情态动词 (2)

1 情态动词情态动词 一 情态动词的定义 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度 二 情态动词的特点 1 情态动词有一定的词义 2 情态动词不能单独做谓语 它必须和其他动词的原形一起构成谓语 3 情态动词没有人称 数的变化 三 情态动词的结构和意义 1 情态动词的基本句型 肯定句 主语 情态动词 动词原形 否定句 主语 情态动词 not 动词原形 疑问句 情态动词 主语 动词原形 2 情态动词的意义 must 必须 can could 能 会 may might 可以 should 应该 would 愿 要 have to 不得不 need 需要 四 情态动词的基本用法 1 can could 主要指过去时间主要指过去时间 1 表示人或物本身所具有的能力 意为 能 能够 会 Two eyes can see more than one 两只眼比一只眼看得清 2 表示可能 理论上或是逻辑判断上 He can t couldn t have enough money for a new car 他不可能有足够 的钱买新车 3 表示允许 Can I have a look at your new pen 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗 He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room 他问他 可不可以把书带出阅览室 4 表示对现在动作或状态的猜测 主要用于否定句和疑问句中或感叹 句中 He can t couldn t be over sixty 他不可能超过六十岁 5 could 表示比 can 更委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法 指的是现在时 间 Can Could you lend me a hand 帮我一把好吗 2 may might 2 1 表允许 询问或说明一件事可不可以做 might 指过去时间 但在疑 问句中 might 也可指现在时间 语气比 may 更委婉 May Might I ask for a photo of your baby 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片 吗 在回答以 may 引起的问句时 肯定回答是一般可仍用 may 或 Yes please Certainly Sure Of course 否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到 弱分别选用 must not mustn t 禁止 had better not 最好别 may not 不行 2 may 表可能 但所表示的可能性不如 can 所表示的那样肯定 might 可 以指过去时间 也可以指现在时间 但语气更加不肯定 He may be at home 他可能在家 They might be having a meeting but I m not sure 他们有可能在开会 不 过我不肯定 3 must have to 表示客观需要 表示客观需要 1 表示 必须 主观看法主观看法 时 用于肯定句或疑问句 用于否定句时 表示 禁止 We must do everything step by step 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做 2 表示揣测 意为 想必 准是 一定 等 只用于肯定句 He must be ill He looks so pale 他准是病了 他的脸色苍白 3 must 的疑问句 肯定回答用 must 否定回答用 needn t 或 don t have to 4 should 1 表责任或义务 意为 应该 用于各种人称 You should be polite to your teachers 你对老师应该有礼貌 2 表推测 意为 想必一定 照说应该 估计 等 The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors 这部新电影是一流演员主演的 估计拍得很好 5 will 1 表意愿 用于各种人称 I will do anything for you 我愿为你做任何事 2 will 在疑问句中用于第二人称 表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请 求 Will you close the window 请你把窗户关上好吗 6 would 1 will 的过去式 表示过去时间的 意志 意愿 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed 他们不让他进 去因为他衣着破旧 I said I would do anything for you 我说过我愿意为你做任何事 2 would 用于现在时间 表示比较委婉地提出请求 建议或看法 3 Would you like another glass of beer 再来杯啤酒好吗 7 need 1 need 作为情态动词 主要用于否定句 疑问句 作为实义动词可用于 肯定句 否定句或疑问句中 You needn t telephone him now 你现在不必打电话给他 2 回答由 need 引起的问句时 肯定回答一般用 must 否定回答是用 needn t Need I come Yes you must 我需要来吗 需要 情态动词练习题 一 单项选择 1 I take it out I m sorry you A Could couldn t B Might might not C Could can D May can t 2 You were stupid to climb the tree You hurt yourself A may B might C will D might have 3 You those letters Why didn t you A should post B should have posted C must have posted D would post 4 All the lights are on the Smiths up A must get B is getting C must be getting D would get 5 He lead a horse to the water but he not make it drink A will can B may can C may dares D dare can 6 Need we do this job now Yes A you need B you should C you must D you can 7 to have lunch with us today A Do you likes B Would you like C Will you liked D Have you liked 8 He said that you watch TV all the evening if you wished A may B must C can D might 9 Is John coming by train He should but he not He likes driving his car A must B can C need D may 10 Peter come with us tonight but he isn t very sure yet A must B can C may D will 11 Michael be a policeman for he s much too short A needn t B can t C shouldn t D won t 12 I thought you be hungry so I have brought you some cakes A may B might C can D could 13 Come on We hurry because there isn t much time left 4 A may B must C can D need 14 Amy did best in the English test She hard last week A must have working B should have worked C should work D must work 15 I stayed at a hotel while in New York Oh did you You with Barbara A could have stayed B could stay C would stay D must have stayed 16 It s nearly seven o clock Jack be here at any moment A must B need C should D can 17 Would you like to drink some juice Thanks but I have drunk a lot if tea A I d love to B I think so C I m afraid not D I don t think so 18 May I smoke here No you Look there is a NO SMOKING sign here A may B may not C needn t D mustn t 19 Listen Helen is singing in the next room It be Helen She has gone to Beijing A can t B mustn t C may D should 20 What do drivers do when the traffic lights turn red They stop and wait till the green light A must B can C may D need 二 根据语境用适当的情态动词填空 1 I leave school now No you clean the classroom 2 It s time for class You stop plalying football or you be l