从句 However the problem is complex we are determined to find a solution to it 改错 we are determined to find a solution to it 注意 however 的语序是 No matter when she meets me she smiles at me she meets me she smiles at me She used to follow after him he went where wherever B 用于名词性从句中时 用于名词性从句中时 how 怎样 如何 怎样 如何 相关搭配 相关搭配 how many much long soon often They are discussing how are they how they are going to the village do you go to see your grandparents Once a month The doctor asked the man the symptom had lasted C 名词性从句中 名词性从句中 when 的意思是的意思是 什么时候什么时候 何时何时 表示疑问 表示疑问 She didn t tell me the concert would begin when whenever The interviewer asked me from university and I told him that I forgot about it A when did I graduate B whenever I graduated C when I graduated D no matter when I graduate 在时间状语从句中 在时间状语从句中 when 的意思是的意思是 当当 的时候的时候 when 从句的谓语动词可以使延续性动词 也可以从句的谓语动词可以使延续性动词 也可以 是非延续性动词 是非延续性动词 The Blacks settled down in this village whenever when the Second World War broke out I was young I liked to sitting beside my grandfather and listened his interesting stories 在并列句中 在并列句中 when 用来连接前后两个分句 意思是用来连接前后两个分句 意思是 就在那时就在那时 常见的搭配有 be about to do when 正要做某事 就在那时另外一件事情发生了 be on the point of doing when 正要做某事 就在那时另外一件事情发生了 was were doing when 正在做某事 另外一件事情就发生了 had just done when 刚做了某事 就在那时另外一件事情就发生了 They had just run out of the building while it collapsed 垮塌 改错 The explorer 探险家 was walking through the jungle 丛林 a poisonous snake attacked him The film was about to start there was a power failure 停电 Xiangzi was on of leaving when someone knock at the gate 在定语从句中 在定语从句中 when 代替先行词 时间名词 在定语从句中充当时间状语 代替先行词 时间名词 在定语从句中充当时间状语 Most of the guests arrived at before 7 00 pm everything was ready for the party Do you still remember the days we spent together in the mountainous village I still remember the days we played happily in the pine forests I was a cold winter morning the terrible disaster took place 5 It was on a cold winter morning the terrible disaster took place D wherever no matter where 无论哪儿 不管什么地方无论哪儿 不管什么地方 只能引导一个让步状语从句 只能引导一个让步状语从句 The child followed his mother where wherever she went 有些人能够随遇而安 Some people enjoy themselves wherever where they are Wherever I live I can always hear some interesting stories I live I can always hear some interesting stories E where 引导名词性从句 意思是引导名词性从句 意思是 什么地方 哪里 哪儿 什么地方 哪里 哪儿 的地方的地方 表示疑问或场所 表示疑问或场所 I am not sure where wherever these visitors come from Mr Wang asked me A where did my parents work B where my parents work C wherever my parents worked D where my parents worked This is where wherever Mark Twin once lived when he was young 在状语从句中 在状语从句中 where 引导地点状语从句 表示主句谓语动作所发生的地方 引导地点状语从句 表示主句谓语动作所发生的地方 there is a will there is a way 有志者事竟成 Don t move Stay you are He has hidden all the treasure nobody else can find it 方括号内为 从句 Go and see where wherever the noise comes from 方括号内为 从句 The hospital was built it used to be a church 方括号内为 从句 He knew where wherever Henry Carter had gone 方括号内为 从句 They stopped and had a rest there were some tall trees and a stream 小溪 从句 在定语从句中 在定语从句中 where 代替先行词 地点名词 代替先行词 地点名词 在定语从句中充当地点状语 在定语从句中充当地点状语 I rounded a bend 拐弯处 the trees and brush grew thickly Can you think of a situation that this idiom can be used 改错 Children should be encouraged to take part in such activities they can exercise both mentally and physically Last month she went back to the small town she had always missed so much Last month she went back to the small town she was born and was brought up It was the small town she was born and was brought up It was in the small town she was born and was brought up 3 whether 和和 if 1 在名词性从句中 在名词性从句中 whether 或或 if 的意思是的意思是 是否是否 whether or 的意思是的意思是 是是 还是还是 无 无 论论 还是还是 引导宾语从句时 whether 和 if 可以互换 但是如果后面有 or 或 or not 时 只能用 whether 如果宾语从句是否定结构 则用 if 而不用 whether 引导 介词宾语从句只能用 whether 引导 引导主语从句 表语从句或同位语从句一般多用 whether 用 it 作形式主语时 whether 或 if 都可以引导主语从句 1 I don t know or not he can stay here longer 2 He asked me I wasn t going there 3 I m not interested in he is rich 括号内为 从句 6 4 The question is you can do it yourself 括号内为 从句 5 It is not clear to me he likes the present 括号内为 从句 6 it will do us harm or good remains to be seen 括号内为 从句 7 The question whether if he will come here himself isn t decided yet 从句 8 The student asked me the question that the book was worth reading 改错 2 注意 注意 doubt 之后的连词处理 如果之后的连词处理 如果 doubt 是动词 其后接的是宾语从句 如果是动词 其后接的是宾语从句 如果 doubt 是名词 其后接的是是名词 其后接的是 同同 位语从句 无论位语从句 无论 doubt 是动词还是名词 如果用于肯定句中 是动词还是名词 如果用于肯定句中 doubt 后接后接 whether 如果如果 doubt 用于用于 否定句或疑问句中 后面一般接否定句或疑问句中 后面一般接 that Others doubted the tsunami would happen again Few in Westminster doubt the government will win the day There can be little doubt he will offend again Do they still doubt the project can be carried out as planned I do not have the least doubt the newly elected present will live up to his people s expectations 3 在状语从句中 在状语从句中 if 引导一个条件状语从句 意思是引导一个条件状语从句 意思是 如果 假如如果 假如 He phoned Laura to see she was better 括号内为 从句 I wonder I might have a word with Mr Abbot 括号内为 从句 We could have caught the first train we had started earlier 括号内为 从句 anyone calls tell them I m not at home 括号内为 从句 4 关于关于 why 1 在名词性从句中 在名词性从句中 why 的意思是的意思是 为什么 为什么 的原因的原因 表示疑问或对应原因 表示疑问或对应原因 2 在定语从句中 在定语从句中 why 代替先行词代替先行词 reason 在定语从句中作原因状语 在定语从句中作原因状语 我不明白他为何用这种烂事来烦我 I don t know he bothers me with this kind of rubbish 括号内为 从句 女人不读这种东西是有原因的 它并不好笑 There s a reason women don t read this stuff it s not funny 括号内为 从句 I wonder she is not satisfied with our work but we think we ve tried our best 括号内为 从句 他为何成为社会党人的确切原因实际上还不清楚 is really not clear just he became a Socialist 括号内为 从句 那就是为什么我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因 That s I must trust you to keep this secret 括号内为 从句 The reason the boy always feels sleepy in class is he stays up late playing online games every night 从句 从句 5 定语从句与同位语从句的区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制 而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名定语从句与同位语从句的区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制 而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名 词作进一步的说明和解释 词作进一步的说明和解释 The news our team has won the game was true 从句 The news he told me yesterday was true 从句 I made a promise if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich 从句 The mother made a promise pleased all her children 从句 6 关于关于 as 1 as 可以引导一个方式状语从句 意思是可以引导一个方式状语从句 意思是 照着照着 像 像 注意不能换为 注意不能换为 like 介词介词 其它的引导方式状 其它的引导方式状 7 语从句的连词还有 语从句的连词还有 as if as though 似乎似乎 好像好像 Do in Rome the Romans do 入乡随俗 Leave things 让一切顺其自然 Please do you 请按照人家告诉你做的去做 也可说 Please do as told Balloons float in the air just boats on the sea 气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样 他兴奋地和我们交谈就好像他在演讲赛中获得了一等奖一样 He talked to us very excited he had won the first prize in the speech contest yesterday 公司对待我的态度就好像是我上班时溜号了似的 The company treated me I were skiving 2 as 可以引导一个比较状语从句 可以引导一个比较状语从句 肯定式肯定式 as as the same as 否定式否定式 not as so as not the same as The result was not as so good I had expected Our country is so big as the whole of Europe 改错 She works in the same building that my sister 改错 The weather of this year is not the same that of the past years 改错 3 as 可以引导一个倒装结构的让步状语从句 可以引导一个倒装结构的让步状语从句 结构 形容词结构 形容词 不带冠词不带冠词 名词名词 副词副词 动词动词 as though 主主 其它 其它 主句主句 Though the musician is talented he is very modest 改为倒装句 though the musician is he is very modest Although he is a little child he knows how to deal with such problems though he is he knows how to deal with such problems 注意 倒装结构中不用 although 4 as 可以引导一个时间状语从句 多强调主从句的动作同时发生 意思是可以引导一个时间状语从句 多强调主从句的动作同时发生 意思是 当当 的时候 的时候 一边一边 一边一边 I saw Jim when he left the meeting room He looked behind from time to time he went 一边一边 一边一边 time goes on it s getting warmer and warmer 表示伴随表示伴随 time going on it s getting warmer and warmer 5 as 可以引导一个原因状语从句 常置于句首 主句之前 可以引导一个原因状语从句 常置于句首 主句之前 意思是 意思是 由于由于 说话的重点在主句 说话的重点在主句 you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else 6 as 可以引导一个非限制性定语从句 代替整个主句的内容在定语从句中作主 宾 表可以引导一个非限制性定语从句 代替整个主句的内容在定语从句中作主 宾 表 意思是意思是 正如正如 We were sitting I remember in a riverside restaurant 此处 不能用 which 需要 正如 you can see we are still busy doing our research work Which is reported in yesterday s newspaper the peace talk between the two side ended without result 改错 7 as 可以作介词 意思是可以作介词 意思是 当作 作为当作 作为 You can use that glass a vase She works a courier He is considered like our best friend 改错 7 as 可以作副词 常用于比较状语从句中 表示同样的程度 可以作副词 常用于比较状语从句中 表示同样的程度 You re as tall as your father 程度副词 连词 如同 和 一样 8 7 关注关注 表示表示 一一 就就 的引导时间状语从句的连词的引导时间状语从句的连词 1 as soon as Peter starts looking through the mail as soon as the door shut 2 the moment the minute instant 这组时间名词常常作连词 引导时间状语从句这组时间名词常常作连词 引导时间状语从句 功能相当于功能相当于 as soon as I ll report back I have located him A for the moment B the moment C at the moment D in a moment 3 directly immediately instantly 作连词 引导时间状语从句 功能相当于作连词 引导时间状语从句 功能相当于 as soon as she d gone I remembered her name A At once B Right now C In no time D Immediately 4 No sooner had than 倒装结构 表示 一 就 had he arrived in Rome than he was kidnapped 他刚到罗马就遭到了绑架 5 hardly had when 倒装结构 表示 一 就 Hardly had I finished telling the news she began to cry 我还没有把消息讲完她就哭了起来 8 关注对关注对 unless 引导条件状语从句的考查 引导条件状语从句的考查 一般判断判断究竟用 if 还是 unless 可以使用试探的方式 unless 要翻译为 从句 除非 主句 否 则 将其汉语意思带进去试探 看主从句的语义逻辑是否矛盾 1 you prepare for it in advance you can hardly pass the entrance examination 2 I will never attend her wedding party I am not invited 3 I will never attend her wedding party invited 4 not treated properly the situation will get out of control 5 treated properly the situation will probably worsen 9 关注对状语从句的省略的考查 关注对状语从句的省略的考查 状语从句的省略 一般如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致 状语从句的谓语含有 be 动词 此时 状语从句的 主语和 be 动词均可省去 结构 连词连词 if unless when while until till once 现分现分 过分过分 形容词形容词 主句主句 1 连词 形容词 Whenever she is free she often goes shopping 她有空就去逛商店 Work hard when you are young or you ll regret 少壮不努力 老大徒伤悲 She hurried out of the room as if she was angry 2 连词 名词 While he was a young boy he was always ready to help others 他在孩提时代就乐于助人 He could write poems when he was yet a child 3 连词 现在分词 While she was walking along the river bank she was singing a pop song 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲 The boy is running impatiently here and there as if he is searching for something lost on the sports ground 这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西 4 连词 过去分词 If it is well read the book will give you much to think 9 Unless they were asked to answer questions the students were not supposed to talk in Prof Li s class 5 连词 不定式 I He stood up as if he were to say something 当时他站起来好像要说什么 He wouldn t solve the problem even if he were to take charge 即使他来负责 他也解决不了这个问题 6 连词 介词短语 She looked anxious as though she was in trouble 她看上去很焦急 好像遇到了麻烦 He looked everywhere as if he was in search of something 他到处看似乎在找什么东西 He came across the picture while he was on a visit to New York 10 关注对关注对 not until 相关句式的考查 相关句式的考查 直到汽车已经开走 那个女的才意识到她把手机忘在了车上 The woman realize that she had left her cell phone on the bus until it pulled away 转换为强调句 the bus pulled away the woman realized