中考英语介词复习

教育资料 介词介词 知识讲解一 单项选择题之介词 知识讲解一 单项选择题之介词 一 考纲解读一 考纲解读 广东省省卷五年中考统计广东省省卷五年中考统计考点考点要求要求 20102011201220132014 中考预测中考预测 时间介词 地点介词 方式介词掌握32 题 32 题 介词和各类词搭配构词的短语掌握 常用介词的用法及辨析掌握 32 题 32 题32 题 分析解读分析解读 熟悉掌握常用介词的基本用法 表示时间 地点 方式等 以及一些常见的 固定搭配 由于每个介词都可以表达不同的含义 且无规律可循 因此在备考时考生应该 注意收集介词和各类词搭配构成的短语 2 2 考点一考点一 时间介词时间介词 基本分类基本用法例子 at 多用于表示具体的时刻前 也可用于固定搭配中 表示的时间大多比较短暂 at seven 在七点 at a quarter to one 在 12 点 45 分 at noon 在正午 at night 在晚上 深夜 入睡时 刻 at midnight 在午夜 in 用于表示一段时间 或用于年 月 世纪 四季或 泛指一天的上午 下午 晚上等 还可以用于表示 从现在起 多长时间以后或多久以后 in the century 在 21 世纪 in 1990 in August in autumn 在秋天 in the morning 在早上 in the evening 在晚上 They will finish the work in an hour on 主要用于日期 星期 具体的某一天的早上 中午 晚上或 节日前 on Mid Autumn Day on June 1st on Monday on September 3rd 1990 On a cold winter morning in 1996 since 指从某时一直延续至今 后接时间点 句子用 完成时 He has studied English since 2000 from 说明开始的时间 谓语可用过去 现在 将来的 某种时态 From now on I will learn English in the mornings for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程 后接时间段 I have studied English for 6 years after 1 表示在以过去为起点的某一段时间之后 用于过去时 2 与时间点连用表示在将来某个时间之后 They finished the work after two years 他们在两年之后完成了这项工作 I will ring you up after two o clock 两点之后 我将会打电话给你 until 用于 否定句中 意为 直到 才 其前的谓语动词多用瞬间动词 用在肯定句 中 意为 直到 为止 其前的谓语动词需要延 续性动词 I didn t go to bed until my mother came home I waited for my mother until she came home 我等我妈妈直到她回家为止 时间介词 by 时间点 表示 到 为止 如果 by 后加 将来的时间点 应用一般将来时 如果 by 后面跟 一个过去的时间点用 过去完成时 We had learned 1 000 English words by the end of last term 到上个学期末为止 我们已经学了 1 000 个英语单词 教育资料 during 时间段 与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动 作 He lives with us during these years before 表示时间 后接时间点 意为 在 之前 Please bring your homework before ten o clock 知识点补充 知识点补充 延续性动词延续性动词 live run stay clean play hold watch teach read study teach eat drink write danc e sing smoke 瞬间性动词瞬间性动词 open stop like love die win close shot begin start enter finish 一一 时间介词和地点介词 时间介词和地点介词 真题操练真题操练 1 March 8 2014 the flight of Malaysia Airlines MH370 got lost with 239 passengers it A On in B To on C At in D At on 2 The foreigners arrived Shanghai night A at at B in at C in in D at in 3 Connie arrived the village a snowy night A at on B at in C in at D in on 4 They usually go shopping their lunch break A against B among C between D during 5 When and where were you born I was born October 1st 1998 Suzhou A on on B in on C in in D on in 二二 时间介词 时间介词 真题操练真题操练 1 What will you do the summer holiday I think I shall watch London Olympic Games It will in August A during be held B at hold C during hold D at be hold 2 Do you often go swimming Sunday morning Yes Why not with me this Sunday A on go B in to go C on going D in going 3 I was born a Friday morning A in B on C at D for 4 Wow Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays October A in B on C at D to 5 My friend Henry was born June 10th 1997 A in B on C at D for 6 Welcome to our hotel I hope you ll have a good time your stay here A after B during C with D since 7 Both of my parents were born 1970 教育资料 A in B on C at D to 8 When was you born I was born a cold winter morning in 1996 A in B on C at 三 三 inin 与与 afterafter 的区别的区别 易混词用法例句 in 表示在以此时此刻为起点 的将来的一个时间段之后 常与将来时连用 in the past 在过去 与过去时连用 in the past last 时间段 在过去 的 中 表示从现在算起的过去的 一段时间 包括此时此刻在内 常与现在完成时 连用 In the past few years great changes have taken place in our school 在过去的几年里 我们学校发生了巨大的变化 after after 时间段 常与过 去时连用 after 时间 点 常与将来时连用 We ll leave after lunch 我们将在午饭后动身 时间介词真题操练 时间介词真题操练 10 I hear our teacher will be back three weeks time A at B in C for D after 3 3 考点二考点二 地点介词地点介词 基本分类基本用法例子 at 多用于较小的地点前 时间 at 用于较短时 间 arrive at 加小地点 at the bus stop at home arrive at the airport 到达机场 in 用在较大的地方前arrive in China in the world 在世界上 on 表示 在 上面 强调表示接触 Look at the book on the desk over 表示 在 正上方 表示垂直在上There is a bridge over the river 河上面有一座桥 above 表示 在 上面 属于斜上方Raise your arms above your head 把你的胳膊举到头上 below 在 下面 不一定有垂直在下之 意 The coat reaches below the knees 这件大衣一直到膝盖 下 under 表示 在 正下方 There are many bikes under the tree in front of 表示 在 前面 范围外 There are some trees in front of the classroom 大 树在教室外面 in the front of 表示 在 的前部 范围内 Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom 教室里面的前面 before 所表示的位置关系和 in front of 通 用 表示 在 前面 He sits in front of before me behind 表示 在 后面 是 in front of 的反义词 Don t hide behind the tree 地点介词 at the back of 表示 在 后部 是 in the front of 的反义短语 There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom 我们教室后部有块黑板 教育资料 by 表示 在 旁边 与 beside 同义We live by the river 我们住在河边 beside 在 旁边 强调靠近 besides 连词 而且 Who s that girl beside the boy 在男孩旁边的那个女孩是谁 near 在 附近 距离比 by 和 next to 远 Is there a hospital near here next to 紧邻 在 旁边 相当于 close to The boy next to her is my classmate between 在 之间 强调两者之间或众 多事物的 两两之间 You must choose one between her and me among 在 之间 表示 三者或三者以 上之间 He is the tallest among all the children around 在 周围 强调环境Let s show you around the city 让我们带你在城里转 转 into 表示有特定的运动方向 常用动词连用 意为 进入 The hare ran into the forest 野兔跑进了森林 The students are going into the school bus in order one by one out of 从 里面出来 与 into 意思相 反 The hare came out of its cave 野兔从它的洞里出来了 The students are coming out of the school bus one by one through 表示从空间 穿过 The little dog can go through the hole in the door 那只小狗能从门洞里钻出来 across 表示从平面 穿过 river shoulderGo across the bridge and then turn left 过桥然后左 转 to toward towards 表示方向 意为 到某 地 或 朝 向 My father will go to Beijing next week The windows open towards the south 这个窗户向南开 along 表示 顺着 沿着 Go along this street 1 1 across across through through over over pastpast 的区别的区别 易混词用法例句 across 表示 穿过 越过 含有 从 表面穿过 之意 或指从一 边到另一边而进行的动作 表示 游渡 乘船过海或过河时用 across He can swim across the river 他可以游过这条河 through 都表示 穿过 越过 含有 从 中间 穿过之意 She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son 她必须拨开人 群到达她儿子身边 over 多指在空间范围上 越过 The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast 飞机从东南部的群山上飞过 past 指 经过 They walked past a tall tree 他们路过一颗高高的树 教育资料 地点介词真题操练 地点介词真题操练 1 The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in the open windows making us feel in a good mood 心情 A on B with C through 2 The old man is a good swimmer and even now he always swims the Pearl River after supper A over B through C to D across 二 地点介词真题操练 二 地点介词真题操练 1 Why are you standing Alice I can t see the blackboard clearly Two tall toys are sitting me A behind B next to C between D in front of 2 Wushu is becoming more and more popular westerners A among B between C in D within 3 Is this your father home No he s working late the office A on B at C of D to 四 考点三四 考点三 方式介词方式介词 基本分类基本用法例子 with 表示使用的工具或手段 一般接具体的 手段或工具 You must do your exam with a pen 你必须用钢笔答题 by 表示一种方式或方法 后面的名词不加冠词 也无复数形式 by 以跟动名词 They go to school by bike The old man made a living by selling newspapers 那个 老人以卖报为生 方式介词 in 表示用材料或语言等 You can write in black ink 你可以用黑色墨水写 What s this in English 这个用英语怎么说 1 1 in in withwith 和和 byby 表示表示 用用 时的区别时的区别 易混词用法例句 in 主要表示用语言 声音 原材料等 Can you sing this song in English with 表示用具体有形的东西 I write my homework with a pen by 表示用 手段或方式 后常接动 名词 The girl made money by selling flowers 2 2 withwith 和和 withoutwithout 的区别的区别 易混词用法例句 with 有 和 附带 带有 之意 with the help of 在 的帮助 play with 和谁一起玩 talk with 和 讨论 教育资料 without 有 没有 之意without help 没有帮助 without breakfast 没吃早餐 三 方式介词真题操练 三 方式介词真题操练 1 I couldn t do it your great help Thanks a lot A with B without C for D to 2 Kelly who s the girl glasses in the photo It s me I used to wear glasses and have long hair A by B of C on D With 3 It s time the weather report Turn on the radio please A to B in C at D for 4 Students are encouraged to share their learning experience their classmates A to B in C at D with 5 You can improve your English practicing more A by B with C of D in 6 7 Bruce won second prize in the piano competition A In B At C On D for 4 4 by by inin 和和 onon 表示旅行方式的区别表示旅行方式的区别 易混词用法例子 by 1 不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用 by 2 涉及表示交通工具的名词 且该名词为单数名词 前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用 by by sea by air by ship by plane on 或者 in 当旅行方式涉及确定的 特指的交通工具时 用 on 或 in 交通工具前应有冠词 物主代词 指示代词等修饰 语 在开放型或半开放型工具前用 on 在封闭型工具前 用 in on my bike in a car 方式介词真题操练 方式介词真题操练 7 I like going to school my bike A in B on C by D at 8 After the final exam Changchang her mother is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time A and B with C as well 9 Bill has made great progress the help of his teachers A for B with C under 10 Who did you go to the movies Nobody I went alone A with B about C for D from 五 考点四五 考点四 常用介词的用法及辨析 常用介词的用法及辨析 一 一 inin 和和 onon 的区别的区别 教育资料 易混词用法例句 on the tree 表示枝 叶 果实等长 在 树上 There are some apples on the trees 树上 有些苹果 in the tree 表示人或其他东西 在树上 There are some monkeys in the tree 树上 有些猴子 on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂 在墙上 There is a picture on the wall 墙上有一 幅画 in the wall 表示门 窗等嵌 在墙上 There is a hole in the wall 墙上有个洞 2 2 表示地点的介词表示地点的介词 in in onon 和和 toto 的区别的区别 易混词用法例句 in 表示在某一地区之内的某方 向 属于该范围 Guandong is in the south of China 广东位 于中国的南部 范围之内 to 表示在某一地区之外的某方 向 不属于该范围 Japan is to the east of China 日本在中国 的东边 范围之外 不接壤 on 表示与某地的毗邻关系Korea is on the east of China 朝鲜毗邻 中国 在中国的东边 毗邻 三 三 afterafter 与与 behindbehind 区别区别 两个词都有 在 后 之意 behind 只表示位置方面的 在 之后 不能表示时间 而 after 则表示时间方面的 在 之后 ForFor examples examples behind the school 在学校后面 after 5 o clock 5 点之后 after the house 在房子后面 4 4 atat 和和 toto 表行为对象时的区别表行为对象时的区别 易混词用法例句 at 与某些动词连用 表攻击的 目标 含有某种程度的恶意 shout at 对 大喊 smile at 对 微笑 laugh at 嘲笑 Don t laugh at others It is impolite to 只表示方向 没有恶意She came to me and shook my hand warmly 她 向我走来并且热情地跟我握手 5 5 ofof 和和 inin 用于最高级结构中的区别用于最高级结构中的区别 易混词用法例句 of 后接数词或可数名词复数Tom is the tallest of the four 汤姆是这四 教育资料 个孩子中个子最高的 in 后一般接可数名词的单数形 式 Tom is the tallest boy in the class 汤姆 是班里个子最高的男孩 六 六 toto 的两种用法的区别的两种用法的区别 易混词用法例句 介词 名词 代词或动名词 pay attention to 注意 make a contribution to 贡献 get used to 习惯于 prefer to 更喜欢 look forward to 期待 to 动词不定式 动词原形 want to do sth decide to do sth 七 常用介词辨析之真题操练 七 常用介词辨析之真题操练 1 Most people are building a paper factory near here They are worried the river will get polluted A for B with C against D beyond 2 The boy looks nice white while the red sweater looks good the girl A with on B in on C on in D in with 3 The Dragon Boat Festival in celebrated different ways the same time in different places every year A on in B in at C on at D on at 4 My aunt Jane tried her best to reduce her weight 6kg A about B at C to D by 5 Your bag looks the same mine Oh really It s a gift my father A with to B with from C as on D as from 6 The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the river A to B for C off D out 7 This problems is far me I am afraid I can t work it out Don t worry we will help you A beyond B beside C behind D between 8 The exhibition shows 200 paintings of young exciting artists from France A at B with C about D in 9 She had to sell the house even though it was her own wishes A for B above C against D on 10 Can I join Oxfam Trail walker Only if you are eighteen A over B under C blow D on 8 8 for for toto 和和 towardstowards 的区别的区别 教育资料 易混词用法例句 for 常用在 leave start 后 表示运动 的方向或目的 They will leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month 下个 月他们将去北京参加会议 to 接在 go come return move 等词 后 表示目的地 When did you return to Dongguan after the holiday 假期后 你什么时 候返回东莞 towards 意为 朝 向 只说明运动的方向 没有 到达 的意思 She walked slowly towards me 她慢慢地向我走来 介词真题操练 介词真题操练 1 She always wants to do the job which she has been trained A for B by C on D off 2 Excuse me Could you tell me the way to the People s Hospital Walk along this street the end and you ll find it on your left A in B by C to D at 3 What did you get your birthday Tony An iPad3 from my aunt A to B at C with D for 九 九 but but besidesbesides 和和 exceptexcept 的区别的区别 易混词用法例句 but 表示 除 之外 常与含 有否定意义的词连用 当 but 前有动词 do 时 but 后接动名词原形 We can do nothing but wait 除了等待我们什么也做不了 except 表示 除 之外 不再有 指从整体中排除 except 所带的人或物 前面常有 all every any no 等词 All the students go to the zoo except Jim 除了吉姆 所有的学生都去了动物 园 besides 表示