系统解剖-泌尿系统-英文版.Urinary-System.ppt

UrinarySystem泌尿系统 UrinarySystem泌尿系统 CompositionKidney肾 formurineUreter输尿管 conducturinefromkidneystobladderUrinarybladder膀胱 receivesandstoresurineUrethra尿道 conductsurinefrombladdertoexteriorofbody discharged Kidney肾 GeneralfeaturesBeanshaped reddish brownorgansSuperiorextremity broadandthinInferiorextremity narrowandthickAnteriorsurface convexPosteriorsurface flatLateralborder convex Kidney肾 Medialborder concave Renalhilum肾门 averticalslitonthemedialborderofkidney Renalpedicle肾蒂 thestructureswhichenterandleavetherenalhilum includingtherenalvein renalartery renalpelvis lymphaticvesselsandnervesOrderofstructuresintherenalpedicleFromanteriortoposterior renalV renalA renalpelvis Fromsuperiortoinferior renalA renalV renalpelvis Kidney肾 Renalsinus肾窦TherenalhilumextendsintoalargecavitywithinthekidneyContents Occupiedbytherenalvessels minorrenalcalices majorrenalcalices renalpelvisandsomeadiposetissue kidney Renalstructure肾的结构Renalcortex肾皮质renalcolumns肾柱Renalmedulla肾髓质Renalpyramids肾锥体 15 20 Renalpapilla肾乳头Papillaryforamina乳头孔Minorrenalcalices肾小盏 7 8 Majorrenalcalices肾大盏 2 3 Renalpelvis肾盂 Renalcortexconsistofrenalunits whichproducestheurine kidney CoveringsofkidneyFibrouscapsule纤维囊Fattyrenalcapsule脂肪囊Renalfascia肾筋膜 kidney CoveringsofkidneyFibrouscapsule纤维囊Astrongfibrouscapsulewhichstripseasilyfromanormalkidneysurfacebutadheresfirmlytoanorganthathasbeeninflamed kidney Fattyrenalcapsule脂肪囊Athickadiposeconnectivetissuecapsule surroundsthefibrouscapsuleItactsasashockabsorbertoprotectthekidneyfromjoltingandjarringRenalfascia肾筋膜Onoutside surroundsboththekidneyandsuprarenalglandHoldingtheseorgansinplace kidney PositionofKidneyLiebehindtheperitoneum highupontheposteriorabdominalwalloneithersideofthevertebralcolumnUpperpolenearertomediaplanthanlowerpole Kidney LeftkidneyLiesatthelevelfromthelowerborderofT11tointervertebraldiscbetweenL2 L3The12thribisbehinditsmiddlepartofthepostsurfaceRightkidneyLiesslightlylowerthantheleftkidney atthelevelfromtheupperborderofT12toL3The12thribisbehinditsupperpartofthepostsurfaceRenalhilumAtthelevelofL1About5cmfromtheposteriormedianline RenalregionTheareabetween12thribandthelateralmarginoferectorspinae Renalsegments肾段 Thekidneyisdividedintofivevascularsegmentsandeachissuppliedbyabranchoftherenalartery betweenthesegmentsthereisnoanastomosis RenalsegmentsSuperiorsegmentSuperioranteriorsegmentInferioranteriorsegmentInferiorsegmentPosteriorsegment Resincorrosioncastofhumankidneys Ureter pelvisandcalycesareyellow aorta renalarteriesandtheirbranchesarered CoronalmultisliceCTscansoftherightandleftsuprarenalglands CTrenalvenogram AcquiredfromamultisliceCTexaminationandreconstructedasa3Dsurfaceshadedreformat Variations Renalcalculus stoneinthekindey 肾功能衰竭kidneyfailure尿毒症uremia toxuria肾移植kidneytransplantation Ureters输尿管 Musculartube about20 30cmlongand0 5 1 0cmwide diameter DivisionsAbdominalpart输尿管腹部 descendonthepsoasmajorbehindtheperitoneumPelvicpart输尿管盆部 infemales passes2cmlateraltotheneckofuterusandliesbelowtheuterinearteryIntramuralpart输尿管壁内段 passesobliquelythroughthebladderwallfor1 5cmlong Ureters输尿管 Threeconstrictions1stconstriction atpelvouretericjunction2ndconstriction whereuretercrossesthepelvicinletandiliacvessels3rdconstriction atintramuralpart MultisliceCTurogram Coronalreformatshowingtheenhancingrenalparenchymaandbothuretersalongtheirentirelength MultisliceCTurogram 3D surfaceshadedreformatshowingthekidneys ureters bladderandsurroundingbonyanatomy Stoneinureter Urinarybladder膀胱 Generalfeatures pyramidalinshapewhenempty havingApex膀胱尖Fundus膀胱底Bodyofbladder膀胱体Neck膀胱颈 Normalvolumofbladderadult 350 500mlmaxium 800mlnewborn 1 10ofadult Urinarybladder膀胱 Trigoneofbladder膀胱三角SmoothtriangularareaatinnersurfaceofthefundsofbladderFormedbyinternalurethralorificeanteriorlyandtwouretericorificeslaterallyInthisareaabsentssubmucosallayer wherethemucousmembraneisfirmlyadherenttothemuscularcoat andisalwayssmooth Interuretericfold输尿管间襞MuscularelevationBetweenuretericorifices Urinarybladder膀胱 PositionIntheadult itliesinthelesserpelvis behindthepubicsymphysis infrontofseminalvesicle ampullaductusdeferentisandrectuminthemale andinfrontofuterusandvaginainthefe