情态动词讲解-练习题和答案

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法 态度等 但不能单独作谓语 只能和其他动词原形构成 谓语 1 can could 1 表示能力 could 主要指过去时间 例如 Two eyes can see more than one 两只眼比一只眼看得清 Could the girl read before she went to school 这女孩上学前能识字吗 因为 can 不能和其他助动词连用 所以表示将来式时用 will be able to 例 You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times 注意 注意 Can 表示一贯的能力 be able to 表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力 I can t swim But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing The fire spread through the hotel but everyone was able to get out 2 表示允许 例如 Can I have a look at your new pen 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗 He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room 他问他可不可以把 书带出阅览室 3 表惊异 怀疑 不相信等态度 主要用于否定句 疑问句或感叹句中 例如 Where can could they have gone to 他们会去哪儿了呢 How can you be so careless 你怎么这么粗心 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作 You could have completed the task a little earlier 你本来能早点完成任务的 但事实上并没有提前完成任务 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes 我本可以轻易通过考试 但我犯了太多不该犯的错误 如表具体做某一件事的能力时 则须用如表具体做某一件事的能力时 则须用 be able to He was able to translate the article without a dictionary 他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章 2 may might 1 表允许 might 可以指过去时间 也可指现在时间 语气更委婉 例如 You may take whatever you like 你喜欢什么就拿什么 May Might I ask for a photo of your baby 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗 2 在回答以 may 引起的问句时 多避免用这个词 而用其它方式 如 Yes please Certainly Please don t You d better not No you mustn t 等 以免显得太严峻或不客气 3 may might 推测性用法 可能 He may be right He may not come today 可能不 He may might come tomorrow 注意 1 只用于肯定和否定句中 不用于疑问句中 2 might 比 may 可能性更小 He might get a job He may get a job 3 may not 可能不 can not 不可能 He may not come He can t come 4 表建议 可和 as well 连用 You may might as well stay where you are 你还是原地待着好 may as well 有 还是 的好 的含义 5 表祝愿 May you be happy 6 might 表过去的 可能 和 允许 多用于间接引语 She said that he might take her dictionary 她说他可以拿她的词典去用 除在间接引语中外 除在间接引语中外 might 一般不表示过去的一般不表示过去的 可能可能 与与 许可许可 表过去的 表过去的 可能可能 可用可用 could 表过去的 表过去的 许可许可 可用可用 were was allowed to 7 might 表现在的现在的 可能可能 其可能性要比 may 小 Electric irons could be dangerous they might give you a severe shock 8 may might have done 表示对过去发生行为的推测 含有 想必 也许是 的意思 It may have been true 这事也许是真的 He might not have settled the question 他可能尚未解 决那个问题 3 must 1 表示义务 意为 必须 主观意志 例如 We must do everything step by step 我们必须按部就班地做一切事情 Why must you always bother me 为什么你偏要打扰我呢 2 must be 表语的结构 通常表示猜测 含有 一定 之意 只用在肯定句中 He must be an honest boy 他一定是个诚实的男孩 This must be your room 这一定是你的房间 3 must 的否定式有两个 当回答由 must 引起的问题时 否定答复要用 needn t 或 don t have to 表示 不必 无须 用不着 不一定 的意义 当表示 不应该 不许可 禁止 时 就用 must not Must I go tomorrow 明天我必须去吗 Yes please No you needn t 4 must have 过去分词的结构 常用在肯定句中 表示对过去发生行为的推测 含有 一 定 准是 的意思 否定和疑问句用 can She must have studied English before 她以前一定学过英语 5 区别 have to 的含义与 must 是很接近的 只是 have to 比较强调客观需要 must 着重说 明主观看法 I must clean the room 主观想法 I have to clean the room 客观需要 另外 have to 能用于更多时态 We had to be there at ten 我们得在十点钟到那里 We will have to reconsider the whole thing have to 的否定式 don t have to do 表示 不必做 之意 4 shall 1 表征询意见 用于第一 第三人称疑问句 例如 Shall I get you some tea 我给你点茶好吗 Shall the boy wait outside 让那男孩在外面等吗 2 表说话人的意愿 有 命令 允诺 警告 决心 等意思 用于第二 第三人称陈述句 例如 You shall do as I say 按我说的做 命令 You shall have my answer tomorrow 你明天可以得到我的答复 允诺 He shall be sorry for it one day I tell you 有一天他会后悔的 我告诉你 警告 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划 决心 5 should 1 用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿 但语气较委婉温和 如 What should we do now 我们现在该怎么办 2 表示应该 必须 常与 must 换用 例如 We should must master a foreign language at least 3 表示不确定 万一 例如 If I should see him I ll tell him 万一我见到他 我就告诉他 If it should rain tomorrow the sports meeting would be postponed 万一明天下雨 4 should be 表语 的结构 表示推测或惊奇 例如 They should be back by now 他们现在应该回来了吧 I am sorry that she should be so careless 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心 5 should have 过去分词 的结构 表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为 其否定则 表示发生了不应该发生的行为 其同义结构 ought to have 过去分词 表示过去 早应该 本当 之意 语气较强 例如 I should have thought of that 这一点我是应当想到的 但没想到 They should not have left so soon 他们不应当走得这么早 但已走了 6 在 It is natural strange natural necessary surprised impossible important that 句型 中 主语从句中的谓语动词要用 should 动词原形 表示 理所当然 奇怪 必要 惊异 等的意思 在 lest 以免 for fear that 以防 in case 以备万一 等之后也要用 should 动词原形 在 advise sugest order demand request 等的从句中 should do 例如 It is necessary that he should be sent there at once It is strange that he should say so 他会说这样的话真是奇怪 6 will 和 would 的用法 1 表示意志 决心或愿望 例如 Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace He would not let me try it 他不肯让我去试 2 will 表示经常性 习惯性 倾向性 would 表示过去的习惯行为 He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by He would come to see me when he was in Beijing 3 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中 表示对对方的请求 would 的语气比 will 委碗 Would will you kindly tell me the way to the station 请问到火车站怎么走 4 表可能性 This will be the book you are looking for 这可能就是你要找的书 She would be about 60 when she died 7 ought to 表义务 意为 应该 因责任 义务等该做 口气比 should 稍轻 例如 You are his father You ought to take care of him 你是他父亲 应当管他 You oughtn t to smoke so much 你不应该抽这么多烟 8 used to 1 表示过去的习惯动作或状态 现在不复发生或存在 疑问式和否定式有两种 例如 i There used to be a building at the street corner but it has been pulled down I usedn t didn t use to smoke 我过去不抽烟 j F Used you Did you use to go to school on foot 你过去常步行去学校吗 2 used to v be used to v ing 和 be used to v used to v 意为 过去常常 过去一直 be used to v ing n 名词 意为 习惯于 be used to v 意为 被用来 做某事 例 He used to smoke Now he doesn t He s quite used to hard work working hard The knife is used to cut bread 9 特殊情态动词 need 和 dare 的用法 need 和 dare 既可用作情态动词 也可用作实义动词 用作情态动词时 主要用于否定句和 疑问句 用作实义动词时 可用于各种句式 need 情态动词 实义动词 现在时You need not do He need not do You don t need to do He needs doesn t need to do 过去时You needed didn t need to do He needed didn t need to do 将来时You need not do He need not do You will not need to do He will not need to do dare 情态动词 实义动词 现在时 dare to daren t dare not do Dare he do dare dares to do do does not dare to do Do you Does he dear to do 过去时dared to dared not do Dared he do dared to do did not dare to do Did he dare to do 1 用作情态动词 例如 You needn t telephone him now She dare not go out alone at night 她晚上不敢一个人出去 2 用作实义动词 例如 You don t need to do it yourself I dare say he ll come again 我想他会再来 I dare say 为固定 二 情态动词表推测 1 can 表示可能 理论上或是逻辑判断上 例如 K He can t couldn t have enough money for a new car 他不可能有足够的钱买新车 You mustn t smoke while you re walking around in the wood You could start a fire 在林子 里走时勿吸烟 那样可能会引起火灾 2 may 表可能 事实上 可以指过去时间 也可以指现在时间 但语气更加不肯定 He may be at home 他可能在家 She may not know about it 3 must 表示揣测 意为 想必 准是 一定 等 只用于肯定句 He must be ill He looks so pale 他准是病了 他的脸色苍白 She s wearing a diamond necklace She must have a lot of money 4 should 表推测 意为 想必一定 照说应该 估计 等 例如 The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors 这部新电影是一流演员主演 的 估计拍得很好 They should be home by now 照说他们现在应当已经到家了 5 ought to 表推测 暗含很大的可能 语气较弱 例如 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number 韩梅该知道他的电话号码 There s a fine sunset it ought to be a fine day tomorrow 今天有晚霞 明天应该是个好天 6 could 可能性不大 语气较弱 7 might 可能性最小 语气最弱 表示可能性大小的顺序为 表示可能性大小的顺序为 must will would ought to should can could may might 7 would rather would sooner would just as soon had rather had better had sooner can not but may just as well 等可用作情态动词 例如 1 The soldier would sooner die than surrender The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy I d rather walk than take a bus If you don t like to swim you may just as well stay at home 2 would had rather would had sooner would just as soon 后可跟 that 引导的从句 that 常省去 从句要用虚拟语气 对现在和将来的假设用过去时 对过去的假设用过去完成时 例如 I would rather you came on Sunday I would sooner you hadn t asked me to speak yesterday 8 表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句 He must may be in the room isn t he He can t be in the room is he He must have finished the work hasn t he He may have done the work last night didn t he 结构 结构 1 情态动词 动词原形 对现在和将来的动作进行推测 He must understand that we mean business 2 情态动词 be doing 对正在发生的动作进行推测 Where is LiLei He may be studying at school 3 情态动词 have done 对过去的动作进行推测 must have done 一定干了某事 could have done 可能干了某是或本可以干了某事 may might have done 也许已经干了某事 should ought to have done 本应该做了某事可是没 有做 need not have done 本不必干了某事 表示过去做了某事 但没有做的必要 意为 本没必 要 You needn t have waken me up I don t have to go to work today had better have done 最好干了某事 would rather have done 宁愿干了某事 would like love have done 本想干了某事其实未干 Since the road is wet it must have rained last night 备注 备注 态动词 have done 反义问句的结构由有无时间状语来决定 Lucy must have worked last night didn t she Lucy must have worked hasn t she 4 情态动词 have been v ing 形式 表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在 进行 They should have been meeting to discuss the problem 三 情态动词其它用法 1 cannot but do sth 表示不得不 只好 I cannot but choose to go 2 may well 动词原形 完全能 很可能 He may well be proud of his son 3 may as well 最好 We may as well stay where we are 4 cannot 或 never 等否定词 与 enough 表示再 也不为过 You cannot be careful enough 情态动词练习题 1 Jack described his father who a brave boy many years ago as a strong willed man A would be B would have been C must be D must have been 2 You buy a gift but you can if you want to A must B mustn t C have to D don t have to 3 I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A Must B Can C May D Will 4 I have watched that movie it ll give me horrible dreams A shouldn t B needn t C couldn t D mustn t 5 Mark have hurried After driving at top speed he arrived half an hour early A needn t B wouldn t C mustn t D couldn t 6 I take the book out I m afraid not A Will B May C Must D Need 7 Just be patient You expect the world to change so soon A can t B needn t C may not D whether 8 I haven t got the reference book yet but I ll have a test on the subject next month Don t worry You have it by Friday A could B shall C must D may 9 May I take this book out of the reading room No you You read it in here A mightn t B won t C needn t D mustn t 10 Doctors say that exercise is important for health but it be regular exercise A can B will C must D may 11 Good morning I ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department Ah good morning You be Mrs Peters A might B must C would D Can 12 You have a wrong number she said There s no one of that name here A need B can C must D would 13 Sorry Professor Smith I didn t finish the assignment yesterday Oh you have done it as yesterday was the deadline A must B mustn t C should D shouldn t 14 Bob would have helped us yesterday but he A was busy B is busy C had been busy D will be busy 15 John went to the hospital alone If he me about it I would have gone with him A should tell B tells C told D had told 16 George is going to talk about the geography of his country but I d rather he more on its culture A focus B focused C would focus D had focused 17 If we the other road we might have arrived here in time for the meeting A take B had taken C took D have taken 18 The weather has been very hot and dry Yes If it had rained even a drop things would be much better now And my vegetables A wouldn t die B didn t die C hadn t died D wouldn t have died 19 Had I known about this computer program a huge amount of time and energy A would have been saved B had been saved C will be saved D was saved 20 It s the office So you know eating is not allowed here Oh sorry A must B will C may D need 21 What do you mean there are only ten tickets There be twelve A should B would C will D shall 22 I don t care what people think Well you A could B would C should D might 23 I can t find my purse anywhere You have lost it while shopping A may B can C should D would 24 It is usually warm in my hometown in March but it be rather cold sometimes A must B can C should D would 25 How s your tour around the North Lake Is it beautiful It be but it is now heavily polluted A will B would C should D must 26 What s the name Khulaifi I spell that for you A Shall B Would C Can D Might 27 John look at the time you play the piano at such a late hour A Must B Can C May D Need 28 Catherine I have cleaned the room for you Thanks You it I could manage it myself A needn t do B needn t have done C mustn t do D shouldn t have done 29 I ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow You her last week A ought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told 30 Excuse me Is this the right way to the Summer Palace Sorry I am not sure But it be A might B will C must D can 1 D 考查情态动词推测用法 句意为 杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人 他的 父亲多年前肯定很勇敢 用 must have been 表示对过去事情的肯定推测 2 D 情态动词 don t have to 意为 没有必要 符合语境 句意为 你没有必要买礼物 但如果你想买的话 你也可以买 3 A 考察情态动词的用法 must 必须 一定 can 可以 能够 may 也许 will 意愿 倾向性 动作 前半句说我告诉你事实了 这里用的是现在完成时 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影 响 既然我已经说了 我还必须重复一遍吗 4 A 本题考查情态动词的用法 句意应为 我本来不应该看那部电影的 它会使我做噩梦 的 表示 本来不应该做而做了某事 用 shouldn t have done 所以 A 项正确 5 A 考查情态动词 迈克本来不必要那么忙的 这么高速驾驶之后 他早半个小时到达了 根据后面的语境 提前半个小时到达 说明 Mark 本来不必那么匆忙 所以用 needn t have done 结构 表示 本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了 6 B 考查情态动词 表请求可用情态动词 can may could might 表允许用 can may 句意为 我可以将这本书带出去吗 恐怕不行 故应选表情请求的情态动词 may 7 A 耐心一点儿 你不能期望世界变化如此快 通过选项此题考察情态动词 can t 在否定 句中可以表示推测 译为不可能 可以表示能力 译为不能够 也可以表示命令 不允许 但是语气比 mustn t 弱 具有劝慰的意思 根据句意此题中选择 A can t 表示劝慰 8 B shall 在第二人称中表示允诺 还可以表示强制 命令 威胁 警告 还有在法律条 文中的要求或规定 9 D 情态动词 英语中用 could might 表示询问或征求意见的问句中 肯定性应答 要用 can 或 may 来代替 could 或 might 而 may 或 might 征求意见的问句否定应答时要用 mustn t 故本题选 D 10C 句意 医生说锻炼对身体重要 但是必须是有规律的锻炼 考查情态动词 Can 一般 表示 可能 或能力 will 表示 意志 may 表示 许可 可能 must 表示 必须 11 B 本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用 第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约 那下面的人 就回应说 那您一定就是 Mrs Peters 了 因此排除 A C D 12 C 情态动词 13 C 本题考查的是虚拟语气 此处表示