《英语语法总结》PPT课件.ppt

小学英语语法 一 名词 可数名词和不可数名词 二 代词三 冠词四 动词五 介词六 形容词和副词 七 therebe结构八 时态 1 一般现在时2 一般过去时3 现在进行时4 一般将来时九 wh 的特殊疑问句 一 名词 名词 表示人和事物名称的词 专有名词 普通名词 特定的人 地方 机构等专有的名称 第一个字母通常要大写 e g JimGreen NewYork BankofChina PekingUniversity星期 月份 节日 学科 报刊名也是专有名词 个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体 如 student desk集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体 如 class family物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称 如 water rice sand hair抽象名词 表示情感 状态 品质等抽象名称 如 love carelessness 个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算 称为可数名词 有单 复数形式 物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算 称为不可数名词 一般只有一种形式 英语语法中 只有可数名词才有复数形式 名词有两种数的形式 1 单数 表示一个人或事物 2 复数 表示多于一个的人或数 名词的数 名词复数形式的构成 不规则名词的复数 由元音字母的变化构成 man men tooth teeth foot feet mouse mice woman women2 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样 sheep deer fish 但也可以是fishes 有些名词变成复数时加 en child children ox oxen Practise peach 2 zoo 3 glass 4 fox 5 lady 6 policewoman 7 house 8 photo 9 monkey 10 wife 11 rose 12 path 13 judge 14 map peaches zoos glasses foxes ladies policewomen houses photos monkeys wives roses paths judges maps 二 人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs Practise 他 ismybrother 2 Ihadaletterfrom 她 3 It sallright it sonly 我 4 Today 我们 wentin 我们的 car tomorrow 我们 aregoingin 他们的 5 我 lend 我的 booksgladlyto 我的 friendsandto 你的 6 Canyouhelp 我 with 我的 English 7 When 你 gotosee 你的 father pleasetakethesebooksto 他 8 他们 found 它 difficulttolearnGerman He her me we our we theirs I my my yours me my you your him They it 所有格 所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加 schild child s以 s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加 swaitress waitress s不规则的复数人称名词末尾加 schildren children s以 s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加 girls girls 以 s结尾的一些人名末尾加 sJames James s 下列情况一般用 of 结构 东西 没有现成的复合名词时 thebookofthefilm2 东西的一部分 thebottomofthebox3 抽象的概念 thepriceofsuccess4 当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时 Can tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou 双重 s结构也可以用于 of 结构之后 如 afriendofmyfather s 出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词 又如 thissonofmine afriendofyours acousinofhers等等 Isn tFrankafriendofyours ThatsillyuncleofTom shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes 冠词 不定冠词a an 定冠词the 只能用于单数可数名词之前 单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词 零冠词 名词前可不用冠词 小试牛刀 一 在下列单词前加上适当的不定冠词a an 1 elephant2 oldman3 nurse4 hour5 egg6 orange7 pen8 baby9 doctor10 biggateKeys 1 an 2 an 3 a 4 an 5 an 6 an 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 a 小试牛刀 三 根据句意 填入适当的冠词 20分 1 Doyoulikeplaying volleyballhere Yes Look Ihave volleyball 2 Canyousee eraseron desk Yes whoseisit 3 LucyandLilyare sisters Andthey re twins 4 Icansee u R and 8 onthewall the an a an a an 小试牛刀 1 Myfatheris kindman sohehasmanyfriends A aB anC the2 Thereis a intheword apple A B aC an3 TheChangjiangRiveris longestinChina A B anC the4 What swrongwithyou Mum A theB C a5 Shegoesto schooleveryday schoolisnearherhome A an TheB a AC The A c C B C 四 动词 动词主要表示动作 其次表示状态或性质 有时态 语态 语气等形式的变化 小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有 实义动词 be动词 情态动词can must等 Be动词 am is are was were Practise 1 He verygoodatEnglish 2 MyfatherandI goingtoBeijingnextmonth 3 youondutythedaybeforeyesterday 4 Mr King inLondontwoweeksago 5 There manykindsofanimalsinthezoo 6 What thedateyesterday 7 Look Alittlegirl flyingakite 8 Who notatschoollastMonday 9 I notanurse Iworkasadoctor is are Were was are was is was am 五 动词的时态 动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式 小学阶段所学的时态有 一般现在时 work works2 现在进行时 am is areworking3 一般过去时 worked4 一般将来时 am is aregoingtoworkwillwork 一 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay make look have pass carry 二 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1 Heoften have dinnerathome 2 DanielandTommy be inClassOne 3 We notwatch TVonMonday 4 Nick notgo tothezooonSunday 5 they like theWorldCup 6 yourparents read newspaperseveryday 7 Thegirl teach usEnglishonSundays 8 SheandI take awalktogethereveryevening 现在进行时专项练习 一 写出下列动词的现在分词 run swim make begin go like write shop have sing dance put see love live take come get stop sit 二 用所给的动词的正确形式填空 1 Theboy draw apicturenow 2 Listen Somegirls sing intheclassroom 3 Mymother cook somenicefoodnow 4 What you do now 5 Look They have anEnglishlesson 动词过去式变化规则 1 一般在动词末尾加 ed 如 work worked 2 结尾是e加d 如 live lived3 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 应双写末尾的辅音字母 再加 如 stop stopped4 以 辅音字母y 结尾的 变y为i 再加 ed 如 study studied 一 用动词的适当形式填空1 It be Ben sbirthdaylastFriday 2 Weall have agoodtimelastnight 3 He jump highonlastSportsDay 4 Helen milk acowonlastFriday 5 Shelikes newspapers butshe abookyesterday read 6 they sweep theflooronSunday No they 7 I watch acartoononMonday Peter play basketballtwiceaweek 2 Doyoubelievewhathe say justnow 3 Look Thelazycat sleep inthesofa 4 There be abookandtwopensonthedesk 5 you see afilmtomorrowmorning 6 She notplay theguitaratthemoment 7 What hisfatherusually do intheevening 8 They have ameetingnextweek aren tthey 9 BothheandI be teachers 10 I notfeel verywellyesterday 11 Heputonhiscoatand go out 12 LeiFengoften help othersandhewashelpful NextSunday we clean upthepark 14 Hurry Yourmother wait foryouattheschoolgate summary plays said issleeping is Are goingtosee isn tplaying does do aregoingtohave are didn tfeel went helps aregoingtoclean iswaiting 六 介词 介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系 不能单独作句子成分 常位于名词或代词 或与之相当的其他词类 短语 从句 前面构成介词短语 介词后面的成分作介词的宾语 方位介词 in on at under to behind beside near before infrontof nextto between 时间介词 in on at after before from to past between 其它 of by with into outof for Practise 1 Look thepicture It spicture myschool 2 Thereisaschoolbuilding myschool Ithasfivefloors theschoolbuilding thereisabigplayground school thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere 3 Myclassroomis thefifthfloor It sbigandclean 4 MissLiisourclassteacher Shecomes schoolearlyeverymorning Shecomes bicycle Thenshedoesmorningexercises us Shelikessports Tomorrowisherbirthday Wewillmakeacard her Weloveherverymuch 5 Therearesomeapples thetree 6 Where syourstudy It snext mybedroom 7 Thecar thetreeisJack s 8 Theballis thedoor soyoucan tseeit 9 thehouse therearemanytrees 10 Listen Someoneisknocking thedoor 11 Thereissomethingwrong mycomputer at of in Near After on to by with for on to under behind Infrontof at with 八 形容词和副词 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词 或代词 的词 副词是用来修饰动词 形容词 其他副词以及全句的词 Heisagoodstudent 2 Thefilmisveryinteresting 3 Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike 4 LucyisolderthanHelen Theproblemisverydifficult 2 Hewrotetheletterscarefully 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 一 写出下列形容词或副词的比较级short strong big small fat thin heavy light nice good beautiful low high slow fast late early far well 二 根据句意填入单词的正确形式 1 Mybrotheristwoyears old thanme 2 Tomisas fat asJim 3 Isyoursister young thanyou Yes sheis 4 Whois thin youorHelen Helenis 5 Nancysing well thanHelen Yes she 6 Fangfangisnotas tall astheothergirls 7 Myeyesare big than she 8 Whogetsup early TimorTom 9 thegirlsgetup early thantheboys No they Practise 1 Shanghaiis thanBeijing Itis cityinourcountry large 2 Billisn tas asMike Tomis thanMike Whois ofthethreeboys old 3 Marydrawsas asBill andsheismuch thanhimatsinging well good 4 Springiscoming Theweatherisgetting and warm 5 Tom JohnandIboughtacomputereachlastweek John scomputerismuch thanTom sandmine Itis ofthethree expensive 6 Itisalittle todaythanyesterday wet 7 MrsBrownismuch thanshewastwoyearsago healthy 8 Whichdoyoulike basketball volleyball orfootball well larger thelargest old older theoldest well better warmer warmer moreexpensive themostexpensive wetter healthier best Therebe的结构 肯定句 Thereis wasa Thereare were 一般疑问句 Is Wasthere Yes thereis was No thereisn t was Arethere Yes thereare were No therearen t weren t 否定句 Thereisn t wasn t Therearen t weren t Therebe表示 存在有 即当我们告诉某人某事存在 或不存在 常用这种结构 其中there是引导词 本身无词义 be为谓语动词 后面跟的是名词 也就是主语 也就是说therebe结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用 其真正的主语在therebe之后 Therebe的结构 Some和any一般情况下 some用于肯定句中 any用于否定句中 如 Thereissomemilkinthebottle Therearen tanypicturesonthewall Isthereanythingnewintoday snewspaper 2 Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则 Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom Practise 1 There noteainthecup A isB areC hasD be2 Thereissome ontheplate A appleB breadC bananaD sandwich3 There somepaperandapenonthedesk A isB areC haveD has4 Thereissomemilkinthebottle A isn tthereB aren tthereC isn titD arethere5 Thereis oldwomaninthecar A B aC theD an A B A A D 9 There s orangetreebehind house A an theB a aC the the10 Thereis mapintheclassroom mapisonthewall A a AB the TheC a TheD the A11 Thereis f and u intheword four A an aB a aC an anD a an12 There notanywaterintheglass A hasB isC are13 There anappleandtenbananasinthebasket Youcantakeanyofthem A areB isC hasD have14 anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet A IsthereB ArethereC HasD Have15 Thereislittlewaterintheglass A isn tthereB isn titC isitD isthere16 There somewaterinthebottle A areB isC hasD have17 Howmany arethereinyourclassroom A desksB deskC chairD door A C A B B B D B A Wh 的疑问句 What 1 What sthis that 2 What syourname 3 Whatareyoudoing 4 Whatdoyoulike need 5 Whatdidyoudo 6 Whatishisjob 7 Whatdoyouusuallydoattheweekends 8 Whatareyougoingtodo 9 Whatcolourisit 10 What stheweatherlike 11 Whattimeisit What sthetime 12 Whatdayisit What sthedate 13 Whatwouldyoulike 13 Whatcanyousee 14 Whatsubjectsdoyouhavethisterm 15 Whatlessonsdoyouhaveinthemorning Wh 的疑问句 2 How 1 Howareyou 2 Howoldareyou 3 Howdowegotothepark 4 Howmanyapplescanyousee 5 Howmucharethey 6 Howabout 7 Howdoyouspendyourweekends 8 Howfar Howlong Howoften 3 Who Whoisthat Who sthatboyin with Wh 的疑问句 4 Whose 1 Whoseisthisb