简单句、并列句和复合句讲解

1 高中英语简单句 并列句和复合句考点复习突破学案 一 句子种类两种分类法 一 句子种类两种分类法 w w w k s 5 u c o m 1 按句子的用途可分四种 按句子的用途可分四种 1 陈述句 肯定 否定 He is six years old She didn t hear of you before 2 疑问句 一般 特殊 选择 反意 Do they like skating How old is he Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim can t she 3 祈使句 Be careful boys Don t talk in class 4 感叹句 How clever the boy is 2 按句子的结构可分三种 按句子的结构可分三种 1 简单句 只有一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 e g He often reads English in the morning Tom and Mike are American boys She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers 2 并列句 由并列连词 and but or 等 或分号 把两个或两个以上的简单句连 在一起构成 e g You help him and he helps you The future is bright the road is tortuous 前途是光明的 道路是曲折的 3 复合句 含有一个或一个以上从句的句子 复合句包含 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 定语从句和状语从句等 e g The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall 二 简单句的五种基本句型 二 简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语 系动词 表语 e g He is a student 2 主语 不及物动词 e g We work 3 主语 及物动词 宾语 e g Henry bought a dictionary 4 主语 及物动词 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 e g My father bought me a car 5 主语 及物动词 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 e g Tom made the baby laugh 注 其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展 变化或省略而构成 主语主语 动词动词 表语 表语 w w w k s 5 u c o m 在这一句型中 动词是系动词 划线部分为表语 1 Mr Brown is an engineer 名词作表语 2 Gradualy he became silent 形容词作表语 2 3 She remained standing for a hour 现在分词作表语 4 The question remained unsolved 过去分词作表语 5 The machine is out of order 介词短语作表语 6 The television was on 副词作表语 7 His plan is to keep the affair secret 动词不定式作表语 8 My job is repairing cars 动名词作表语 9 The question is what you want to do 从句作表语 即 表语从句 注意 在下面的句子中 形容词作表语 在表语的后面常常接不定式结构 I m happy to meet you They are willing to help We are determined to follow his example 主语主语 动词 动词 在这一句型中 动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组 在有的句子中 不及物动词 可以有状语修饰 1 The sun is rising 2 I ll try 3 Did you sleep well well 做状语 修饰不及物动词 sleep 4 The engine broke down 注意 在此句型中 有少数不及物动词表达被动含义 表达主语本身所具有的特性 不用被动语态 1 The book sells well 2 The window won t shut 3 The pen writes smoothly 4 Cheese cuts easily 主语主语 动词动词 宾语 宾语 w w w k s 5 u c o m 在此句型中 动词为及物动词 划线部分为宾语 1 Do you know these people them 名词或代词作宾语 2 I can t express myself in English 反身代词作宾语 3 He smiled a strange smile 同源宾语 4 We can t afford to pay such a price 不定式作宾语 5 Would you mind waiting a few minutes 动名词作宾语 6 I hope that I have said nothing to pain you 从句作宾语 即 宾语从句 注意 并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语 不同的动词有不同的用 3 法 所以 在学习动词时 一定要掌握其用法 主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语 宾语 在此句型中 动词可以称作双宾语动词 在英语中 这样的动词并不多 在学习中遇 到时 要牢记 后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语 其中 间接宾语在前 一般表人 直 接宾语在后 一般表物 这类句型有三种情况 第一种情况 间接宾语可以改为由 to 引导的短语 1 He handed me a letter He handed a letter to me 2 She gave me her telephone number She gave her telephone number to me 第二种情况 间接宾语可以改为由 for 引导的短语 3 She sang us a folk song She sang a folk for us 4 She cooked us a delicious meal She cooked a delicious meal for us 第三种情况 直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当 5 Tell him I m out 6 Can you inform me where Miss Green lives 主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语 在此句型中的动词 叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词 在英语中 这样的动词也不多 后 面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的 宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语 这个句式 是英语中比较复杂的一个句式 因为复合宾语的构成内容较多 下面句子中划线部分为宾 语补足语 w w w k s 5 u c o m 1 He found his new job boring 形容词作宾补 2 The called their daughter Mary 名词作宾补 3 This placed her in a very difficult position 介词短语作宾补 4 We went to here house but found her out 副词作宾补 5 What do you advise me to do 不定式作宾补 6 We thought him to be an honest man tobe 作宾补 7 He believed them to have discussed the problem 不定式的完成式作宾补 8 He believed her to be telling the truth 不定式的进行式作宾补 9 Did you notice him come in 不带 to 的不定式作宾补 10 I saw her chatting with Nancy 现在分词作宾补 4 11 He watched the piano carried upstairs 过去分词作宾补 注意 在这个结构中 可以出现用 it 作形式上的宾语 把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语 的后面 在此结构中 宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句 1 He felt it his duty to mention this to her 分析 it 是形式宾语 his duty 是宾语补足语 to mention this to her 是真正的宾语 2 I think it best that you should stay with us 分析 it 是形式宾语 best 是宾语补足语 that you should stay with us 是真正的宾语 3 there be 句型是一种特殊的句子 真正的主语在后面 含义为 有 谓语动词和主语保持一致 There is a television in the sitting room 有两个或更多的主语时 动词一般和最近的一个保持一致 There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall 主语的后面有时有修饰语 There are a lot of difficulties facing us There were many things to be done 此处也可以使用 to do 谓语动词 be 可以有时态的变化 There will be a concert in the park tonight There was little change in him 谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语 w w w k s 5 u c o m There used to be a cinema here There seems to be something the matter with her Is there going to be any activity tonight there be 句式变疑问句 把 be 提前 变反意疑问句也要借助 there Is there any hope of getting the job There is nothing wrong with your watch is there there be 句型中也可以使用诸如 live follow come stand sit exist 等不及物动 词 Once upon a time there lived a fisherman on the island There came a knock at the door At the top of the hill there stands an old temple 用于非谓语的情况下 有时用不定式的复合结构 there to be 或动名词的复合结构和 独立主格结构 there being You wouldn t want there to be another war 不定式的复合结构 The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework 动名词的复合结 构 There being nothing else to do we went home 独立主格结构 三 并列句的分类 三 并列句的分类 5 并列句基本概念 并列句基本概念 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成 两个简单句常由并列连 接词连在一起 但有时不用连接词 只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号 1 表示连接两个同等概念 常用 and not only but also neither nor then 等连接 e g The teacher s name is Smith and the student s name is John 2 表示选择 常用的连词有 or either or otherwise 等 e g Hurry up or you ll miss the train 3 表示转折 常用的连词有 but still however yet while when 等 e g He was a little man with thick glasses but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting 4 表示因果关系 常用的连词有 so for therefore 等 e g August is the time of the year for rice harvest so every day I work from dawn until dark 主从复合句 主从复合句 w w w k s 5 u c o m 1 概念 概念 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 主句为句子的主体 从句只用作 句子的一个次要成分 不能独立成为一个句子 从句通常由关联词引导 并由关联词将从句和 主句联系在一起 2 分类 分类 从句按其在复合句中的作用 分为主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语 定语从句 和状语从句等 四 高考考点探讨 四 高考考点探讨 1 简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型 虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多 但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解 在书面表达中 没有最基本的遣词造句 的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的 2 祈使句 反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一 有时把祈使句与反意疑问句 结合于一体来考查 一个题目 几个考点 是近几年命题的发展趋势 3 高考对简单句 并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上 如 and but or while 以及其它连接名词性从句 定语从句和状语从句的连接词 关联词 4 各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起 以宾语从句与状语从句最为 明显 时间从句与条件从句中 如果主句是将来时 从句则用一般式表将来 这一点在高 考中经常考查 如 We will go outing if it doesn t rain tomorrow 判断下列句子是简单句 并列句还是复合句 1 We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon 2 The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom 6 3 There is a chair in this room isn t there 4 My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening 5 He is in Class One and I am in Class Two 6 He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child 7 Neither has he changed his mind nor will he do so 8 What he said at the meeting is very important isn t it 9 The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree 10 Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music 模拟试题模拟试题 1 I don t suppose anyone will volunteer w w w k s 5 u c o m A do I B don t I C will they D won t they 2 help if you can and our country will improve more quickly and better A Giving B Give C Given D To give 3 Lucy you wash the dishes Morn can t Lily do it It s her turn to do it A don t you B can you C shall you D will you 4 I will not take an umbrella with me today it rains later on in the day A How B What C How about D What if 5 You ought to stay up late tonight you Yes I ve got too much homework A can t B shouldn t C mustn t D won t 6 Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul A can it B can t it C can they D can t they 7 There used to be a church in the small town A used there B usedn t there C used it D usedn t it 8 She isn t your neighbour is she A Yes she isn t B No she is C Yes she is D No isn t she 9 to be a PLA soldier when I was young And now you are A How I wanted B How did I want C What I wanted D What did I want 10 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable A which price B the price of which 7 C its price D the price of that 11 After ten years she changed a lot and looked different from she used to be A that B whom C what D who 12 is known to everyone the moon travels round the earth once every month A It B As C That D What 13 He s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane w w w k s 5 u c o m A where B which C while D why 14 Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities A while B that C when D as 15 What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A when B how C whether D what 16 The students of the music school study A music but also some other subjects B some other subjects as well as music C music as well as some other subjects D some other subjects and music 17 air is to man so is water to fish A Since B Just C Like D As 18 There is plenty of rain in the south there is little in the north A while B as C when D so 19 several times about it but he could not give the correct answer A Being asked B Having been asked C He would ask D He had been asked 20 I don t like chicken fish I don t like chicken I like fish very much A and and B and but C or but D or and 21 the days went on the situation there got worse A With B Since C While D As 22 everybody is here let s set out right away A Now that B Because C For D After 23 The science of medicine progress has been very rapid lately is perhaps the most important of all the sciences w w w k s 5 u c o m A to which B in which C which D with which 24 We must do the experiment carefully Miss Liu told us A what B since C as D while 8 25 Tony will never forget these days she lived in China with her mother has a great effect on her life A that which B when which C which that D when that 26 I know they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008 A Since B So far as C In case D As if 27 Who do you think the doctor will have first John or Kate A examine B to examine C examining D examined 28 What are you anxious about A Whether we can succeed B If we succeed C Do we succeed D That we can succeed 29 You should put the dictionary you can find it easily A where B the place C the place on which D what 30 She said to me I ll tell you the result of the test I know it A because B the moment C after D though 31 Grandpa used to tell us something about the Cultural Revolution he had time to spare A as soon as B as C so that D whenever 32 Li Fang is very busy she s always helping others with their lessons A but B although C so D for 33 Getting a right job can be difficult the students prepared to deal with the job interview A if won t B unless will C unless are D if are 34 Everything depends on they will support you about it w w w k s 5 u c o m A if B which C whether D that 35 She won the first prize in the speech contest and surprised us A which B it C as D who 36 The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far A which is not B that have not been C that has not D that has not been 37 He made another wonderful discovery of great importance to science A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think is 38 It s really very dangerous One more step the baby will fall into the well A or B so C but D and 39 She is American she knows little about American history A so B yet C and D therefore 9 40 Information technology is taught in most schools we have entered the information society A so B whi