高中英语 Unit2《Sailing the oceans》教案（2） 新人教版选修9

用心 爱心 专心1 英语 英语 Unit2 SailingUnit2 Sailing thethe oceans oceans 教案 教案 2 2 新人教版选修 新人教版选修 9 9 Part One Teaching Design Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading SAILING THE OCEANS Aims To help students read about sailing the oceans To help students learn about the predicate Procedures Warming up by leaning about navigator What is a navigator A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel On aircraft the position may also be referred to as a flight officer The navigator s responsibilities include planning the journey advising the captain or pilot while en route and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided What is exploration Exploration is the act of searching or traveling for the purpose of discovery e g of unknown regions including space space exploration or oil gas coal ores water also known as prospecting or information Exploration has existed as long as human beings but its peak is seen as being during the Age of Exploration when European navigators travelled around the world In scientific research exploration is one of three purposes of research the other two being description and explanation Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial rough understanding of some phenomenon Warming up by talking about Zheng He s Seven Voyages In July 11 1405 the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage In the following 28 years this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30 000 people By traveling throughout Southeast Asia and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa he also landed at over thirty different nations He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus famous exploits Warming up by looking and listening Hello class Do you know this man Yes he is Marco Polo Marco Polo 1254 1324 is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road He excelled all the other travelers in his determination his writing and his influence His journey through Asia lasted 24 years He 用心 爱心 专心2 reached further than any of his predecessors beyond Mongolia to China He became a confidant of Kublai Khan 1214 1294 He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale which became the greatest travelogue I Pre reading What are navigational instruments Navigational instruments were built in the age of exploration to guide the explorers to their destinations navigational instrument an instrument used for navigating artificial horizon flight indicator gyro horizon a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope provides an artificial horizon for the pilot compass navigational instrument for finding directions depth finder navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water as by ultrasound or radar inclinometer an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon instrument a device that requires skill for proper use asdic echo sounder sonar a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging asdic is an acronym for anti submarine detection investigation committee II Reading for forms Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to cut the sentence into thought groups blacken the predicative darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions SAILING THE OCEANS We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship s position on a map The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids So how did they navigate so well Read these pages from an encyclopedia Page l Using nature to help Keeping alongside the coastline This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk Using celestial bodies North Star At the North Pole the North Star is at its highest position in the sky but at the equator it is along the horizon So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positions Sun On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun 用心 爱心 专心3 overhead at midday to navigate by They can use the height of the sun to work out their latitude Clouds Sea captains observed the clouds over islands There is a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close by Using wildlife Seaweed Sailors often saw seaweed in the sea and could tell by the colour and smell how long it had been there If it was flesh and smelled strongly then the ship was close to land Birds Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen In the evening nesting birds return to land and their nests So seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore and in the open sea Using the weather Fog Fog gathers at sea as well as over streams or rivers Seamen used it to help identify the position of a stream or river when they were close to land Winds Wise seamen used the winds to direct their sailing They could accelerate the speed but they could also be dangerous So the Vikings would observe the winds before and during their outward or return journeys Using the sea Certain tides and currents could be used by skillful sailors to carry ships to their destination These skills helped sailors explore the seas and discover new lands They increased their ability to navigate new seas when they used instruments page 2 Using navigational instruments to help Finding longitude There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour but sailors did know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope tied to a log over the side of the ship The rope was tied to a log which was then thrown into the sea As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seaman s hands The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour Later when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go In this way the ship could set 用心 爱心 专心4 a straight course even in the middle of the ocean Finding latitude The Bearing Circle It was the first instrument to measure the sun s position A seaman would measure the sun s shadow and compare it with the height of the sun at midday Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course The Astrolabe The astrolabe quadrant and sextant are all connected They are developments of one another The earliest the astrolabe was a special all in one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky This gave the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their latitude at sea However it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself The Quadrant This was a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe It measured how high stars were above the horizon using a quarter circle rather than the full circle of the astrolabe It was easier to handle because it was more portable Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference As the ship rose and plunged in the waves it was extremely difficult to be accurate with any reading The sextant The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments It works by measuring the angle between two fixed objects outside the ship using two mirrors This made the calculations more precise and easier to do III Copying useful expressions and making sentences You are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them sail the oceans explore the oceans plot a ship s position on a map the voyages of travelers before the 17th century at the mercy of have modern navigational aids read these pages from an encyclopedia use nature to help keep alongside the coastline seem to have been the first and most useful form of exploration carry the minimum amount of risk use celestial bodies North Star at the North Pole at its highest position in the sky at the equator along the horizon accomplished navigators be able to use to plot their positions on a clear day during the summer use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by use the height of the sun to work out their latitude observe the clouds over islands a special cloud formation land close by use wildlife see seaweed in the sea tell by the colour and smell flesh and smelled strongly close to land use sea birds to show the way to land in the evening nesting birds return to land and their nests follow the birds to 用心 爱心 专心5 land in the open sea use weather gather at sea as well as over streams or rivers identify the position of a stream or river close to land use the winds to direct one s sailing accelerate the speed observe the winds before and during one s outward or return journeys use the sea carry ships to their destination explore the seas discover new lands increase their ability to navigate new seas use instruments use navigational instruments to help find longitude secure method of measuring longitude solve this theoretical problem move westwards 15 degrees every hour method of calculating longitude use speed and time method of measuring speed tie to over the side of the ship throw into advance through the water pass through during a fixed period of time give the speed of in nautical miles per hour use the compass use complicated mathematical tables have a special magnetic pointer indicate the North Pole find the direction in this way set a straight course in the middle of the ocean find latitude the Bearing Circle measure the sun s position measure the sun s shadow compare with the height of the sun at midday sail on rather than a random course a special all in one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to give sb the local time find one s latitude at sea use as one of the points of reference a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe above the horizon use a quarter circle use the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference plunge in the waves the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant reduce the tendency make mistakes the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments work by measuring the angle IV Transforming information Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below SAILING THE OCEANS Using nature to help keeping alongside the coastline Using navigational instruments to help Using celestial bodies North Star Sun Clouds finding longitude Using wildlife Seaweed Birds Finding latitude The Bearing Circle The Astrolabe The Quadrant The sextant Using the weather Fog Winds Using the sea V Closing down by reading more about sailing the oceans Sailing the oceans For thousands of years people have been sailing across the oceans and around the world Knowledge of ocean currents and wind patterns has allowed people to reliably reach their destinations even after crossing huge expanses of open 用心 爱心 专心6 ocean In this photograph a sailboat uses wind and currents to move among the islands of Micronesia Before modern navigational techniques were developed navigators in the South Pacific relied on stick charts to indicate island locations relative to winds and currents Today racing sailboats is a sport and teams test their skills by racing around the world Navigation now relies on satellites but knowledge of wind patterns ocean currents and potential obstacles in unfamiliar waters is still essential for sailing In this investigation you ll plot a course for racing around the world in a sailboat You ll explore some of the obstacles you might encounter on your route then you ll have the opportunity to revise your route to improve your speed Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank While sailing the 1 we may make use of both the nature 2 the navigational instruments to help By making use of the 3 to help it is meant that we could either 4 alongside the coastline 5 use celestial bodies like the north star the sun and the clouds 6 use wildlife such as seaweed birds 7 use the weather such as fog and winds 8 use the sea By using 9 instruments to help it is meant 10 we could manage to sail either by finding longitude 11 by finding latitude by means of the Bearing Circle the Astrolabe the Quadrant 12 the Sextant Key 1 oceans 2 and 3 nature 4 keep 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 navigational 10 that 11 or 12 and Comprehension questions 1 What is the main topic of this passage A The voyages of the travelers before the 17th century B How to plot a ship s position on a map C How did ancient men navigate so well D Use nature to aid navigation 2 Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them A find celestial bodies B predict the weather C explore the sea D find latitude 3 The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators were A hard working B brave C intelligent D energetic 用心 爱心 专心7 4 According to the passage A the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions B Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen C Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing D The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments Key BDCB Notes to the special sentences 1 So accomplished navigators were able to use it to plot their positions 熟练 的领航员就能够用它来确定自己的位置 句中 accomplished 是形容词 意思是 优秀的 熟练的 作定语修饰其后的名词 Accomplished 的用法如下 已完成的 已达到的 accomplished facts 既成事实 学识渊博的 技术高超的 有成就的 an accomplished cook 厨艺精湛的厨师 Judy is accomplished in English teaching 茱 蒂擅长英语教学 有教养的 优雅的 an accomplished lady 才女 2 On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by 在晴朗的日子 尤其是在夏天 水手可以使用正午 头顶的太阳来引导他们航行 句中 to navigate by 作目的状语 修饰谓语动词 其中的 by 是介词 它的逻辑宾语是前面的 the sun 类似的例句有 I have no topics to write about He found some pens to write with He is not the person to get along with 3 Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen 看不到陆地的时候 可以利用海鸟来定位通向陆地的方向 句中 used 后面有一个停 顿 to 到 land 作目的状语 句中 when 引导的是时间状语从句 修饰说明主句谓语动词 4 The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour 一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海 哩时速 句中 that were counted during a fixed period of time 是定语从句 in nautical miles 和 per hour 都是状语 5 Later when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables 后来到了十二世纪海员 开始使用指南针的时候 他们就能够借助复杂的数学表格计算出航行的经度了 using complicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语 表示手段 更多例句 The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch 那男孩坐在农舍前 削树 枝 伴随 He came running back to tell me the news 他跑回来告诉我这个消息 方式 An old man entered supported by a girl 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走进来 方式 6 Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course 这样他就能弄清楚他是沿正确航线而不是紊乱航线航行 Rather than 的例句还 有 I think I ll have a cold drink rather than coffee Why didn t you ask for help rather than trying to do it on your own 7 The earliest the astrolabe was a special all in one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky 最早的 那些古代的星盘 是一种单一形式的工具 用来确定船舶与太阳和太 用心 爱心 专心8 空星辰的相对位置 in relation to 是复合介词短语 作状语 请看 in relation to concerning this matter Its brain is small in relation to compared with its body Little of what he said has any relation to fact 8 It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments 它证明是这些早期航海仪器中最准确最可靠的一种 句中 proved 可以看作 半系动词 后接表语 look turn feel get become sound smell stand go remain 等都可能用作半连 系动词 例如 He looked a perfect fool 他看上去是个十足的傻瓜 He turned traitor to his country 他背叛了祖国 I felt very hungry after a long walk 走 了一段长路 我感到很饿 Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger 我们国家变得越来越强大了 Some of the land became covered with water 一些田地覆盖着水 The story sounds interesting 这故事听起来很有趣 he flowers smell sweet 花朵散发芳香 Holding the note in his hand he stood there dumbfounded 他拿着钞票 站在那里 目瞪口 呆 They went mad 他们发狂了 He never remained satisfied with his success 他 从不满足于自己的成绩 相关高考链接 句首动词命题透视 请看课文第一段最后一句 Read these pages from an encyclopedia 句首使用了动词 现在 我们来透视一下句首动词命题的相关情况 一 句首使用动词原形 此类题目多通过特定句式 固定结构考查动词的形式 近年高考考查的重点多为动词原形 开头的祈使句或 祈使句 and or 陈述句 句型 1 What should I do with this passage the main idea of each paragraph A Finding out B Found out C Find out D To find out 析 该句省略了主语 复原后整个句子应为 You should find out the main idea of each paragraph 正确答案为 C 2 English has a large vocabulary hasn t it Yes more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate A Know B Knowing C To know D Known 析 根据题意和结构可知 该题考查 祈使句 and 陈述句 句型 故首空应用动词原形 答案为 A 二 句首使用 to v 短语形式 置于句首的 to v 短语形式常作目的状语 其后使用逗号隔开一个完整的句子结构 作目的 状语的 to v 短语放在句后也可以 注意 若 v to 形式表示的动作为句子的主语所承受 则需使用被动式 late in the afternoon Bob turned off the alarm 2001 北京春季卷 A To sleep B Sleeping C Sleep D Having slept 析 从整个句子结构上看 逗号后面没有连词或关系词 可知此题考查非谓语动词形式 结合句子语意 应用不定式结构作目的状语 答案选 A 三 句首使用 v ing 短语作主语的形式 用心 爱心 专心10 v ing 短语作主语其判定方法为 该动词短语作主语与谓语动词直接连接 没有逗号隔开 to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one s skin 2002 上海卷 A Exposed B Having exposed C Being exposed D After being exposed 析 分析句子结构可知 will do 是谓语