下肢的骨骼1

2017/12/17,1,下肢的骨骼与关节 The skeleton and joint of lower limb,南京大学医学院人体解剖教研室,2017/12/17,2,下 肢 的 运 动,2017/12/17,3,下肢骨The Bones of Lower Limb,下肢带骨髋骨The hip bone 游离下肢骨股骨The femur 髌骨The patella 胫骨The tibia 胫骨The fibula 足骨The bone of the foot,2017/12/17,4,2017/12/17,5,2017/12/17,6,2017/12/17,7,2017/12/17,8,2017/12/17,9,2017/12/17,10,2017/12/17,11,2017/12/17,12,2017/12/17,13,下肢的常用骨性标志,髂前上棘、髂前下棘、髂后上棘、髂后下棘、髂嵴、髂结节、坐骨结节、股骨大转子、耻骨结节、髌骨、股骨内、外侧髁、胫骨粗隆、胫骨内、外侧髁、腓骨小头、内、外侧踝、跟骨结节、第五跖骨粗隆、第一、第五趾骨头,2017/12/17,14,足 The foot,2017/12/17,15,2017/12/17,16,2017/12/17,17,2017/12/17,18,2017/12/17,19,下肢骨连结The joint of the lower limb,下肢带骨的连结The joint of the pelvic girdle1、耻骨联合The ubic symphysis2、骶髂关节The sacroiliac joint3、骶结节、骶棘韧带The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligments4、闭孔膜The obturator membrane 5、骨盆The pelvis,2017/12/17,20,下肢带骨的连接,2017/12/17,21,2017/12/17,22,2017/12/17,23,男女骨盆的主要差别Differences between the male and female pelves,2017/12/17,24,骨盆 pelvis,界线：骶骨岬、髂骨弓状线、尺骨梳围成， 由界线围成的平面，即骨盆上口。上口以上为大骨盆，以下为小骨盆。小骨盆出口为由肛三角和尿生殖三角组成的菱形出口。,2017/12/17,25,重力的传递直立时：体重腰5骶骨髋臼股骨头下 肢此乃股骶弓，耻骨上支为其约束弓。坐位时：体重腰5骶骨骶髂关节坐骨结 节此乃坐股弓，坐骨下支、耻骨下支为 其约束弓,2017/12/17,26,2017/12/17,27,2017/12/17,28,2017/12/17,29,2017/12/17,30,2017/12/17,31,2017/12/17,32,2017/12/17,33,2017/12/17,34,2017/12/17,35,2017/12/17,36,2017/12/17,37,2017/12/17,38,男女性骨盆的差异,2017/12/17,39,2017/12/17,40,游离下肢骨关节The joints of the free lower limb,髋关节The hip joint 1、关节的基本结构 2、关节的辅助结构 3、髋关节的结构特点 4、常见临床损伤,2017/12/17,41,2017/12/17,42,2017/12/17,43,2017/12/17,44,2017/12/17,45,膝关节 The knee joint,1、关节的基本结构2、关节的辅助结构3、膝关节的结构特点4、常见临床损伤,2017/12/17,46,2017/12/17,47,2017/12/17,48,2017/12/17,49,2017/12/17,50,2017/12/17,51,2017/12/17,52,2017/12/17,53,2017/12/17,54,2017/12/17,55,2017/12/17,56,2017/12/17,57,2017/12/17,58,2017/12/17,59,2017/12/17,60,足关节The joint of the foot,1、踝关节The ankle joint2、跗跖关节The tarsometatarsal joint3、跖趾关节The metatarsophalangeal joint4、趾间关节The interphalangeal joint5、足弓The arches of foot 足内弓 足外弓 足横弓,2017/12/17,61,2017/12/17,62,2017/12/17,63,2017/12/17,64,2017/12/17,65,2017/12/17,66,2017/12/17,67,2017/12/17,68,2017/12/17,69,2017/12/17,70,2017/12/17,71,2017/12/17,72,2017/12/17,73,足弓 The arches of foot,足弓足内侧纵弓:由跟、距、舟骨、三块楔骨、和内侧第一、