高一英语 Unit 2 Friendship （2）素材（含教案和练习） 冀教版必修1

用心 爱心 专心 1 高一英语必修高一英语必修 1 1 冀教版 素材 含教案和练习 冀教版 素材 含教案和练习 UnitUnit 2 2 FriendshipFriendship 2 2 一 教学内容 Unit 2 Friendship II 二 语法讲解 I 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 Attributive Clauses 被修饰的名词 或代词叫先行词 定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引出 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中 担任句子成分 关系代词有 who whom whose that which 关系副词有 when where why 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词 并在句中充当主语 宾语 定语等 成分 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 who whom that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词 在从句中所起作用如下 Is he the man who that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗 who that 在从句中作主语 He is the man whom that I saw yesterday 他就是我昨天见的那个人 whom that 在从句中作宾语 whose 用来指人或物 只用作定语 若指物 它还可以同 of which 互换 例如 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down 那人车坏了 大家都跑过去帮忙 Please pass me the book whose of which the cover is green 请递给我那本绿皮的书 which that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词 在从句中可作主语 宾语等 例如 A prosperity which that had never been seen before appears in the countryside 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣 which that 在句中作宾语 The package which that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped 你拿的包快散了 which that 在句中作宾语 2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间 地点或理由的名词 在从句中作状语 when where why 关系副词 when where why 的含义相当于 介词 which 结构 因此常常和 介词 which 结构交替使用 例如 There are occasions when on which one must yield 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候 Beijing is the place where in which I was born 北京是我的出生地 用心 爱心 专心 2 Is this the reason why for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 注意 先行词表示地点或时间时 有时用 where 或 when 有时用 that which 引导定语 从句 这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的 如果是及物的就用 that which 否则用 where 或 when 例如 This is the house where he lived last year 这是他去年住过的房子 This is the house that which he visited last year 这是去年他参观过的房子 I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing 我想起了我在北京呆过的快乐日子 I have never forgotten the day which we spent together 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子 that 代替关系副词 that 可以用于表示时间 地点 方式 理由的名词后取代 when where why 和 介词 which 引导的定语从句 在口语中 that 常被省略 例如 His father died the year that when in which he was born 他父亲在他出生那年去世了 He is unlikely to find the place that where in which he lived forty years ago 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方 I don t like the way that in which he talked to his mother 我不喜欢他同他母亲说话的方式 3 限制性和非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去掉 它主句意思往往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句的 意思 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 例如 This is the house which we bought last month 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子 限制性 The house which we bought last month is very nice 这幢房子很漂亮 是我们上个月买的 非限制性 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时 其后的定语从句通常是非限制 性的 例如 Charles Smith who was my former teacher retired last year 查理 史密斯去年退休了 他曾经是我的老师 My house which I bought last year has got a lovely garden 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园 This novel which I have read three times is very touching 这本小说很动人 我已经读了三遍 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语动词要 用第三人称单数 例如 He seems not to have grasped what I meant which greatly upsets me 他似乎没抓住我的意思 这使我心烦 Liquid water changes to vapor which is called evaporation 用心 爱心 专心 3 液态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸发 说明 关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句 4 介词 关系词 介词后面的关系词不能省略 that 前不能有介词 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同关系副词 when 和 where 互换 例如 This is the house in which I lived two years ago This is the house where I lived two years ago 这是我两年前住过的房子 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club 你是否记得我们加入俱乐部的那一天 5 as 引导的限定性定语从句 as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句 并在从句中作主语 表语或状语 构成 the same as such as 等结构 例如 I like the same book as you do as 作宾语 我和你一样 喜欢同一本书 I shall do it in the same way as you did as 作状语 我会用和你同样的方式去做的 I want to have such a dictionary as he has as 作宾语 我想和他一样有一本这样的字典 as 引导非限定性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作主语 表语或宾语 这个定语从句说 明整个句子 可以放在主句之前 例如 As we all know he studies very hard as 代表整个句子 作宾语 他学习非常用功 正如我们大家都知道的 As is known to all he is the best student in our class as 代表整个句子 作 主语 众所周知 他是我们班最好的学生 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有 as is said above as is already mentioned above as is known to all as it is as is often the case as is reported in the newspaper 等 6 as which 非限定性定语从句 由 as which 引导的非限定性定语从句 as 和 which 可代整个主句 相当于 and this 或 and that as 一般放在句首 which 在句中 例如 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health 正如我们所知 吸烟有害健康 The sun heats the earth which is very important to us 太阳加热地球 这对我们非常重要 典型例题 a Alice received an invitation from her boss came as a surprise A it B that C which D he 解析 答案 C 此为非限定性从句 不能用 that 修饰 而用 which it 和 he 都使后 用心 爱心 专心 4 句成为句子 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接 况且选 he 句意不通 b The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A what B which C that D it 解析 答案 B which 可代替句子 用于非限定性定语从句 而 what 不可 that 不能 用于非限定性定语从句 it 不为连词 使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不 通 c It rained hard yesterday prevented me from going to the park A that B which C as D it 解析 答案 B as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时 这两个关系代词都指主句所表 达的整个意思 且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语 但不同之处主要有两点 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首 而 which 不可 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时 从句中的谓语必须是系动词 若为行为动词 则从句中的关系代词只能用 which 在本题中 prevent 由于是行为动词 所以正确选项应为 B 7 必须用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句的情况 先行词是不定代词 all few little much something nothing anything 等 例如 All that we have to do is to practice every day 我们必须做的全部是每天练习 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 例如 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten 我学的第一门课永远难忘 This is the best film I ve ever seen 这是我曾经看过的最好的电影 先行词被 all any every each few little no some 等修饰 例如 I have read all the books that you gave me 我读完了你给我的所有书籍 先行词被 the only the very the same the last 修饰时 例如 He is the only person that who I want to talk to 他是我唯一想交谈的人 先行词既有人又有物时 例如 They talked of things and persons that they remembered 他们谈起所记得的人和事 当句中已有 who 时 为避免重复 例如 Who is the man that is talking to John 和约翰谈话的那个人是谁 用作关系代词 修饰表示时间的名词如 day time moment 等 代替 when 例如 It happened on the day that when I was born 那件事是在我出生的时候发生的 如有两个定语从句 其中一个关系词已用 则另一个用 that 例如 Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before 爱迪生建立了一家生产从未被人见过的东西的工厂 用心 爱心 专心 5 模拟试题 答题时间 40 分钟 一 阅读理解 共 20 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 40 分 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 A B C D 中 选出最佳选项 A Too many people want others to be their friends but they don t give friendship 友谊 back That is why some friendships don t last very long To have a friend you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules be honest be generous 宽宏大量的 be understanding Honesty is where a good friendship starts Friends must be able to trust one another If you don t tell the truth people usually find out If a friend finds out that you haven t been honest you may lose your friend s trust Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly Generosity 大度 means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow You don t have to give your lunch money or your clothes of course Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy like your hobbies 嗜好 and your interests Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings These can be very valuable to a friend They tell your friend what is important to you By sharing them you help your friend know you better Sooner or later every one needs understanding and help with a problem Something may go wrong at school Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve 解决 Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem So to be a friend you must listen and understand You must try to put yourself in your friend s place so you can understand the problem better No two friendships are ever exactly alike 相同 But all true friendships have three things in common If you plan to keep your friends you must practise honesty generosity and understanding 1 Some friendships don t last very long because A there are too many people who want to make friends B they don t know friendship is something serious C those who give others friendships receive friendships from others D those who never give others friendships receive no friendship from others 2 According to the passage honesty is A as important as money B more important than anything else C something countable D the base of a friendship 3 Which of the following isn t mentioned in the passage A A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend B Always tell your friend the truth C Discussing your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem D Sharing your mind with your friend is of great value 4 The best title of this passage is 用心 爱心 专心 6 A A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed B Honesty Is the Best Habit C How to Be a Friend D Three Important Points in life B In the past when people had problems they went to their families or friends to get advice Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows TV programs and telephone hot lines too A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers Most hot lines are completely anonymous callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers Most hot lines are usually free too Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls even if the calls are long distance 距离 At some hot lines the advisers are volunteers 志愿者 Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work Usually the advisers are full job people with years of education and experience but sometimes the advisers have only taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line All the advisers listen to people and help them solve 解决 their problems 5 A hot line is a telephone line A that isn t hot B through which people get advice C whose number no one knows D through which callers take a short class 6 When people call the hot line advisers they A often give their names and telephone numbers B generally have to pay for the long distance calls C usually pay nothing for most of the calls and advice D always try to get in touch with the volunteer advisers 7 The advisers working at hot lines A are not all paid B are all volunteers C all have years of education and experience D have all been trained for a short time 8 The writer of the article seems to think that A with hot lines people won t get advice from their families or friends B hot lines help the callers a lot C people had better pay for the advice and phone calls D the hot line advisers will solve all of the callers problems C Betty and Harold have been married for years But one thing still puzzles 困扰 old Harold How is it that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa talking go out to a ballgame come back three and a half hours later and they re still sitting on the sofa Talking 用心 爱心 专心 7 What in the world Harold wonders do they have to talk about Betty shrugs talk We re friends Researching this result called friendship psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing more than two hundred women and men No matter what their age their job their sex the results were completely clear women have more friendships than men and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is marked and unmistakable More than two thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed would not name a best friend Those who could were likely to name a woman Yet three quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best friend and almost always it was a woman More married men than women named their wife husband as a best friend most trusted person or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress 感情危机 Most women says Rubin identified 认定 at least one usually more trusted friends to whom they could turn in a trouble moment and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives In general writes Rubin in her new book women s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support but men s relationships are marked by shared activities For the most part Rubin says interactions 交往 between men are emotionally controlled a good fit with the social requirements of manly behavior Even when a man is said to be a best friend Rubin writes the two share little about their innermost feelings Whereas a woman s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage it wasn t unusual to hear a man say he didn t know his friend s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on a sofa 9 What old Harold cannot understand or explain is the fact that A he is treated as an outsider rather than a husband B women have so much to share C women show little interest in ballgames D he finds his wife difficult to talk to 10 Rubin s study shows that for emotional support a married woman is more likely to turn to A a male friend B a female friend C her parents D her husband 11 Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph A Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves B Women are more serious than men about marriage C Men often take sudden action to end their marriage D Women depend on others in making decisions 12 The research done by psychologist Rubin centers around A happy and successful marriages B friendships of men and women C emotional problems in marriage 用心 爱心 专心 8 D interactions between men and women D A close friend of mine lives with six hundred wild animals on the Greek Island of Kyklos Ever since he left school where I first knew him he has traveled all over the world collecting animals for his very own zoo He hoped to collect at least two examples of every sort of animal on his island before the Great Flood But the flood that my friend was afraid of was a flood not of water but of people I expect you have heard of my friend he writes books about his travels and about the wild and wonderful animals that he collects The money from the books helps to pay for all the food that these animals eat My friend told me that when he was out looking for water last week there is not enough water on island though there is plenty all round it he found oil He needs money for his travels and for his zoo and a little oil would buy enough water for a life time but he knows that if he tells anybody else about it it will be the end of his zoo and his life s work So if I know my friend he will not tell anybody but you and me about what he found because oil and water do not mix 13 My friend lives A on an island in the middle of great flood B at the school that we used to go to on Kyklos C on a Greek island with six hundred animals D all over the world he is always traveling 14 The flood of which my friend was afraid was A a flood of too many people B a great flood of water C a flood of too many animals on his island D a flood of oil 15 He pays for the food the animals eat by A collecting two examples of every animal B traveling all over the world C writing and selling books D selling the oil on his island 16 If he tells anybody about the oil A it will be the end of his life s work B he will have as many animals as he needs C he will not write any more books D people will no longer come and visit his zoo E What to do if you don t feel popular Try to take part in activities Call your friends Plan to do something The worst feeling is staying home alone because it makes you feel even more lonely Try to make new friends Choose friends carefully not just because you 用心 爱心 专心 9 think they re popular And remember making good friends takes time Choosing a popular person to be friends with is okay If they are nice Be yourself 保持独立 if you want to become friends with someone who s popular don t make yourself into someone you are not just to impress that person Be nice Be friendly Be outgoing 开朗的 But don t overdo 做过头 it Talk to trusted friends if you are feeling really bad Or you might want to write it down in a journal 期刊 or diary Do something special for yourself You could take pictures of your friends or collect their school pictures and take a collage 拼贴画 to hang on your wall This will remind 提醒 you when you are feeling unpopular that you really do have friends Think up your own ideas These suggestions might not work for everyone What to do if you have a problem with your teacher Talk to your parents or another adult who will listen to you and perhaps can help Talk to your friends Maybe they have had problems with the same teacher too Don t give the teacher a reason to have problems with you Do your work complete your task attend the class seriously and take notes Maybe you just need to give the teacher a chance 机会 Try to find out what the problem is Talk to the teacher if you feel comfortable doing this Don t be nasty 闹别 扭的 but express your concerns 关心 Listen to the teacher as well Just accept the fact that you re not going to love all your teachers 17 What do we mean by saying not feeling popular A Not liked by our classmates or workmates B Not doing what we want C Not showing any interest in anything D Not so happy 18 According to the writer if we overdo what he says in the article we A will make too many friends to easily B will sometimes pretend to be a nice friendly person who is also outgoing C will feel really too bad D will not listen to any advice from others 19 The writer A believes that your friend will help you out if you take their pictures B suggests that you discuss the reason of problem with your teacher when you feel uncomfortable C wants you to know that students usually hates teachers D is not too sure if his advice will certainly work on you 20 What s the best title of this passage A Why We Have Problems at School B Always be Yourself 用心 爱心 专心 10 C How to Handle Problems at School D Don t Be Afraid of Problems With others 二 写作 共两节 满分 35 分 第一节 短文改错 共 10 小题 每小题 1 分 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误 对标有题号的每一行作出判断 如无错误 在该行右 边横线上划一个勾 如有错误 每行只有一个错误 则按下列情况改正 该行多一个词 把多余的词用斜线 划掉 在该行右边横线上写出该词 并也用斜 线划掉 该行缺一个词 在缺词处加一个漏字符号 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词 该行错一个词 在错的词下划一横线 在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词 注意 原行没有错的不要改 I will never forget the time I spent in British 21 At the first day we all went to attend assembly 22 The headmaster told us the best way to earn 23 respect was work hard The homework was less than24 what I was used to get in my old school Every 25 day I spent an hour read English books 26 I often go to our school computer club to send 27 e mails to my friends Free Students there have 28 to study some subjects and can drop some 29 Though the life there was not easy but I 30 enjoyed it 第二节 书面表达 共 25 分 假如你是李华 国际中学生友谊俱乐部根据你的请求 把一名美国中学生汤姆介绍给你 希望你们成为笔友 现在由你给汤姆写信 信的内容要点如下 1 个人情况 年龄 16 岁 济钢高中高一学生 2 业务爱好 读书 踢足球 上网已经两年 3 希望了解 美国中学生的校内校外生活 他们最喜欢和最不喜欢的事 家长如何看待 孩子的学习成绩 4 希望对