高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题4形容词与副词

用心 爱心 专心 1 形容词与副词是高考考查的热点 高考英语中单项填空 完形填空 书面表达 任何一项题 目中都有可能涉及形容词等级 辨析和在句中的位置 关于形容词与副词这一考点 主要考 查以下几个方面 在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析 考查形容词作状语 考查比较级的 用法尤其是隐性比较 考查一些习语搭配 与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加 ly 构成的副 词的区别 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等 一 形容词 副词的主要功能一 形容词 副词的主要功能 1 形容词在句中主要作定语 表语和补语 但有时也作状语 表示伴随 原因等 如 We find the boy considerate 宾补 He walked in the snow cold and hungry 伴随状语 Afraid of difficulties they took the easy road 原因状语 2 副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语 评注性状语及连接性状语 其中后两种状语是现在 考查的重点 如 He spoke English fairly fluently 修饰性状语 Fortunately none of them was hurt 评注性状语 His first response was to say no Later however he changed his mind 连接 性状语 注意 1 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质 而副词作状语则修饰动词 如 He walked home slowly 他慢慢地步行回家了 He arrived home hungry and tired 他到家时又累又饿 2 有些副词像 fortunately luckily surprisingly honestly actually personally 用心 爱心 专心 2 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子 对整个句子进行说明或解释 表示说话人对话语的态度 与看法 通常位于句首 常用逗号与句子分开 如 Surprisingly no one in the class could work out the problem Personally I don t think he will interview you 3 还有些副词起连接作用 使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接 常见的有 意义 例词 表示列举和顺序 first ly second ly then next finally last 表示意义增补和引申 also besides furthermore moreover 表示意义等同 equally similarly 表示结果 therefore thus consequently 表示换个说法 rather alternatively 表示意义转折 instead though yet however 表示让步 anyhow anyway 表示时间过度 meanwhile meantime I am wrong Similarly you are to blame 我错了 同样地 你也该受到谴责 Seize the chance Otherwise you ll regret it 抓住这个机会 否则你会后悔的 They are enjoying themselves Or Rather they appear to be enjoying themselves 他们正玩得很开心 更精确地说 他们好像正玩得很开心 He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program 他忘了打开收音机 因此错过了那个节目 It may snow but anyhow I will go to town 可能下雪 但我无论如何要进城 He said he would come he didn t though 他说他要来 可是并没有来 Mother went shopping meanwhile I cleaned the house 母亲去买东西 我打扫屋子 用心 爱心 专心 3 二 形容词的位置二 形容词的位置 1 形容词作定语通常前置 但在下列情况后置 1 形容词短语作定语 定语后置 如 a language difficult to master a leaning tower about 180 feet high 2 表语形容词 alike alone asleep awake alive 等 作定语 定语后置 如 a man alive 有些表身体健康状况的形容词 如 well faint ill 只作表语 sick 既可作表语 又可作定语 ill 若作定语意为 bad 3 用作定语 修饰由不定代词 one any some 和 every 构成的复合词 如 anything something 等时 通常后置 如 I have something important to tell you 4 else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语 2 多个形容词及限定词等修饰同一个名词的顺序 限定词 数词形容词 冠词前 的形容 词 冠词 指 示代词 名词所有 格等 序数 词 基数 词 性质状态 大小长 短形状 颜色 国籍出版 材料 质地 作用类别 all both the a this first next one four beautiful good poor large short new old Chinese eastern silk stone medical writing 名词 用心 爱心 专心 4 suchanother your square a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room 口诀巧记 限定描绘大长高 形状年龄和新老 颜色国籍跟材料 作用类别往后靠 1 The husband gave his wife every month in order to please her A income all his B his all income C his income all D all his income 解析 D 考查多个限定词的词序 all 前位限定 his 中位限定 2 The house smells as if it hasn t been lived in for years A little white wooden B little wooden white C white wooden little D wooden white little 解析 A 考查多个形容词修饰同一中心词的词序 大小 颜色 材料 三 副词的分类三 副词的分类 英语里的副词分为 9 类 时间 地点 方式 频率 程度 连接 关系 疑问和句子副 词 常见的有 1 时间副词 常见的时间副词有 now then soon ago recently lately later finally before early today tomorrow yesterday tonight suddenly immediately already just 等 2 地点副词 常见的地点副词有 here there up down away nearby home ahead abroad indoors overseas halfway upstairs downstairs 等 3 频率副词 频率副词表示动作发生的次数 常见的有 ever never rarely seldom once often occasionally constantly frequently usually continually always 等 4 程度副词 程度副词用于表示程度 常见的有 fairly pretty rather quite very much 用心 爱心 专心 5 too greatly almost nearly half highly awfully deeply partly perfectly really 等 5 连接副词 常见的连接副词有 therefore besides otherwise however moreover thus meanwhile when why where how 等 6 句子副词 句子副词用于修饰句子 而不是修饰某个单词 反映说话人的观点和看法 如 actually certainly clearly definitely evidently fortunately frankly honestly luckily obviously perhaps possibly probably surely undoubtedly unexpectedly 等 四 兼有两种形式的副词四 兼有两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式 一种形式是在形容词后加 ly 另一种形式同该形容词 即 形 副同形 但其意义有很大差别 这类词主要有 1 不加 ly 表示具体概念 加 ly 表示抽象概念或用于比喻意义 high 空间高度 The plane was flying high highly 高度地 非常地 I think highly of your opinion 注意短语 aim high 心怀大志 志向高远 deep 空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud deeply 深深地 Even father was deeply moved by the film 注意搭配 deep into the night 到深夜 wide 空间宽度 He opened the door wide widely 广泛地 普遍地 English is widely used in the world 注意短语 be wide awake 完全清醒 close 接近地 紧紧地 He is sitting close to me closely 仔细地 严密地 Watch him closely 2 两种形式 词义差别较大 late 晚 迟 You have come too late lately 最近 What have you been doing lately recently free 免费 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like 用心 爱心 专心 6 freely 自由地 You may speak freely say what you like most 很 非常 最 He is most kind to me mostly 主要地 大部分 She is mostly at home on Sundays hard 努力地 Think harder hardly 几乎不 简直不 I can hardly understand you 专题四 正面解读 五 形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型五 形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型 1 as adj adv 原级 as not as so adj adv 原级 as 注意 当 as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式 This is as good an example as the other is This is an example as good as the other is 2 adj adv 比较级 than You are taller than I 注意 比较级后面跟有名词时 有时需要加适当的冠词 Tom is the taller of the two brothers I have never read a better story 3 the 最高级 of among 同类名词 in 范围 地点等名词 定语从句 have ever This cake is the most delicious of all in the shop I have ever had 注意 1 当没有比较的范围时 most 表示非常 相当于 very 此时没有比较概念 Steel is most useful a most useful material in industry 2 否定词语 比较级 否定词语 so as 结构表示最高级含义 Nothing is so easy as this 用心 爱心 专心 7 Nothing is easier than this This is the easiest thing We couldn t feel better 4 the 比较级 the 比较级 越 越 The more practice you do the fewer mistakes you will make 5 比较级 and 比较级 越来越 The weather is getting warmer and warmer 六 比较级和最高级的修饰词六 比较级和最高级的修饰词 1 almost exactly just quite nearly half twice 等词可以用来修饰 as as 结 构 2 much many 只能在比较级后是可数名词复数时使用 far by far a lot a great deal rather a bit a little even still yet no twice 等词可以修饰 more than 比较级 3 by far almost nearly much first 等词可以修饰最高级 This problem is exactly as important as that one Mike is much a lot far a little stronger than John He has much more money than me but I have many more books than him My father is two inches taller than me taller than me by two inches Today is even still yet colder I can t go any farther I can go no farther This hat is by far the biggest The Yellow River is the second longest river in China 七 表达倍数的常用句型结构七 表达倍数的常用句型结构 1 A is three four times the size height length width of B 或 The size height length width of A is three four times that of 如 The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大 2 A is three four times as big high long wide as B 如 This tree is three times as tall as that one 用心 爱心 专心 8 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高 3 A is three four times bigger higher longer wider than B 如 The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one 这本字典比那本恰好贵 5 倍 注意 用 times 表示倍数时 一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数 表示两倍常用 twice 或 double 八 特殊结构和固定搭配八 特殊结构和固定搭配 形容词和副词有许多特殊结构和固定搭配 归纳与考点有密切联系的部分如下 1 too to 句型的两个意义 1 表示否定意义 意为 太 而不能 如 This question is too hard for me to understand 这个问题太难 我理解不了 The flower is too beautiful to last 花太美 难经久 2 表示肯定意义 意为 非常 很 极 当 too 后面接 easy ready eager willing thankful delighted 等形容词时 too 表示 很 非常 之意 与 very 表达 很 的意思 相同 当 too 前有 all but only 等词时 形成 only too all too to do 结构 仍旧表 达 非常 很 极 之意 如 I m too glad to hear the news 听到这个消息我非常高兴 He s only too pleased to pick her up 他非常高兴去接她 They are but too glad to see me 他们非常高兴来看我 2 A is to B what C is to D 意为 A 对于 B 就如 C 对于 D 如 Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物 3 than 的习惯短语 1 more than 意为 超过 多于 十分 非常 不仅仅 如 I was more than surprised at his sudden arrival 用心 爱心 专心 9 对他的突然到来我非常吃惊 2 more than 意为 与其 不如 如 He was more frightened than hurt 与其说他受到伤害不如说他受到了惊吓 3 rather than 意为 而非 不 宁愿 也不 would had rather than 如 Rather than take a bus to school I d prefer to walk 我宁愿步行上学也不愿乘车 4 other than 常意为 除 之外 不同于 在否定结构中 形成 no not nothing other than 的结构搭配 常意为 正是 恰好是 除了 别无 如 It was no other than my old friend Jones 就是我的老朋友琼斯 1 要避免重复使用比较级 误 He is more cleverer than his brother 正 He is more clever than his brother 正 He is cleverer than his brother 2 要避免将主语含在比较对象中 误 China is larger than any country in Asia 正 China is larger than any other country in Asia 3 比较的对象要一致 误 The weather in China is different from America 正 The weather in China is different from that in America 解析 句意为 中国的天气与美国的天气不同 比较的是天气而不是国家 比较的 主体要一致 因此用 that 代替前面的 weather 4 要避免表语形容词用作定语 误 Entering the room I saw an afraid girl crouching in the corner 正 Entering the room I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner 解析 afraid 是表语形容词不能作定语 而 frightened 是过去分词变来的普通形容 词 可以作定语 用心 爱心 专心 10 5 不要把连接性副词当连词使用 1 误 He takes no interest in studies instead he plays tennis all day 正 He takes no interest in studies instead he plays tennis all day 正 He takes no interest in studies Instead he plays tennis all day 2 误 The house is not big enough for us besides it is too far from town 正 The house is not big enough for us and besides it is too far from town 正 The house is not big enough for us Besides it is too far from town 解析 instead besides 等很多词是起连接作用的副词 不能当连词使用 因此它 们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系 而句子之间在语法上是独立的 因 此前面的句子要用句号或分号或用 and 并列 1 2010 全国卷 Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been A popular B more popular C most popular D the most popular 解析 B 考查形容词比较级的用法 形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高级 表示 没有比 更 的 2 Much to his surprise he invited only twenty friends to the dinner but came A twice as many as B as many as twice C twice as many D twice more than 解析 C 考查倍数的表达 很显然这里要表达的意思是 来的客人人数是他邀请的 客人数的两倍 所以要用 倍数 as many as 结构 第二个 as 及其后的内容省略 3 Food safety is important so the government spares no effort to prevent food pollution A highly B reasonably C strongly D naturally 用心 爱心 专心 11 解析 A highly 表示程度 非常 极度 4 In that case there is nothing you can do than wait A more B other C better D any 解析 B nothing other than wait 只好等待 5 2010 全国卷 I have seldom seen my mother pleased with my progress as she is now A so B very C too D rather 解析 A 易混副词用法辨析 as as 句型在否定句中可以替换为 so as 如本句 6 2010 福建卷 Volunteering is becoming popular in China Yeah people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves A naturally B successfully C splendidly D increasingly 解析 D 考查副词辨析 根据第一句句意 志愿工作在中国正越来越受到欢迎 可 知 D 项正确 7 2010 湖北卷 I wasn t blaming anyone I said errors like this could be avoided A merely B mostly C rarely D nearly 解析 A 考查副词词义辨析 句意为 我没有责备任何人 我仅仅是说像这样的错 误是可以避免的 这里表示 仅仅 只有 所以用 merely 8 After watching the movie Avatar Mary lay in bed with her eyes open while all her family were asleep A widely soundly B wider soundly C widely sound D wide sound 解析 D 表示眼睛睁得大 嘴张得大等时 要用 wide 修饰 open 表示 酣睡 时 用心 爱心 专心 12 常用 be sound fast deep asleep 来表达 9 Boris has brains In fact I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ A a high B a higher C the higher D the highest 解析 B 考查形容词比较级的用法 根据题干内容可知 这里是将 Boris 的智商与 班级里其他同学的智商进行比较 因此应该用比较级 排除 A D 两项 另外 这里是表泛 指 因此用不定冠词 故 B 项正确 10 How was your recent visit to Qingdao It was great We visited some friends and spent the days at the seaside A few last sunny B last few sunny C last sunny few D few sunny last 答案 B 11 Everyone was on time for the meeting Mike who s usually ten minutes late for everything A even B only C but D yet 解析 A 本题考查副词 句意为 每个人都按时到会 甚至连那个通常什么时候都 会迟到十分钟的麦克也按时到会了 选 A 12 People go out with masks A fear of the sandstorm B afraid of the sandstorm C feared of the sandstorm D being afraid of the sandstorm 解析 B 考查形容词短语作状语的用法 句意为 人们因害怕沙尘暴 外出时都 戴着口罩 用心 爱心 专心 13 13 Mrs White bought a wallet for her husband A black leather small B small leather black C black small leather D small black leather 解析 D 考查名词前多个形容词的排列顺序 其排列顺序为 大小形状 颜色 出 处 材料 用途 选 D 14 Let me help you Tom Thank you I can do it Here s to hold all these things A a case big enough B an enough big case C a case enough big D a big case enough 答案 A 15 The economic impact study was conducted by a group of selected MBA students at the University of Kansas A especially B specially C regularly D potentially 解析 B 考查副词辨析 句意为 经济影响调查是由几个来自堪萨斯州大学的 特 别挑选的硕士研究生进行的 especially 尤其是 regularly 有规律地 potentially 潜在 地 specially 特别地 符合题意 1 2011 青岛市第一次模拟 Thinking that her daughter was doing homework the mother left the room A quickly and gentle B quick and gentle C quickly and gently D quick and gently 解析 quick and gentle 在句中是形容词短语作伴随状语 往往用逗号隔开 答案 B 2 2011 青岛市第一次模拟 My grandfather is as as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day A enthusiastic B energetic 用心 爱心 专心 14 C talkative D sensitive 解析 依据后半句 hates sitting around doing nothing all day 可知这里表示 精力充沛的 故选 B 项 enthusiastic 热情的 talkative 健谈的 sensitive 敏感的 答案 B 3 2011 福建毕业班检查 Even students with intelligence can be excellent students after bettering their study habits A average B unusual C splendid D popular 解析 考查形容词辨析 average 表示 一般的 平常的 unusual 表示 异乎寻 常的 splendid 表示 极好的 壮丽的 popular 则表示 流行的 根据语意 此处表 示 智力一般的学生在改进学习习惯之后也能变得很出色 所以选 A 项 答案 A 4 2011 东城练习二 Young people go to college with the expectation that educated people get a higher pay A good B better C best D the best 解析 本题考查形容词 副词的比较级 句意为 年轻人上大学 带着这样的期望 得到更好教育的人会得到更高的工资报酬 所以本题应该选择 B 项 答案 B 5 2011 黑龙江检测 I was sleepy I decided to make myself some coffee so I could work A weak better B strong well C strong better D weak well 解析 根据语意 第一空用 strong coffee 浓咖啡才能提神 第二空表示比较 意 为 比现在工作得更好 故用 well 的比较级 答案 C 6 2011 南昌一模 The increase of the number of the students makes the limited computers not to each student A available B affordable C helpful D acceptable 解析 考查形容词词义辨析 语境为 学生数量的增加使有限的电脑不够每个学生都 使用 固定短语 be available to 意为 可享受的 可得到的 可使用的 be helpful to 对 有帮助的 有益的 有用的 affordable 付得起的 不太昂贵的 acceptable 可接 用心 爱心 专心 15 受的 合意的 可承受的 可忍受的 语境暗示学生多 电脑少 因此应是不够用 答案 A 7 2011 杭州教学检测 Though many extra planes and trains are used to carry passengers traffic tools are still needed during the May Day holidays A eagerly B badly C equally D slightly 解析 考查副词 尽管增加了许多航班和火车班次以便运送旅客 但是在五一假期里 交通工具还很急需 eagerly 热切地 badly 很 非常 equally 平等地 slightly 略微 稍微 只有 B 项符合语意 答案 B 8 2010 山东济南 3 月模拟 On snowy days you have to drive very to avoid traffic accidents A cautiously B neatly C smoothly D properly 解析 句意为 在下雪天 你必须谨慎驾车以避免交通事故 cautiously 谨慎地 neatly 整洁地 smoothly 平滑地 properly 适当地 答案 A 9 2010 江苏南京调研 He was robbed last night but he didn t have much on him then A f