2011年高考英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测 Unit 2 News media 人教版大纲第二册

用心 爱心 专心 1 第二册第二册 UnitUnit 2 2 NewsNews mediamedia I I 单元知识点全览 单元知识点全览 工欲善其事工欲善其事 必先利其器必先利其器 高考须掌握的词汇 1 dIfficull 2 reasonabIe 3 election 4 relation 5 interview 6 spirit 7 addiction 8 society 9 ignorance10 tolerance 11 concerned 12 retirement 13 completely 14 boring bored 15 disappointed disappointing disappointment 16 PoUute 高考须掌握的短语 1 up 2 down 3 relate to 4 to 5 for 6 to 7 if 8 to 9 on 10 change 11 up 12 in 考点过关 考点过关 过关斩将过关斩将 一马平川一马平川 考点详解考点详解 精剖细解精剖细解 入巿三分入巿三分 一 重点词汇一 重点词汇 1 difficnity n 困难 难事 eg I don t have much diffilCUlty with English grammar 我对英语语法没有多大困难 There was little difficulty in finding his house 几乎没有困难就找到了他的家 相关链接 diffjcult adj 困难的 相法拓展 have some mueh a lot of plenty of little no difficulty in doing sth 做某事有很多 几乎没 没有困难 There s some lots of plenty of little no difficulty in doing sth 在做某事上有 很多 几乎没 没有困难 have some a lot of little no d fficulty with sth 在某方 面有很多 几乎没 没有困难 with difficulty 困难地 费事地 吃力地 withOUt difficulty 不费事地 轻易地特别 提鼍 difficulty 当 困难 难事 讲时 通常用作不可数名词 也可用 trouble 来代替 强调 干某事 时用 in doing sth in 可以省略 强调 在某方面 用 with sth difficulties 强调 各种困难 案例剖析案例剖析 旁征博引旁征博引 举一反三举一反三 考题 1 典型例题 分 The firemen told us the difficulty they had the fire A to get under control B getting controlled C got controlled D getting to control 考题 1 点拨 答案为 B 此题解答关键要看出 the difficulty 作 they had 的宾语 符 合 have difficulty n doing 这一句型 句意为 消防人员告诉了我们他们有多难才 控制住火灾 2 attention n 注意 专心 留心 eg His cry drew our attention to the running car 他的喊叫把我们的注意力吸引到那辆行驶的汽车上 He is listening with attention 他正专心地听着 相关链接 attentive adj 注意的 关心的 attentively adv 注意地 专注地 inattentive adj 不注意的 漫不经心的用法拓展 draw catch attract one s attention to 一把注意力吸引到 上来 pay attention to 注意 devote one s attention to 专心于 用心 爱心 专心 2 call attention to 唤醒对 注意 turn attention to 将注意力转向 fix focus one s attention on upon 将注意力集中于 bring sth to one s attention 吸引某人注意某事 考题 2 典型例题 1 分 Much I think should be paid to your English study so thai you can pass the exami nation successfully A influence B heart C approach D attention 考题 2 点拨 爷案为 D 解此题关键将被动向改为主动句 考查 pay attention to 这一 固定搭配 句意为 我认为你更应该重视你的英语学习 只有这样你才能成功通过考试 3 relate vt 有关 涉及 eg They are related to each other 他们彼此之间有亲戚关系 I can t reIate what he does to what he says 我没法将他做的和说的联系起来 相关链接 related adj 有联系的 相关的 有亲戚关系的 relation n 关系 联系 relationship n 亲戚关系 关系 reIative adj 相关的 相对的 n 亲戚 亲属用法 拓展 relate to 把 与 联系起来 be related to 与 有关系 relate to 涉 及 特别提醒 relation 和 relative 都有 亲戚或亲属 之意 两者可通用 但 relative 更常用些 relate to 常用作被动语态 be related to 考题 3 典型例题分 The word moon is an ancient word month A joined with B joined to C relating to D related to 专题 3 点拨 答案为 D 此题考查 be related to 与 有关系 句意为 moon 这个单词是个古代的词 它与单词 month 有联系 4 inform vt 通知 告知 eg He informed tham of his arrival 他通知他们他 到了 The secretary informed the manager that the meeting had been put off 秘 书通知经理会议已经推迟了 相关链接 informed adj 见多识广的 information n 消息 通知用法拓展 inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 inforna sb that 告知某人 inform sb 疑问 词十不定式 通知某人 be inform ed that 被告知 特别提醒 inform 后不能接 双宾语 必须接 inform sb of sth 类似的动词有 rob retaind cheat warn sb of sth 考题 4 典型例题 1 分 All the passengers of the flight which was put off because of heavy fog A were told B were warned C were informed D were noticed 考题 4 点拨 答案为 c 解此题关键明确 of the flight 四个答案中只有 B c 两项可 以和 of sth 连用 但 warn sb of sth 与题意不符 句意为 所有乘客都被告知 由 于大雾 航班被推迟 5 concern vt 关系到 关于 使担心 关心 eg This meeting mostly concemed trade and agficulture 这次会议主要与农业和贸易 有关 I m not concerned about that matter any longer 我再也不担心那件事了 相关链接 concern n 关怀 关心 U C 关心的事 c concerned adj 关心的 挂念的 concerning prep 关于用法拓展 concern oneself 用心 爱心 专心 3 with about be concerned about with sth 担心 关心某事 show express one s concern about 对 表示关心 担心 so as far as is concerned 就 来说 而论 考题 5 典型例题 分 So far as I it is impossible to finish the task in such a short time A am concerned B concern C concerned D concern myself 考题 5 点拨 答案为 A 此题考查 so as far as I am concerned 就我来说 句意为 就我而言 不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务 二 重点短语二 重点短语 6 rather than 而不是 与其 宁愿 eg The color seems green rather than blue 颜色似乎是绿的而不是蓝色的 Rather than cause troubIe he left 他离开了 而不是惹麻烦 用法拓展 rather than 而不是 与其 宁愿 rathe than 是 而不是 Wouid rather than prefer to do rather than 宁愿 而不愿 特别提醒 rather than 放在句中 前后词的形式一致 放在句首 当 与其 宁愿 讲时 其 后接动词原形 考题 6 典型例题 allow the Vegetables to go bad he sold them at half price A Without B More than C Rather than D Would rather 考题 6 点拨 答案为 c A 项为介词 在这里形式不对 B 项表示 超过 多于 不仅 仅 D 项表示 宁愿 后接句子或动词原形 一般不置于句首 在这里也不合适 句意为 他宁愿以半价卖掉 也不愿让蔬菜烂掉 7 more than 超过 多于 不仅仅 eg People more than 1 8 years old have the right to vote in China 在中国公民超过 18 岁就有选举权 I was more than glad to see you here 在这里看到你 我非常高兴 He is more than a scientist he is aIso a p oet 他不仅仅是位科学家 还是一个诗人 用法拓展 more than 多于 超过 不仅仅 非常 more than 与其说 后者 不如说 前者 no more than 仅仅 not more than at most 至多 more than can could 不能 特掰提醒 1 more than n 表示 不仅 不止 2 more than 数词表示 多于 超过 3 more than 形容词表示 非常 十分 4 接含 can 的从句 表示 如此 不能 考题 7 典型例题 It is a museum it s a school A more than B no more than C more like D more than like 考题 7 点拨 答案为 A 根据句意 此处选 more than 表示 不仅仅 句意为 这不 仅是一个博物馆 还是一个学校 三 重点交际用语三 重点交际用语 8 1 would rather 一我宁愿 eg I WOUld rather have some tea 我宁愿喝点 茶 They WOUld rather die than give in 他宁愿死也不投降 I WOUld rather he came tomorrow 我宁愿他明天来 用法拓展 1 Would rather 动词原形 某人宁愿 表示现在或将来的动作 2 would rather have done 宁愿干过 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 用心 爱心 专心 4 3 Would rather not do 宁愿没干 4 Would rather not have done 宁愿没干过 5 Would rather that sb did 宁愿某人干 6 would rather that sb had done 宁愿某人干过 7 would rather do than do 某人宁愿做 也不愿做 特别提醒 would rather 后接从句时 从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式 指现在或将来用一般过去式 指过去用过 去完成式 考题 8 1 典型例题分 I would rather at home than out in such a rainy day A stay go B to stay to go C stay to go D to stay go 考题 8 2 典型例题分 Who would you rather the Olympic Maths Competition Li Hua I think is the best choice A have attended B hav e attend C attending D to attend 专题 8 1 点拨 答案为 A 此题考查 would rather do than do 一句意为 在这 样的下雨天 我宁愿呆在家里 也不愿出去 考题 8 2 点拨 答案为 B 解此题关键是将题干还原为陈述句 You would rather have who do sth 答案一目了然 句意为 你让谁去参加数学奥林匹克竞赛 我认为 李华是最好人选 四 重点句型四 重点句型 9 This It That is the first second third last time that 这是某人第一次 二次 三次 最后一次 干某事 eg That was the first time that they had been alone together 那是他们第一次单独呆在一起 This is the second time that Joan has visited China 这是琼第二次参观中国 用法拓展 This It That is the first time that 一这是某人第一次干 the first time 第一次 后接从句 for the first time 第一次 介词短语 特别提醒 This is the first time that 这是个固定句式 当主句中为 is 时 从句中用现在 完成时 如主句为 was 时 从句用过去完成时 the first time 表示 第一次 用作连词 后接时间状语从句 而 for the first time 表示 第一次 用作介词短语 单独用 不接从句 考题 9 1 典型例题 I thought her nice and honest I saw her A for the first time B the first time C it s time D first time 考题 9 2 It was the third time that he of the changes of the meeting A had informed B had been informed C has informed D has been informed 考题 9 1 点拨 答案为 B 此题关键要明确此空需一连词 for the first time 只用 作介词短语 句意为 我第一次看到她 就认为她美丽又诚实 考题 9 2 点拨 答案为 B 此题考查 lt was the third time that 因主句用 was 故从句须用过去完成时 句意为 这是他第三次被告知会议更期了 五 词语辨析五 词语辨析 10 affair business event thing matter 四个词都有 事情 之意 affair 既指 用心 爱心 专心 5 一般事情也指重大事情 多用复数 eg a public affair 一件公事 an ordinary affair 一件普通的事情 current affairs 时事 government affairs 事务 personal affairs 私事 business 是不可数名词表示 生意 商业 作 事情 讲时指有责任 必要去做的事情 eg do business with 和 做生意 get down to business 开始干某事 言归正传 It s none of one s bus ness 不关某人的事 mind your own business 别多管闲事 event 多指大事件 eg a historical event 历史事件 main events of the year 当年的大事 matter 指事情 事态 eg the matter 出事 出毛病 a matter of 一的事情 问题 as a matter of fact in fact 事实上 实际上 thing 表示 事情 时指最通俗的事 指具体的或抽象的 或指 形势 时用复数形式 eg the most important thing 最重要的事 a simple thing 简单的事 考题 10 用 affair event business thing matter 的适当形式填空 1 What were like in Beijing beforeliberation 2 What were the chief of last year 3 Are you here on or for pleasure 4 It s time we got down to 5 The p resident is busy with of state 6 h is a of who will take the posi tion 考题 10 点拨 1 things 2 events 3 business 4 business 5 affairs 6 matter 语法归纳 语法归纳 精通规则精通规则 游刃有余游刃有余 The Past Participle 过去分词 过去分词兼有动词 副词和形容词的特征 可以带宾语或受状语修饰 过去分词和宾语 或状语一起构成过分词短语 过去分词的基本形式是 动词 ed 但也可以有不规则的形 式 它在句中 可以作定语 表语 宾语补足语或状语 1 作定语 作定语的过去分词如果是单词 一般放在被修饰词的前面 过去分词短语作 定语 则放在被修饰词的后面 eg There are many fallen leaves on the ground 地上有许多落叶 This is a book written by a peasant 这是一本农民写的书 2 作表语 过去分词作表语 多表示主语所处时状态 eg I was pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴 The door remained locked 门仍然锁着 过去分词作表语 相当于形容词 最常见的有 delighted disappointed discouraged drunk astonished hurt interested crowded tired satisfied surprised worri ed excit ed married puzzled upset 等 过去分词作表语时 应注意与被动结构的区别 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质 特点 被动结构强调谓语动作 指主语所承受 的动作 此外还有 系表结构 a 常用一般现在时或一般过去时 b 一般不带状语 c 可以有不及物动 词的过去分词 被动结构 a 有多种时态 常与主动语态的时态一致 Ib 可以带时间 方式或 by 短语 用心 爱心 专心 6 作状语 c 必须是及物动词 eg The small village is surrounded by trees 状态 这 个小村庄四周都是树 The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers 动作 这个小村庄很 快就被敌军包围了 Im interested in sports 状态 我对运动感兴趣 I was interested by what you told me 动作 我对你告诉我的东西有兴趣 The sun is risen 状态 太阳升起了 This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921 动作 鲁迅于 1921 年写成了这篇小说 3 作状语 过去分词短语常用作状语 修饰谓语 说明动作发生的背景或情况 这类 状语大多数放在句子前部 主语前面 也有少数可以放在句子后部 谓语后面 或者插在中 间 主语后面 1 表示原因 eg Inspired by her example the League members worked even harder 在她的榜样鼓舞下 共青团员们干得更起劲了 2 表示时间 eg Once published this dictionary will be very popular 一旦出版 这本字典将会非常受欢迎 3 表示假设 相当于一个条件状语从句 eg United we stand divided we fall 团结则存 分裂则亡 4 表示让步 eg Beaten by the opposite team the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder 虽然被对方打败 但队员们没有泄气 更加刻苦训练 5 表示伴随 这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替 eg He came back very tired 他回来时 很疲惫 The woman scientist entered the lab followed by her assistant 那位女科学家 走进实验室 后面跟着她的助手 考题 1 典型例题 分 They now have a good government by all the people A having supported B supporting C supported D to be supported 考题 2 典型例题 in thought he almost ran into the tree in front of him A Losing B Having lost C Lost D To lost 考题 3 典型例题分 You ve done a good job Thanks But more time I could have done it better A giving B to give C to be given D given 考题 1 点拨 答案为 C supported by aIl the people 是过去分词作定语 修饰 government 表被动 考题 2 点拨 答案为 c be lost in thought 表示 陷入沉思 不表被动而表示主语 所处的状态 考题 3 点拨 答案为 D 主句中的主语 I 与 give 之间是被动关系 用 given more time 这个过去分词作状语 表示虚拟的条件 IVIV 专题探究 专题探究 由点及面由点及面 由表及里由表及里 专题探究 如何提高书面表达的档次 二 学会使用较丰富的句式专题详解 在整篇文章中 避免只使用一两个句型 要灵活运用各种语 法结构 运用得当的句子 结构可以给文章增色不少 eg 1 when he arrives please give me an e maiL 使用 u ing 形式 On his 用心 爱心 专心 7 arriving arrival please give me an e mail 2 To his surprise the little girl knows so many things 使用名词性从句 一 what surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things That the little girl knows so many things surprises him It surprises him that the little girl knows so many things 3 Though Im weak IlI make the effort 使用倒装句 一 Weak as l am Ill make the effort 4 He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper 使用强调句型 It was not until It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he kno w what had happened 5 I passed the physics exam because of your help 使用虚拟语气 一 I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help 一 If you had not helped me I could not have passed the physics exam 6 SIie walked out of the lab and many students followed her 用过去分词 一 Followed by many students she walked out of the lab 7 They sang and laughed as they went back to school 使用 v ing 形式 Singing and laughing they went back to school 8 1 won t believe what he says 使用状语从句 No matter what he says I won t believe 9 1f you study hard you will make rapid progress 使用并列句 一 Study hard and you ll make rapid progress 10 He had no sooner come back ftom Beijing than he was sent abroad 使用倒 装句 一 No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad V V 考题类型一网打尽考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首蓦然回首 灯火阑珊灯火阑珊 回顾回顾 1 测试语法 典型例题 n the mountai Ns for a week the two students were finally saved by the local police A Having lost B 1 ost C Being lost D Losing 1 B 点拨 be lost in the mountains 表示 迷失在大山里 be lost 是系表结构 表状态 在句子中作状语 回顾回顾 2 测试语法 典型例题 e prize of the game show is 30 000 and an aIl expenses vacation to China A paying B paid C to be paid D being paid 2 B 点拨 paid 是过去分词 相当于形容词 修饰 vacation 回顾回顾 3 测试语法 典型例题 The pilot asked a11 the passengers on board to remain as the plane was mak ing a landing A seat B seating C seated D to be seating 3 c 点拨 seat Sb 使某人就座 remain seated 坐着不动 seated 是过去分词作 表语 回顾回顾 4 测试语法 典型例题 rah hurry up Im afraid you won t have time to before the party A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change 4 A 点拨 get changed 表示 换衣服 回顾回顾 5 测试语法 典型例题 with a difficult situation Arnold decided 用心 爱心 专心 8 to ask his boss for advice A To face B Having faced C Faced D Facing 5 C 点拨 be faeed with a difficult situation 面临困难形势 过去分词短语 faced with a difficult situation 作状语 回顾回顾 6 测试语法 典型例题 Sugar when with water dissolves quickly A mixed B mixing C mix D is mixed 6 A 点拨 mixed 表示被动 意为 当被混合时 回顾回顾 7 测试语法 典型例题 e disc digitally in the studio sounded fantastic at the party that night A recorded B recording C to be recorded D having recorded 7 A 点拨 动词 ed 形式作定语表示被动和已经完成的动作 根据状语 at the party that night 可判断出这个影碟已被录制好 回顾回顾 8 测试语法 典型例题 nda worked for the Minne sota Manufacturing and Mining Company as 3 M A knowing B known Cbeing known D tobe known 8 B 点拨 动词 ed 形式 known 作 Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company 的 定语 回顾回顾 9 测试语法 典型例题 ws that punish parents for their little children s actions against the law s get parents A worried B to worry C worrying D worry 9 A 点拨 get 后接形容词 worried 作宾补 表示 使某人担心 忧虑 回顾回顾 10 测试语法 典型例题 time he ll make a first class tennis player A Having given B To give C Giving D Given 10 D 点拨 given time 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句 If he was giveri time 句 意为 如果给他时间 他会成为一名一流的网球运动员 回顾回顾 11 测试语法 典型例题 Generally speaking according to the directions the drug has no side effect A when taking B when taken C when to take D when to be taken 11 B 点拨 take 和 drug 是动宾关系 要用过去分词作状语 句意为 一般说来 根 据说明服用这种药不会产生副作用 VIVI 20112011 年高考题预测年高考题预测 高瞻远瞩高瞻远瞩 占尽先机占尽先机 一 考情预测一 考情预测 年考情预测年考情预测 预测 l 过去分词作表语 预测根据 过去分词作表语 相当于形容词 多表示主语所处的状态 这与动词的过去 分词表示被动有很大区别 很多同学分不清相当于形容词的过去分词和表示被动的过去分词 而这一点正是高考考查的重点 此类问题的考查在每年的高考题中都会出现 占 2 3 分的 分数 考情预测 年这一考点将继续 命题角度预测 过去分词作表语 相当于形容词的用法会在单项选择 完形填空或短文 改错中出现 有时设题时系动词不局限于 be 还可能以 remain stay turn become grow 等半系动词的形式出现 预测 l 2 过去分词作定语 预测根据 过去分词作定语 可表示被动或完成 作定语的过去分词如果是单词 一般 用心 爱心 专心 9 放在被修饰词的前面 过去分词短语作定语 则放在被修饰词的后面 这是高考命题的一个 重点 命题角度预测 过去分词作定语的设题在完形填空部分出现的几率最大 考生务必根据 过去分词与所修饰词的逻辑关系 作出适合语境的正确选择 预测 3 过去分词作状语 预测根据 过去分词短语常作状语 修饰谓语 说明动作发生的背景或情况 这类状语 大多数放在句子前部 主语前面 也有少数可以放在句子后部 谓语后面 或者插在中间 主语后面 用来表示原因 时间 假设 让步 伴随等 这是在考查非谓语动词时很重要 的一部分 每年高考题中必有的内容 命题角度预测 过去分词短语作状语 在单项选择中出现的几率最大 且以过去分词的 一般式 完成式等多种形式呈现 作出选择时必须根据所提供的语境 看清过去分词短语与 主句谓语所表示的时间先后 作出选择 预测 4 more than 的活用现象 预测根据 more than 除了可以用于表示 多于 超过 的比较 还可表示 不仅 不 止 more A than B 表示 与其说是 B 倒不如说是 A 这些都是高考考查的重点和热点 命题角度预测 more than 的活用现象在单项选择或完形填空题中出现的可能性非常大 在备考时务必牢固掌握其基本的几种活用方法 预测 5 话题预测 本单元的中心话题是 新闻媒体 具体涉及新闻传媒的种类 新闻采访与报道 新闻 话题 新闻阅读等 语言技能和语言知识几乎都是围绕介绍 新闻传媒 这一中心话题展开 的 高考题中涉及这一部分的话题最有可能在阅读理解部分出现 以新闻报道的文体出一篇 阅读理解题 考生务必清楚新闻报道这一应用文体及其特点 二 考题预测二 考题预测 备考备考 1 测试考点测试考点 1 The they had the prisoner was quite beyond their imagination A difficulties in interviewing B difficulties to interview C difficulty to interview D difficult y interviewing 1 D 点拨 考查 have difficulty in doing sth difficulty 费劲 用作不可数 名词 备考备考 2 测试考点测试考点 2 She suffered spiritually a lot from the death of her daughter Her attention should be to something else A paid B fixed C attracting D draw 2 A 点拨 考查 pay attention to 注意 fix one s attention on 而 C D 项形 式不对 备考备考 3 测试语法 Something must be done to help those students computer games A addicted with B addicted to C addicting to D addicting with 3 B 点拨 be addicted to 沉迷于 过去分词短语作定语 备考备考 4 测试考点测试考点 6 He came all the way to China for building up friendship for making money A other than B much than C better than D rather than 4 D 点拨 rather than 而不是 题干为 是为了建立友谊而不是为了赚钱 用心 爱心 专心 10 other than 除了 不同于 better than 好于 不合题意 备考备考 5 测试考点测试考点 2 Before we leave school our teachers