辽宁省铁岭市2014高考英语 阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（12）

1 辽宁铁岭市辽宁铁岭市 20142014 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 高考英语阅读理解 短文填单词类训练题 1212 及 及 答案答案 专题一 事实细节 细节题的不同类型 1 直接信息题 对此类题型 考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词 然后以此为线索 运用略读及查阅的技 巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节 找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍 仔细比较所给选项与 文中细节的细微区别 在准确理解细节的前提下 最后确定最佳答案 He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman 国会 议员 from Baltimore During Bill Clinton s presidency he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments President Clinton then appointed him to the office of director of speechwriting Following the 2000 elections Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school s special assistant to the president for 2001 2002 2009 陕西 46 Edmonds entered the world of politics first as A news secretary for a congressman B a speechwriter for President Clinton C news secretary in the White House D a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala 2 间接信息题 做这类题目时 考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理 然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别 这 是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型 对考生来说有一定难度 例如 Kong Zi also called Confucius 551 479B C and Socrates 469 399B C lived only a hundred years apart and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas and how these ideas in turn shaped their societies 2010 江西 Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph A Socrates and Confucious had much in common B Confucious had much influence on Socrates ideas 2 C The societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas D There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece 3 数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容 此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实 有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案 具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算 月份的 计算或比例的计算等 文章中经常会出现许多数字 它们对解题产生一定的影响 解答此类 试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意 然后经过对比 分析 计算等就能够得出正确的答案 例如 2010 江苏 BORDER CROSSINGS While there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring across the border you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than 10 000 PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS 免税 ON PURCHASES AMERICANS RETURNING TO THE US Less than 48 hours 200 US 48 hours or more 800 US duty free personal exemption next 1 000 US at 3 Including up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADA Less than 24 hours 50 CAN 48 hours or more 400 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes 7 days or more 750 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes DOCUMENTATION NEEDED FOR BORDER CROSSING LAND OR SEA TO THE US INCLUDING FERRIES A valid passport or passport card or a NEXUS card 3 A NEXUS card is a Trusted Traveler Program that provides quick travel for pre approved low risk travelers through special lanes A recent Washington State New York or BC driver s license Note Children 15 years of age and younger require only a birth certificate or copy Certified copies are not required but are advised AIR TRAVEL TO THE US A valid passport an Air NEXUS card or a U S Coast Guard Merchant Marine Document 64 If a Canadian who is on a 7 day trip to New York buys 800 CAN worth of goods how much should he pay tax on when returning home A 800 CAN B 750 CAN C 400 CAN D 50 CAN 65 For an American citizen on a 2 day tour of Canada how much tax does he have to pay on 1 600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US A 24 US B 48 US C 52 US D 200 US 4 排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系 找出事件发生的正确 顺序 做这种题时可采用 首尾定位法 即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件 迅速缩 小选择范围 从而快速选出正确答案 5 图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中 有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中 有的出现在选项中 这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性 同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息 在解答此类试 题的时候 一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息 特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的 我 们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法 总之 做英语阅读理解时 考生一定要每道题目都返回原文 这是解任何题目的基础 很 多考生阅读得不了高分得最重要原因就是不返回原文定位 我们把选项和原文重叠 记住 本本主义 即与原文意思接近的 差不多的为正确答案 与原文意思相反的 或者只要 是文中未提及的都是错的 结束 4 第四部分 任务型阅读 满分 10 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 每个空格只填一个单词 I used to be the messiest person alive Over the years through watching others and by trial and error I have finally found ways to come up with plans organize them and follow through with them Make an outline of everything you need to have and do to make your plan happen Make a list of all of the steps that need to be accomplished and think about what needs to be done Detail everything thoroughly and read over it so you can start coming up with some mental solutions of how to carry out your plans You should ensure that if for some reason way one doesn t work you have way two and way three to lean back on Therefore different ways are needed at hand It s just a matter of being organized Chances are that there is always more than one way of doing things and chances are that if one of those ways doesn t work one of the other ones will Committing yourself to finishing at least part if not all of your plan at once is also necessary It will show that you not only have initiative to get things rolling but that you are interested in the results obtained with making the move to get everything done If you make a commitment to finish before a specific time make sure that you carry that out and be sure to do everything in the way you said you would within the time frame you set for yourself Don t try to tackle 处理 more things all at a time All that does is delay your progress distract you and make you lose your interest motivation and energy Carrying out an effective plan requires being as organized as possible You will only achieve this by sticking to the order of the plan and not deviating or trying to do more at a time 5 Last but not the least you should never abandon things mid project It will only annoy everyone around you including yourself Unfinished plans are a waste of time energy and in some cases even money So don t be afraid of organization The older we get the more necessary it becomes to have the skills to follow through with confidence and to be able to carry through plans in an organized and manageable way It pays to be organized after all Title Tips on how to be 1 in your life TipsDetails 2 3 down your plan List everything you need List 4 you will follow To make your plan happen Prepare three 5 ways to carry out your plan To 6 that you can have some other choices when one way doesn t work 7 to finish at least part of your plan if not all Do everything 8 your own time frame To show yourself you are determined to get things started and caring about the results Do one thing at once Stick to the order of your plan To save your interest motivation and energy Finish what you have started To get your plan 9 out thoroughly 10 You shouldn t be afraid of organization because it s really worthwhile 6 参考答案 结束 高考任务型阅读解题技巧 高考考点分析 概括大意型阅读最早由上海使用 2010 年陕西省也开始引用该题型 该题型是由六个选项和五个段落构成 需要判断段落主题的 5 个段落 通常段落长度 在 4 5 行之间 指定的段落中有些段落含有明显的主题句 有些段落没有明显的主题句 段 落主题需要考生自己总结概括 解题技巧 一 解题方向 该题型的文章由若干段落组成 要求给每段话归纳段落大意 意即找出该段的中心思 想或主旨 本题不是让考生写出每段的段落大意 而是要求从列表中选择 选项设置的数目 多于文章中的段落数目 也就是说有干扰选项 对于短文进行概括是一个获取信息 加工信息的过程 需要严谨的思维和准确的表达 能力 而且要使用自己的语言来表达 因此 概括短文的内容要点 实为客观简要地转述 作者的观点 论据和结论 二 解题步骤 每个选项最多只能用一次 也就是说 两个段落的段落大意不可能是一个选项 这是 因为不同段落的主题肯定不同 原文将它们为不同的段落 就是要分别说明不同的内容 在解题时 可以按照下列步骤 1 先看选项 寻找关键词 确定所考段落 这样做题的好处有两点 1 organized2 Purposes3 Write4 steps 5 different6 ensure7 Promise8 within 9 carried10 Conclusion 7 1 寻找选项关键词 它有可能与某段的核心词重合 如果重合 那该选项就可能是正 确答案 2 读文章的时候 不要一下子把文章读完 而是读一段话 做一道题 假如原文的第 一段的小标题已找到 那么 先读第二段 然后到选项列表中找该段的小标题 然后再读第 三段 同样处理 直到完成 这样做 不仅速度快 而且准确率高 2 细读每段话 抓主题句和核心词汇 由于正确答案常常是主题句的改写 读每段话时 并不是该段话全部都要细读 这样 既浪费时间 也不容易抓住重点 应该抓住该段话的主题句 先读该段话的第一句 然后 与选项列表中的各选项一一对比 确定正确答案 正确答 案一般是该句话的改写 据统计我们发现主题句分布比例如下 段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过 50 段落的主题句在第二句的可能性超过 20 段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过 20 也就是说 按照上述方法做这种题型 读完该段话的第一句 就能在选项列表中找出该 段话的小标题 这种可能性超过 50 整段话读完的可能性不超过 10 这个做题的方法不仅有统计数据的依据 还有理论基础 英文的段落展开方法比较简单 主要有两种 演绎法及归纳法 凡主题句在第一句或第二句 都是演绎法 归纳法是指由例 子及论据观点 所以主题句在该段的最后一句 70 左右的段落是用演绎法写的 而且其中 绝大部分主题句在第一句 20 左右的段落是用归纳法写的 介绍这种抓主题句的方法 就是首先认为段落是用演绎法写的 而且主题句在第一句 按照第一句的意思 在列表中确定答案 如果选项列表中有一项与这句话的意思相同 即可 认为是正确答案 如果不能确定再一次读该段的第二句和最后一句 再与列表中的选项一一 对比确定答案 实践证明这种方法不仅节省时间 而且正确率很高 3 某段话的答案确定后 将它的选项从列表中划去 每个选项最多只能用一次 所以 一段话的答案确定后 将它的选项从列表中划去 以 免误选为其它段落的小标题 而且在选其它段落的答案时 可以不看该选项 以节省时间 4 如果答案不确定 先将可能正确的选项全部选出 如果一个段落原答案不确定 应将它们先都选出来 写在题目旁边 再往下做 这样做 的好处是 下面某一段落的答案确定后 便能推出上面段落的答案来 因此不可能两个段落 的小标题是一个选项 例如 第二段答案可能是 D 或 B 但是你能够确定第四段的答案时 8 D 所以第二段的答案就是 B 了 即使第二段后面各段的 Heading 都不是 D 或 B 最后在确定 第二段的 Heading 时 也是从 D 和 B 中选择一个 5 干扰选项的特点是段落中未展开详细的说明 作为干扰选项出现的常常是段落中提到的细节 但我们要找的是段落主旨 这更说明了 做这种题要抓住段落的主题句 而不是整个段落全看 否则 特别容易受到干扰选项的误导 6 如果主题句比较复杂 如复合句 应该重点看主句部分 有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句 如果理解有困难 应集中精力看主句部分 正确答案应 来自主句 结束 任务型阅读任务型阅读 共共 1010 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 1 分 满分分 满分 1010 分分 认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 每个空格只填 1 个单词 请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上 Many students eat their breakfasts on the way to school or in the dinning room But some of them don t really know how to eat well when eating out Here is some important advice The first is to eat less fast food The most obvious harm of eating too much fast food is weight gaining because of too much fat Young people and adults are at risk of disease related to weight Too much fast food can drag your body down French fries for example were recently found to contain much more acryl amide 丙烯酰胺 than other food This may cause cancer Actually deep fried food all contains acryl amide So don t eat it too often Soda is another thing you should watch out for Cokes and other sodas contain a lot of sugar and can slow down a person s calcium absorption so it s best to drink as little soda as possible Food in the dinning room may not be as tasty as fast food but it s actually easier to make healthy choices Human bodies need variety You can have a dinner that balances lean protein