初中定语从句

定语从句定语从句 一 定义定义 定义从句 在复合句中 修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句 先行词 被修饰的名词或者代词 关系词 连接主句和定语从句的连接词 1 分类 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词 关系代词 who whom whose that which 关系副词 when where why 2 功能作用 第一 连接主句和从句 第二 指代先行词 第三 充当从句的句子成分 二 定语从句的结构定语从句的结构 定语从句必须位于先行词之后 即 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句 e g He said he couldn t understand people who talk fast 主句 先行词 关系词 定从 三 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 1 常规用法 关系代词指代充当从句成分例句 who人主语 宾语 I love the singers who sing words clearly 做主语 She is the person who I met yesterdayt 作宾语 whom人宾语 She is the person whom I met yesterdayt 作动词宾语 She is the person for whom you should wait 作介词宾语 which物主语 宾语 I love the book which are written by Lu Xun 做主语 The story which he told was very interesting 作动词宾语 that人 物主语 宾语 I love the book that are written by Lu Xun 指物 作主语 The story that he told was very interesting 指物 作宾语 I love the singers that sing words clearly 指人 做主语 She is the person that I met yesterdayt 指人 作宾语 whose人 物定语 Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗 常表达 某人的 某物的 之意 要点提示 要点提示 1 1 关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可以省略 关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可以省略 例如 This is the book which you were looking for yesterday 这就是你昨天找的那本书 I don t like the novel that you are reading 我不喜欢你看的这本小说 Who is the man whom you re talking about 你们谈论的那个人是谁 2 2 定语从句中 关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数 定语从句中 关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数 例如 Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon 先行词 Those 是复数 关系代词 who 也就看作是复数 所以从句的谓语动词 就用了复数形式 are 了 请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检 This is the magazine which was sent to me by post 先行词 the magazine 是单数 关系代词 which 也就看作是单数 所以从句的 谓语动词就用了单数形式 was sent 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志 2 关系词只能用 that 的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词 最高级时最高级时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定代词时等不定代词时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时等词修饰时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清 楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以以 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复为避免重复 只能用只能用 that 例如例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是主句是 there be 结构结构 修饰主语的定语从句用修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 3 关系词只能用 which 而不用 that 的情况 a 先行词为先行词为 that those 时时 用用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时 一般用一般用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 用用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 四 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间指时间 其先行词表示时间其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点指地点 其先行词表示地点其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如在句中作地点状语 例如 This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因指原因 其先行词是原因其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学 总迟到 I 单项填空 单项填空 1 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A he B who C which D whom 2 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 3 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 4 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it C that you bought it D which you bought it 5 Anyone with what I said may put up you hands A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 6 My watch is not the only thing is missing A that B it C which who 7 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who s B whose C that of which 8 The girl is reading under the tree my sister A which is B whom was C who is D who was 9 I love places the people are really friendly A that B which C where D who 10 The world is made up of matter A in that we live B on which we live C where we live in D we live in 用适当的关系代词用适当的关系代词 that which who whom 填空 填空 1 The first thing you must do is to have a meal 2 April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day i