高中主谓一致讲解及练习

1 主谓一致主谓一致 主谓一致指人称和数方面的一致关系 主谓一致可分为 语法一致 内容一致 就近一致 一 语法一致原则一 语法一致原则 即主语为单数 谓语用单数 主语为复数 谓语也用复数 以下为注意事项 1 单数主语即使后面带有 with along with together with like but except besides as well as as much as accompanied by no less than rather than including in addition to 引导的短语 谓语动词仍用单数 如 Air as well as water is matter 空气和水都是物质 No one except two servants was late for the dinner 除了两个仆人外 没有一个人迟来用餐 2 用 and 连接的并列主语 如果主语是同一个人 同一事 同一概念 谓语动词用单数 否则用复数 如 The poet and writer has come 那位诗人兼作家来了 一个人 A hammer and a saw are useful tools 锤子和锯都是有用的工具 两样物 用 and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体 如 bread and butter 黄油抹面包 knife and fork 刀叉 等作主语时 谓语动词用单数 3 不定式 短语 动名词 短语 或从句作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 Serving the people is my great happiness 为人民服务是我最大的幸福 When we ll go out for an outing has been decided 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了 what从句作主语时的主谓一致what引导的从句作主语时 谓语动词通常用单数 但如果其后是 系表结构 表语为复数名词 谓语动词用复数形式 如 What she said is correct 她说的是正确的 What he gave me are five English books 他给我的是 5 本英语书 What he needs is money 他需要的是钱 若用 and 连接两个动名词 不定式短语或主语从句 表示两个不同的概念 则谓语动词用复数形 式 若表示同一概念 则谓语动词用单数形式 如 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit 早起早睡是个好习惯 When and where the building will be built hasn t been decided 何时何地建大楼还未定下来 Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life 犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分 What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program 你所吃的 与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素 4 连接的并列主语被 each every no 或 many a 修饰时 谓语动词用单数 Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳 No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席 Each man and each woman is asked to help 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙 5 each of 复数代词 谓语动词用单数 复数代词 each 谓语动词用单数 如 Each of us has something to say 我们每个人都有话要说 We each have something to say 6 若主语中有 more than one 或 many a an 尽管从意义上看是复数 但它的谓语动词仍用单数 但 more 复数名词 than one 做主语时 谓语动词仍用复数 如 Many a boy likes playing basketball 许多男生都喜欢打篮球 More than one student was late 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us 不止一个人来帮助我们 7 none 做主语时 谓语动词可用单数 也可用复数 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数 因而谓 语动词要用单数 但是当 either neither of 构成的短语作主语时 谓语动词通常用单数形式 在口 2 语中也可视为复数 如 None of us are is perfect 人无完人 None of the money was paid to me Either of the girls is Ann s sister 那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐 Neither of them is going to give up the chance 他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会 8 名词如 trousers scissors clothes goods glasses 等作主语时 谓语动词必须用复数 如 His clothes are good 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of 谓语一般用单数 如 A pair of glasses is on the desk 桌上有一副眼镜 9 形复意单名词如 news 以 ics 结尾的学科名称如 physics mathematics economics 国名如 the United States 报纸名如 the New Times 书名如 Arabian Night 以及 The United Nations 等作主语时 谓语动词用单数 10 a 名词 and a half one and a half 名词 the number of 名词 等作主语时 谓语动词要 用单数 如 Only one and a half apples is left on the table 注意 one or two 复数名词作主语 谓语动词用复数形式 如 One or two places have been visited 参观了一两个地点 二 内容一致原则二 内容一致原则 1 主语中有 all half most the rest 等 以及 分数或百分数 名词 做主语时 谓语动词单复数取决于 连用的名词 如 The rest of the bikes are on sale today 剩下的自行车 今天出售 60 of the apple was eaten by little boy 这个苹果的 60 都被这个小男孩吃了 Most of the apples were rotten 大部分的苹果都是烂的 Most of the apple was eaten by a rat 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了 2 不定数量的词组 如 part of a lot of lots of one of a number of plenty of 等作主语时 谓语动 词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数 如 A part of the textbooks have arrived 一小部分教科书已运到 A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了 3 加减乘除用单数 如 Fifteen minus five is ten 15 减去 5 等于 10 4 表示时间 金钱 距离 度量等的名词做主语时 尽管是复数形式 它们做为一个单一的概念时 其谓语动词用单数 如 Ten miles is a good distance 十英里是一个相当的距离 5 集合名词的主谓一致 1 通常作复数的集体名词 包括 police people cattle folk poultry 家禽 等 这些集体名词通常 用作复数 如 The British police have only very limited powers 2 表示类别总称的集合名词通常作不可数名词 包括 equipment furniture clothing 衣服 luggage jewelry machinery 机械 等 3 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词 包括 audience committee government family enemy group party team public 等 如 The committee has have decided to dismiss him 委员会决定解雇他 6 the 形容词 过去分词形式 表示一类人或事物 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 如 The injured were saved after the fire 当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时 谓语动词用单数形 式 The beautiful lives forever 美是永存的 The old gives place to the new 新陈代谢 7 单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致 单复数同形的名词作主语 要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式 常 3 见的这部分名词有 aircraft crossroads deer fish headquarters series sheep species works 工厂 等 如 The crossroads is are dangerous 这个 些 十字路口很危险 Every means has been tried 各种方法都试过了 All possible means have been tried 所有可能的方法都试过了 A steel works has just been built there 那儿刚建了一座钢厂 Lots of aircraft were sent there 很多飞机被派往那儿 注意 fishes 表示 各种各样的鱼 名词clothes works 作 著作 讲 goods contents the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数 如 Clothes keep people warm 衣服使人保暖 His works have been translated into several foreign languages 他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语 若表示 一套衣服 可用 a suit of clothes clothes 不可与不定冠词 a 或数词连用 若表示 一部作品 用 a work 两部作品 用 two works 三 就近原则三 就近原则 1 由 here there where 等引导的倒装句中 有时主语不止一个时 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上 一致 如 Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了 Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you 给你一支钢笔和几张纸 2 用连词 or either or neither nor not only but also 等连接的并列主语 谓语动词与靠近它的 主语在数上一致 如 Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事 He or you have taken my pen 他或你拿了我的钢笔 3 主语由肯定否定两部分构成时 谓语与肯定的一致 如 Not you but I am to answer for it I not you am to answer for it 对此负责的是我而不是你 4 表示数量的 one and a half 复数名词 作主语时 其谓语要用单数形式 如 One and a half bananas is left on the table 桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉 One and a half hours is enough 一个半小时足够了 注意 one of 复数名词 who that which 引导的定语从句中 定语从句的动词为复数 如 Mary is one of those people who keep pets 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一 The only one of 复数名词 who that which 引导的定语从句中 定语从句的动词应为单数 Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人 1 a an 单数名词 or two 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 A student or two has failed the exam 一两个学生考试不及格 one or two 复数名词 作主语时 谓语动词用复数 如 One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树 2 在 It be 被强调部分 that who 结构中 be 用单数形式 is 或 was 如被强调部分是主语 that who 后的谓语与被强调部分的人称 数保持一致 如 It is I who am a student 我是学生 It is they who have worked there for five years 是他们在那儿工作了 5 年 3 the majority of 复数名词 作主语时 用复数谓语 the majority 单独作主语时 谓语既可用单数 也可用复数形式 如 The majority of boys like football 大多数男孩喜爱足球 The majority was were in favour of banning smoking 大多数人支持禁烟 4 The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio 多数人喜欢电视胜过广播 4 an average of 复数名词 作主语与复数动词连用 意思是 平均有 the average of 复数名 词 作主语与单数动词连用 意思是 的平均数 如 An average of 3 000 people come to visit this famous school every year 每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观 The average of 14 3 and 1 is 6 14 3 和 1 的平均数是 6 5 a total of 复数名词 作主语与复数动词连用 意思是 总共有 the total of 复数名词 作 主语与单数动词连用 意思是 的总数 如 A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信 The total of letters received last month was 300 上个月收到的信总数是三百封 6 当 man 人类 the world 世界上的人 人类 作主语时 谓语用单数 如 Only man knows how to cook 只有人类懂得烹饪 Only man is capable of speech 只有人类才具有说话的能力 All the world knows that the earth is round 世界上的人都知道地球是圆的 7 population 表示 人口 即一个国家或地区的居民数目 它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式 当它前面有分数或百分数时 population 是指一个国家或地区的全体居民 它作主语时 谓语动 词可用单数也可用复数形式 但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时 谓语动词最好用复数形式 如 The population of Canada is about 29 million 加拿大的人口约为 2 900 万 Just under a third of the population now smokes smoke in this country 在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一 About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 这个国家大约百分之八十的 人口是农民 8 由 a kind of this kind of many kinds of 和 名词 of this kind 等 以及由与 kind 意义相似的 type sort form part piece section 等构成的类似短语作主语时 谓语动词与 of 前的名词保持 数的一致 如 A kind of birds has been discovered by them 他们发现了一种鸟 A part of the book is not interesting 这本书里有一部分内容没趣 Parts of the book are very instructive 这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义 These are two different forms of the same thing 这些是同一事物两种不同的形式 This kind of apples is highly priced Apples of this kind are highly priced 种苹果定价很高 5 练练 习习 1 Three died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter A hundreds people B hundred people C hundreds peoplesD hundred peoples 2 Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting A is handing outB are to hand out C are handing outD is to hand out 3 I who your close friend will try my best to help you out of trouble A am B isC areD be 4 The Olympic Games in the year 2008 in Beijing of China which known to us all A is to hold is B is to be held was C are to hold isD are to be held is 5 There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep up A were itB are them C was itD is them 6 Three million tons of coal every year in the city A is exploited B are exploited C had exploitedD have exploited 7 Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now A isB was C areD were 8 Mathematics the language of science A areB are going to be C isD is to be 9 Both rice and wheat grown in our country A isB areC was D were 10 either of your parents come to see you recently A HaveB Had C Has D Is 11 What the children in the mountain village need good books A is B areC have D has 12 The whole family TV attentively A are watchingB is watching C is seeingD are seeing 13 Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday A wasB were C have beenD would be 14 At the bus stop a soldier and two young people on their way to the village A wereB was C isD sits 15 If law and order neither the citizen nor his family is safe A are not preservedB is not preserved C were preserved D have not been preserved 16 There little change in that middle school A haveB hadC have beenD has been 17 What such a sunset is strange to us all A going to be B C isD that 18 Seventy five percent of the earth s surface with water A is coveredB is coveringC were covered D are covered 19 The following some other mental diseases 6 A beingB areC was D were 20 Not only you but also I able to help him out A are B isC amD were 21 The Kites us a story of the kite s history A have toldB tells C were toldD was told 22 You and I twin sisters A wereB areC isD am 23 A teacher of English and class teacher us something about volunteer workers A are tellingB is telling C are given D were given 24 Thousands of tons of rubbish over a large period of time A rots awayB rot away C has rotted awayD are rotted away 25 Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly built stadium A is cleaningB are cleaningC were cleaning D have cleaned 26 Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln A have known B knows C is knownD are known 27 The defence works built long ago to keep the enemy away A wereB has been C had beenD was 28 Have you all studied the passage Using the Mind against Disease A Nobody of us hasB Nobody of us have C None of us hasD None of us did 29 A group of Italian soldiers quickly towards their position A were advancing B were advanced C was advancingD advancing 30 Everyone men and women old and young sports and games A is enjoyB were enjoying C enjoysD enjoy 7 1 解析 选 B hundred 一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加 s 2 解析 选 D 当 either or 连接两个并列主语时 句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持 一致 be 不定式 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 3 解析 选 A who 为引导定语从句的关系代词 其先行词是 I 所以谓语动词要用 am 4 解析 选 D 主语 the Olympic Games 意为 奥运会 谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式 后半部 分为 which 引导的非限制情定语从句 其谓语动词要用单数形式 5 解析 选 C there be 句