高考英语 定语从句语法讲座（I） 新人教版

1 定语从句语法讲座 定语从句语法讲座 I I 一 概念 在复合句中 用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句 叫定语从句 其作用相当于形容词 被 定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 二 引导词 引导定语从句的关系代词有 that which who whom whose 三 关系代词 that which who whom whose 引导定语从句的用法 1 A plane is a machine that which can fly 2 The fish that which we bought was not fresh 3 ZhangHeng was a man that who made the earliest seismograph in 132 4 The professor that who whom you want to see has come 5 This is the girl whose father is a teacher 6 The desk whose leg is broken is very old 7 The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief 8 The room in which there is a machine is a workshop 四 关系代词 that 与 which 的专用场合 一 指物时 关系代词 that 和 which 一般情况下可换用 但以下几种情况下一般用 that 不用 which 1 先行词是 all everything something anything nothing none few little much 等不定代词 或是先行词被 all every some any no few little much both 等修饰时 Is there anything that I can do for you in town 2 I have read all the books that you gave me 2 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词 the first the second the last 修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen The first place that we ll visit is the Great Wall 3 当先行词被 the only the very 等表示唯一概念的词修饰修饰时 The only thing that matters is to find our way home This is the very book that I ve been looking for 4 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the school 5 当主句是由 who 或 which 引导的特殊问句时 为避免重复 定语从句中常用 that Who is the man that is standing by the door Which is the dictionary that you bought yesterday 6 当先行词为数词时 关系代词用 that 二 有下列情形之一时 只能用 which 1 当引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词用 which 2 当关系代词作介词的宾语并与介词一起置于定语从句前面 3 在一个句子中有两个定语从句 其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了 that 另一个宜用 which 4 当先行词为指物的代词 that 和 those 时 用 which 5 当关系代词后面有插入语时 用 which Here is the book which as I have told you will help improve your English 3 五 that 与 who 的一些特殊用法 1 当先行词是 anyone those he she 等代词表 人 时 一般用 who 而不用 that Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7 30 p m He who doesn t reach the Great Wall is not a true man 2 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时 通常用 that 而不用 who He is no longer the man that he used to be 六 巩固练习 一 用关系代词填空 1 Thank you for the good advice you ve given us 2 The old gentleman you met at the school gate is an engineer 3 We should learn from those think little for themselves but much for others 4 Xiaowang is a model worker deeds are known to everybody here 5 This is the first play he has ever seen since he came to Wuxi 6 The test is for the students native language is not English 7 The place interests the students most is the Children s Palace 8 This is the power station makes electricity for that area 9 The boy I went to the cinema last night is my classmate 10 The teacher you re waiting will come soon 11 The knife he cut fruit has been lost already 12 The man I borrowed the umbrella lives near our school 13 Public opinion many people usually pay no attention is often very important 14 The young pioneers climbed up the hill on the top a red flag flew with the wind 15 He laughs last laughs best 4 二 高考题 1 All is needed is a supply of oil NMET89 A the thing B that C what D which 2 He paid the boys 10 for washing ten windows most of hadn t been cleaned for at least a year NMET90 A these B those C that D which 3 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help NMET92 A that B who C from whom D to whom 4 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play of course made the others unhappy 2000 A who B which C this D what 三 易混题 5 John is the only one of the students who French John is one of the students who French A know B knows C knowing D known 6 This is the knife I usually cut my pencil This is the knife I usually use to cut my pencil A with which B which C by which D with that 7 Who lives in the house windows face south 5 Who lives in the house the windows face south A whose B which C of which D that 四 单项选择 1 You d better not drink water has not been boiled A which B whom C whose D who 2 The director and his movie you have just talked about are really popular A who B which C that D of whom 3 He regrets buying the dog was very old and died the next month A who B whom C whose D which 4 This is the house my father bought on a rainy evening A which B that C D all of the above 5 She is my former classmate handwriting is very good A whom B whose C of whom D which 6 Is the girl your friend you shook hands just now A which B that C to whom D with whom 7 In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French A where B who C which D what 8 Didn t you see the man I nodded to just now A which B whom C whose D to which 6 9 I can t find the gold ring I spent 100 dollars A that B on which C which D in which 10 The radio set I bought last week has gone wrong A B for which C over which D what 11 That tree branches are almost bare is very old A whose B of which C in which D on which 12 We re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night A which B whom C who D that 13 The girl an English song in the next room is Tom s sister A who is singing B is singing C sang D was singing 14 Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed A learn B who C that learns D who learn 15 Is there anything to you A that is belonged B that belongs C that belong D which belongs 16 He has lost the key to the drawer the papers are kept A where B in which C under which D which 17 May the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget A which B when C on which D about which 18 I your good friend will try my best to help you out A who is B who