高中英语 模块八第二单元语法讲解及练习 牛津版选修8

专心 爱心 用心1 高考英语语法高考英语语法 省略与替代省略与替代 一 并列句中的省略 在并列句中 第二分句 或第三 第四分句 往往可以省略与前句相同的成分 如 Some books are to be tasted others are to be swallowed and some few are to be chewed and digested 二 简单句中的省略 1 省略主语 1 祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如 You Be seated please 2 其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法 如 I Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助 It Doesn t matter 没关系 2 省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 如 There is No smoking 禁止吸烟 Is there Anything else 还有其他事吗 You come This way please 请这边走 Will you Have a smoke 吸支烟 What do you think about a cup of tea 来一杯怎么样 Why do you not say hello to him 为什么不和他说声再见呢 3 省略宾语 如 Do you know Miss Gao 你认识高小姐吗 I don t know her 我不认识 Which of them is the better choice 他们中谁是更合适的人选 Well it s hard to tell it 哟 这很难说 4 省略表语 如 Are you thirsty 你渴吗 Yes I am thirsty 是的 我渴 5 同时省略几个成分 如 Are you feeling better now 你觉得好些吗 I am feeling Much better now 好多了 Have you finished your work 你完成工作了吗 I have Not finished my work yet 还没有 I wish Good luck to you 祝你顺利 6 其他一些省略结构 1 名词所有格所修饰的名词 若表示住宅 店铺 教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时 常常可以省略 如 We spent the weekend at the Blacks 2 what 和 how 引导的感叹句中 常可省略主语 it 和 be 动词 如 What a wonderful victory it is for Wilma How wonderful it was to be treated like a normal child even when I was bad 3 不定式省略 单独使用不定式符号 to 代替动词不定式后被省略的动词 常在 be afraid expect forget hope intend like love mean prefer refuse seem try wand wish 等后边 如 I asked him to see the film but he didn t want to 专心 爱心 用心2 在 have need ought be going used 等后 如 I didn t want to go there but I had to 在某些形容词 glad happy pleased delighted 等后 如 Will you join in the game I d be glad to 否定形式的省略用 not to 如 Shall I go instead of him I prefer not to 如果不定式中含有 be have have been 通常保留 be have 和 have been 如 Are you a sailor No but I used to be He hasn t finished yet Well he ought to have 三 复合句中的省略 1 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 that which whom 常可以省略 当先行词是 time reason place 时作状语的 关系副词 when why where 也可以省去 如 This is the first time when he had trouble with the boss 2 当 wh 疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时 可以把重复的内容省去 而保留 wh 疑问词 如 Tom was sad but I don t know why he was sad 3 状语从句中的省略现象 一般来说 省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中 由 when while as before after till until once 等引导的时间状语从句 由 if unless whether 等 引导的条件状语从句 由 though although even if whatever 等引导的让步状语从句 由 as than 引导的让步状语从句 由 as as if as though 方式状语从 句 上述状语从句在省略时 并不是任何成分都可以省略 而是遵循一定的原则 1 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时 可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词 be 这时从句中可出现如下结构 连词 as as if once 名词 Once he was a teacher he now works in a government office 连词 though whether when 形容词 Work hard when you are young or you ll regret 连词 whether as if while 介词短语 He looked everywhere as if he was in search of something 连词 when while though 现在分词 While I was walking along the street I heard my name called 连词 when if even if unless once until than as 过去分词 The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected 连词 as if as though 不定式 He opened his lips as if he were to speak 注意 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时 间或也有这样的省略 Her father told her to be careful when she was crossing the street 2 当从句中的主语是 it 谓语动词中又含有系统动词 be 时 可以把 it 和系动词 be 一起省略 此时构成连词 if unless when whenever 形容词的结构 如 Unless it is necessary you d better not refer to the dictionary 另外 我们还可以用 so 或 not 代替上文内容 此时可有 if so not 省略句式 专心 爱心 用心3 Get up early tomorrow If not you don t get up early you will miss the first bus He may not be at home then if so he is not at home leave him a note 替 代 一 so 和 not 作替代词 代替被省略的某个词 词组或句子 一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用 作 be afraid believe become all do expect fear hope imagine say see speak suppose think 等的 宾语 Not 代替否定的句子 还可放在 perhaps probably absolutely 等副词后 如 She was not angry at first but became so angry after a while Is he the best student in the class I think so He is best student in the class I think not He is not the best student in the class 二 替代的应用 1 So 可以放在句首或句尾 但若谓语动词是 see notice hear 等 则只能放在句首 如 I believe say think so So I believe say think He is absent today So I see hear notice 2 在表示肯定或怀疑意义的句中不可用 so 如 误 I doubt so 正 I doubt it 3 在 ask 和 know 之后也不用 so 如 误 Why do you ask so 正 Why do you ask that 4 do so 一般只用替代动态动词 不替代静态动词 如 She said she would go with me but she didn t do so Alice feels better today I think she does So she does 但不可说 I think she does so 基础训练 1 2003 春季全国高考题 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction A seeing B having C to have seen D to see 2 2002 全国高考题 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment I will always treasure A that B one C it D what 3 I often think of my childhood during I lived on my uncle s farm A which B when C where D who 4 May I help you with some shoes sir Yes I d like to try on those white A one B ones C two D pair 5 Here are four choices which do you think is the best A choices B that C ones D 6 What s the difference between the first house and the second The first one has a garage while the second has A nothing B none C no one D neither 7 Have you ever been to Shanghai A Not yet B Haven t C Yet not D Still not 8 Don t forget to come to my birthday party A I don t B I won t C I don t forget D I won t forget 专心 爱心 用心4 9 Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning I ll be as early as a bird A OK I will B I m afraid 1 can C Of course not D No I will 10 What s the matter with you I didn t pass the test but 1 still A hope so B hope to C hope it D hope that 11 Is she really ill She s in hospital A I hope so B I m sure C 1 don t think so D I m afraid so 12 I am happy if you A happy B are C will D be 13 I say it is your turn to be on duty today A Mine B I C Myself D Me 14 Don t come in unless A inviting B inviting to C invited to D being invited to 15 I usually go there by train Why not by boat for a change A to try going B try to go C to try and go D try going 16 The doctor did what he could the boy but in vain A save B to save C saving D saved 17 He spent most of his spare time novels A to read B reading C to reading D for reading 18 All the girl want do is stay at home and study hard A to B to to C to D either B or C 19 Why did you take a taxi I I was late A have to B have to do C had to D had to do 20 Why didn t you do your homework yesterday But sir A I did so B I didn t do it C I didn t forget D I did do it 21 He is very famous here so we had no trouble him yesterday A to find B finding C found D in founding 22 How often do they give the concert A For twice a month B In twice a month C Twice a month D Twice month 23 He is not his sister but A taller than stronger B so tall as strong C taller than is stronger D as tall as stronger 24 You look happy today Mary I like my new dress and Mother too A likes B does C is D do 25 What do you think made Mary so upset her new bicycle A As she lost B Lost C Losing D Because of losing 26 Who s got all my money He A does B is C was D has 27 The children are made twelve hours a day A to work B work C working D worked 28 We often hear him English songs A to sing B sing C singing D to be singing 29 I m very busy preparing for the exam so I can t help the house work A doing B do C did D done 30 What doctors can do is people s life A save B saving C to save D A or C 31 Although to stop he kept on working 专心 爱心 用心5 A tell B told C was told D having told 32 Ask him to take you home possible A at B while C if D if they 33 The English book for kids is the best of its kind A that has ever been made B ever made C ever been made D has ever been made 34 Will Susan win the Nobel Prize this time It is likely that she A will B does C will do D wins it 35 I prefer the climate of Kunming to of Wuhan A it B one C this D that 36 Mr Black has just arrived Really He didn t accept our invitation A I can t imagine it B 1 don t think so C I hope so D I don t believe him 37 They live on a busy main road must be very noisy A There B It C That D They 38 We don t go to the cinema as much as A we used to go B we used to do C used to D we used to 39 Canada has a large area than China A that of B the one of C it of D 40 I ll have a letter sent to your company A If necessary B If it were necessary C As I m necessary D Unless it is necessary 41 Shall I invite Mike to my party Yes it will be nice if you A do B do invite C are D invite 42 Have you been here long A No not very B Not much C Yes only little D No only yesterday 43 Do you follow me Yes A it is good B I will C perfectly D very good 44 Look out for cars the street A when crossed B when crossing C if you crossed D while you are crossing 45 She worked very hard still rather poor in health A though she B although she C though D although was 46 Is the stamp very unusual A Yes very much B Yes it is so C Yes very D Yes not very 47 Can you climb that tree my boy A I B Mine C Myself D Me 48 Will you waste your time and money on that Certainly A I not B no C won t D not 49 What happened to the boy He s making so much noise He wanted to play football but his mother warned him A not B to C not to D 不填 50 Shall I wake you up tomorrow morning Yes A please do B you shall C you will D you may 51 You have three children but I have only two A one B ones C D child 52 Mary said the lecture was boring Yes I said A that B this C the kind D the same 53 Alice why didn t you do it the day before I but I had an unexpected visitor A had B would C was going to D does 专心 爱心 用心6 54 Do you need a new tie to go with your new suit Mr Smith No A I m having plenty of ties B I have lots of ties to do it C I think I have several that will do D There are lots of ties to do it 55 Are you a film star A Yes I was B I used to be C I used to D I m used to 56 I ll be away on a business trip Would you mind looking after my cat Not at all A I ve no time B I d rather not C I d like it D I d be happy to 57 I m going to dig it up What A with B by C at D from 58 Frightened by the noise in the night the gir