高中英语 语法精讲（Unit 15　Destinations）大纲人教版第二册

用心 爱心 专心1 语法精讲语法精讲 1 1 非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能 成分成分 非谓语非谓语 主语表语宾语定语状语宾语补足语 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 2 2 非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的分类 构成构成非谓语形式非谓语形式 时态和语态时态和语态否定式否定式复合结构复合结构 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done for sb to do sth 现在 分词 doing having done being done having been done 分 词 过去 分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done 在 非 谓 语 前 加 not sb s doing 3 3 作主语和表语的区别作主语和表语的区别 1 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作 而不定式作主语表示具体动作 动名词作主语通 常用以表示一件已知的事或经验 说明主语的内容或性质 不定式作主语通常用来表示一 件未完成的事或目的 如 Smoking is forbidden here It is not very good to smoke so much 2 不定式作表语和动名词作表语的区别同上 3 作表语的现在分词和过去分词相当于形容词 表示主语的性质 如 The film is moving I m surprised to find that he is copying my composition 4 4 作宾语的区别作宾语的区别 1 只带不定式作宾语的动词 afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forget like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire 等 下 列动词后可接疑问词 不定式 teach decide wonder show learn forget ask find out advise discuss 等 2 只带动名词作宾语的动词 suggest finish avoid stop can t 用心 爱心 专心2 help mind enjoy require practise miss escape pardon advise consider imagine keep appreciate escape permit 另外 下列动词短语接动名词 leave off put off give up look forward to feel like have trouble difficulty in doing sth devote to get used to pay attention to be fond of be worth 5 5 作定语的区别作定语的区别 1 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 主谓关系 同位关系 She is now looking for a room to live in There is no one to look after her Do keep your promise to write to me 下列词语后常接不定式作定语 chance wish right courage need promise time opportunity way the first the second the last the only 等 2 动名词作定语表示用途 如 a washing machine a swimming pool 3 作定语的现在分词和过去分词相当于形容词 说明被修饰名词的性质 如 an interesting story a shocked girl 6 6 作状语的区别作状语的区别 1 不定式作状语 通常表示目的 或表示意外结果 To pass the entrance exam he works hard He got to the railway station only to find the train had gone 2 分词作状语可表示伴随 时间 方式 原因等 现在分词表示分词与句子主语之间 是主动关系 过去分词则表示分词与句子主语之间是被动关系 另外 现在分词也可作结 果状语 表示实际的结果 The students went into the classroom talking and laughing 伴随状语 Seeing the old man was in trouble Tom went to help him 时间状语 A fire broken out last night destroying the whole house 结果状语 7 7 作宾语补足语的区别作宾语补足语的区别 1 在 ask beg order encourage get tell want wish 等词的后面只能用不定式作宾 补 而在感官动词和使役动词后 则用不带 to 的动词不定式作宾补 The teacher told us to clean the windows I noticed the boy go into the shop 2 现在分词作宾补表示与宾语之间为主动关系 过去分词作宾补表示与宾语之间为 被动关系 Don t have the water running all the time His uncle had his house broken into while he was away on business 考题再现考题再现 考例 1 2006 湖南高考 28 If you think that treating a woman well means always her permission for things think again A gets B got C to get D getting 解析解析 mean doing sth 意为 意味着做某事 表示如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着 得到她给你东西的允许 mean to do sth 意为 打算做某事 其主语常常是人 答案答案 D 用心 爱心 专心3 考例 2 2006 安徽高考 28 That sounds very much in the job but I m not sure whether he can manage it A interested B interesting C interestingly D interestedly 解析解析 sound 意为 听起来 是系动词 后接形容词 不与副词连用 interesting 和 interested 均为 interest 的派生形容词 并均可用作定语和表语 但 interesting 意 为 有趣的 指有趣味的 令人感兴趣的 能引起好奇心或求知欲 具有主动意义 既可 修饰人 也可修饰物 修饰人表示某人很有趣 interested 意为 感兴趣 指人被引起 兴趣 具有被动意义 常修饰人 很少修饰物 常用于 be interested in sth 结构 表 示 对 感兴趣 根据句意可判断出汤姆听起来对这项工作感兴趣 答案答案 A 考例 3 2006 南京一模 the right decisions the future is probably the most important things we ll ever do in our lives A Making concerned B To make concerning C To make concerned D Making concerning 解析解析 考查作主语的非谓语形式 动名词作主语表示一个现在的抽象动作 或表示一个 已知的事或经验 而不定式作主语表示具体动作或一件未完成的事或目的 答案答案 D 考例 4 2006 江苏高考 32 There is a story here in the paper about a 110 year old man My goodness I can t imagine that old A to be B to have been C being D having been 解析 解析 imagine 想象 设想 后可跟名词 代词 动名词 that wh 从句作宾语 或用于 imagine 宾语 to be 结构 由此知 A B 两项不符合其用法 由句中时态判断 此 处应用一般式而非完成式 答案 答案 C 考例 5 2006 上海高考 34 Russand Earl were auto mechanics the same pay but Earl had more ambition A to earn B to have earned C earning D earned 解析 解析 分析句式结构可知 该空格处的 earn 与 Russ and Earl 构成逻辑上的主谓关 系 所以用 earning 为现在分词短语作定语 答案 答案 C 考例 6 2006 广东高考 30 this cake you ll need 2 eggs 175 g sugar and 175 g flour A Having made B Make C To make D Making 解析 解析 本题主句表示将来发生 因此状语需用动词的不定式表示目的 答案 答案 C 考例 7 2006 上海高考 40 utomatically the e mail will be received by all the club members A Mailed out B Mailing out C To be mailed out D Having mailed out 用心 爱心 专心4 解析 解析 由上下文逻辑可知 the e mail 与 mail out 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系 故需 用过去分词 答案 答案 A 考例 8 2006