中考语法资料名词、代词

中考语法资料中考语法资料 第第 1 讲 名词讲 名词 名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了 我们吃的 food 喝的 drinks 穿的 clothes 都是名词 It is easy right 但是你可能被名词的单复数变化 名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里 糊涂的 到底该怎么用呢 OK follow me First 名词复数的特殊变化 名词复数的特殊变化 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加 s 或 es 可是偏偏有一些名词不听话 变化不规 则 这些小调皮是 a class box watch brush 等词以 s x ch sh 结尾 复数要加 es b story factory 等以 辅音字母 y 结尾的词复数要先将 y 变成 i 再加 es c knife wife life 等以 f 或 fe 结尾的词一般先将 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加 es d 以 o 结尾的名词 一般来说 末尾是 元音字母 o 的词加 s 我们学过的有 radio zoo 末尾是 辅音字母 o 的词 变复数加 es 如 tomato hero potato 当然其中的 piano 和 photo 又是一个例外 他们的结尾只能加 s e child children foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice man men woman women 等词的复数变化全不遵循规则 注意 与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 其复数形式也是 men 和 women 如 an Englishman two Englishmen 但 German 不是合成词 故复数形式为 Germans f deer sheep 等词更是懒得可以 竟然单复数同形 好记好记 people police cattle 等 词 以单数形式出现 但实为复数 所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式 这就是集体名词 the English the French the Chinese 等名词表示国民总称时 也作复数用 注意 maths politics physics 等学科名词 虽然以 s 结尾 仍为不可数名词 还有 theUnited States 美国 the United Nations 联合国 等应视为单数 别奇怪 名词有时也可以作定语的 它作定语时一般用单数 但也有以下例外 a man woman 等作定语时 它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定 如 men workers women teachers b 数词 名词作定语时 这个名词一般保留单数形式 中间加连字符 如 a ten mile walk 十里路 two hundred trees 两百棵树 哇 这些问题好复杂 我好想轻松一下 那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题 这里面内容可谓少之又少 可也不能小视呦 名词所有格 名词所有格 表示 的 通常是在名词的后面加 s 如 Children s day father s shoes 但以 s 结尾 的名词因为已经有 s 了 只需加 就 OK 了 如果两个名词并列 并且分别有 s 则表示 分别有 如 John s and Mary s room 约翰和玛丽各有一间 共两间 两个名词并列 只有一个 s 则表示 共有 如 John and Mary s room 约翰和玛丽共有一间 还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词 of 来帮助一下 如 a map of China the end of this term 好 名词部分我们已经学完 It s a piece of cake 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了 Are you ready 练习 1 All the teachers and students are having a meeting there A women girls B women girl C woman girls D woman girl 2 Mr Black is a friend of A Jack s aunt s B Jack s aunt C Jack aunt s D aunt s of Jack 3 This toy was made by a boy A ten year old B ten years old C ten year older D ten years older 4 The farmer raised ten A sheeps B deers C horse D cows 5 She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as A her grandmother B her grandmother s C her grandmothers D that of her grandmother 6 We have moved into a A two storey house B house of two storey C two storeys house D two storeys house 7 The was too much for the child to carry A box s steel B box of a steel C steel box D box of the steel 8 We ll give our English teacher a card for A the Teacher s Day B Teacher s Day C a Teacher s Day D Teachers Day 9 Li Ping met an old friend of on a train yesterday A he B him C his D her 10 are big and bright A The classroom window B The window of the classroom C The windows of the classroom D The classroom s windows 实战 1 Don t worry Your son will come back in hour A a B an C the D 2 This nice blouse isn t mine It s A you B your C Lucy D yours 3 What s potato in Chinese It s A 香蕉 B 大白菜 C 西红柿 D 土豆 4 The ninth month of a year is A December B November C September D October 5 A Must I leave now B No you A needn t B mustnt C don t D won t 6 We have a history lesson Wednesday afternoon A on B of C at D to 7 Suan has made quite friends since she came to China A few B a few C little D a little 8 A Have you ever to the West Lake B Yes I there last winter A gone went B been went C gone have been D been have 9 Do you English A tell B say C talk D speak 10 A May I your ruler B OK I m glad to it to you A lend borrow B lend lend C borrow lend D borrow borrow 11 We ll go to the museum if it tomorrow A can t rain B won t rain C don t rain D doesn t rian 12 Do you know A where does he study B he studies where C where he studies D he where studies 13 A do you go to see your grandparents B Once a month A How often B How long C how much D how many 14 A Would you like another cup of orange B I m full A No thanks B Yes please C Here it is D I don t like 15 You must be tired Why not a rest A to stop to have B stop having C stop to have D to stop having 第第 2 讲 代词讲 代词 我们刚刚讲完了名词 现在再来看看名词的 brother 代词 它与名词的作用其实很相似 所担当的句中成分也相差不多 但也别小看代词呀 它还有很多的 小个性 呢 只要抓 住它的几个 小脾气 那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了 代词中第一个 小个性 就是物主代词 像 my 和 mine 这两个小冤家总是让人分不清 谁是谁 但你只要记住它们最重要的区别 my 的后面一定要接名词 不可以单独出现 只 能做定语 如 my father 而 mine 则是名词性 只能单独出现 在句中做主语和表语 如 Mine is green It s mine 记住这两个句子 凡是名词性物主代词 yours hers his its ours theirs 就都可以放在 mine 的位置上了 这样 通过它们出现的位置不同 我们就可 以把它们区别开了 代词的第二个 罗嗦 就是它有一个小跟班 self selves 反身代词 也就是表示 自己 亲自 的意思 关于反身代词 需要注意的是她不能单独做主语 但可以放在人 称代词后面 做同位语 如 Marry herself said so 玛丽她自己这么说的 不能 说 Herself said so 下面我给你开点小灶 单独讲一讲须 特特 注意的地方 Of 名词性物主代词 of 物主代词构成双重所有格 公式为 a an this that 名 词 of 名词性物主代词 牢记公式 举一反三 因为物主代词不可与 a an this that these those some any no each every such another 等词一起前置 修饰一个名词 而必须用双重 所有格 如 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 each brother of his 他的每一个兄弟 some any 的用法的用法 我们都知道 some 用于肯定句中 而 any 则用于否定句和疑问句中 所以 somebody someone 也用于肯定句中 而 anybody anyone 则用于否定和疑问句中 注意 在 Would youlike some coffee 要来点咖啡吗 这样的肯定疑问句中 说话 人认为对方的答案会是肯定的 或期望得到肯定回答时 用 some 而不用 any every 和和 each 的用法的用法 every 强调全体的概念 指三个以上的人或物 含三个 不可 单独使用 each 强调个体概念 指两个以上的人或物 含两个 可单独使用 Every student in our school works hard 我们学校的学生都很用功 Each student may have one book 每个学生都可有一本书 both either neither 的用法的用法 both 意为 两者全都 与复数连用 either 意为 两者中间的任何一个 neither 表 示 两者之间一个也不是 与单数连用 如 Both of the them come from London 他们两 人都是伦敦人 You may take either with you 两个中间你随便带哪个都行 Neither is correct 两个都不对 Few a few 和和 little a little 的用法的用法 Few a few 用来代替和修饰可数名词 little a little 用来代替和修饰不可数名词 a few 和 a little 着重肯定意思 相当于汉语 有几个 有一点儿 few 和 little 着重否定意思 相当于汉语 没有几个 没有多少 OK 代词部分我们已经学完 It s a piece of cake 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了 Are you ready 练习 1 We had plenty of paper but ink A a few B few C not many D not much 2 Learning a foreign language is especially difficult for those who have have never learned before A one B it C them D that 3 We re very busy because we ve so books to read and so homework to do every day A much many B many much C many a lot D a lot much 4 I thought of the matter but still couldn t find out the reason A every B both C nothing D everything 5 My car is not so expensive as A him B he s C he D his 6 Lily and Lucy have arrived but students aren t here yet A other B others C the other D the others 7 There are high buildings on side of the street A both B every C any D either 8 What do you usually have for breakfast eggs and milk A Little a few B A little a little C A few a little D A few a few 9 is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it A Something B Anything C Nothing D Everything 10 Is this story the same as in that book A the one B what C that D it 实战 1 There is old woman in the car A 不填 B the C a D an 2 We often go to the park Sundays A on B in C at D from 3 My book on the desk A is B am C are D be 4 Which language is English French or Chinese A difficult B the difficult C more difficult D the most difficult 5 book is this It s Kate s A when B Why C Where D whose 6 Can you write a letter in English No I A may not B mustn t C can t D needn t 7 I my homework when Mike came last nig