【超值精品】2013届高考英语 5年高考3年模拟 专题十六 阅读理解（事实细节）（浙江专版）

1 超值精品 超值精品 20132013 届英语科届英语科 5 5 年高考年高考 3 3 年模拟年模拟 专题十六专题十六 阅读理解 事实细节 阅读理解 事实细节 备考策略备考策略 做细节理解题时 大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢 缺乏一定的快速阅读 技巧 考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力 解答此类试题时 不必通篇细看原文 而应 采取 带着问题找答案 的方法 先从问题中抓住关键性词语 然后以此为线索 运用略 读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落 语句 仔细品味 对照比较 确 定答案 除了运用扫读法外 还可以兼用排除法 将 无此细节 和 与此细节相反 的 选项排除 要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节 就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧 查阅 是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的 它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案 它往往与略 读综合使用 第一招 直接细节理解题答案与原文挂钩 在文中可直接找到答案 但往往与原文中的语句并 非一模一样 而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思 间接细节理解题需要通过有 关词语和句子的转换 利用主要事实 图表 图形来获取信息 然后利用因果 类比 时 间 空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工 整理 方能做出正确的判断 此类试题在 高考中占大多数 其常见命题方式有 1 特殊疑问句形式 以 what who when where which how much many 等引出 的问题 2 是非题 通常以 true false not true false 提问以及以 according to the text 开头 3 填空题 通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节 4 就文中数字 排序 识图等提问 第二招 略读材料 大概了解全文 掌握其中心或主旨 第三招 按文章的体裁 如记叙文 说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式和有关的信息词 如 for example first second 等预测应该到何处寻求自己所需要的事实 段落的组织 形式常见的有时间型段落 空间型段落 列举型段落 例证型段落 程序型段落和对比型 段落等 如时间型段落和空间型段落要凭借表达时间和空间的信息词按时间和空间的组织 形式进行查读 寻找有关细节 第四招 将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上 快速通篇跳读 眼睛自左至右 自上而下呈 Z 型 扫读 直到找到含细节句子时 就要放慢速度 仔细核对 比较内容 直至找到答案 第五招 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也能有助于提高答题的正确率 一般情况下 干扰项有以 下五个特点 是原文信息 但不是题目要求的内容 符合常识 但不是文内容 与 原句的内容极为相似 只是在程度上有些变动 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 部分正确 部分错误 值得一提的是 有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语甚至一个单 词 因此需要我们阅读中格外仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息 考点解析考点解析 细节理解题细节理解题就是我们常见的 wh题 它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实 例证 原因 2 过程 论述等进行提问的 是对文章 或某一段落 中某一些特定细节或重要事实的辨认能 力 从高考开始以来 细节理解题占阅读理解题总量的一半以上 1 Which of the following statements is not true or correct 2 Which of the following is not mentioned in the text 3 All of the following are true except 4 The author or the passage states that 5 According to the passage when where why how who what which etc 提问方式 1 隐含提问法 出题者使用同义词语 参照词 代词等 使考生对阅读内容和问题产生模糊感 例 如 The basketball team never lacked vociferous 大叫大嚷的 young supporters but they rarely responded to this show of enthusiasm QuestionQuestion Who seldom reacted to that enthusiastic show A The young people B The players C Some people D A lot of people 因为 the basketball team 和 players seldom reacted 和 rarely responded 是 两对同义关系的词语 而 they 又与 basketball team 有参照关系 所以答案应该是 B 2 真伪证实法 出题者要求考生确立文章中的事实 不让其问题直接与文章中的事实对号入座 而 是提出似是而非 或完全错误的事实让考生去判断 对于这类题目 考生不要根据自己读 文章的最初印象马上加以判断 而必须找到与问题相应的文章部分 找出正确肯定的事实 才可以据此判定否定的或错误的答案 3 间接提问法 迂回提问法 问题不直接提出 而是绕着弯子提出 比如 涉及时间 距离及数据等时 你必须 经过复杂的测算才能确定答案 有时 选择答案给你的数据与文章中的数据不符 只是一 个近似数值 其他选择答案完全不沾边 完全错误 或者 提问者只给你一部分事实 让 读者续出相应的事实使其更完整正确 这又叫做省略提问法 答案及解析 56 C 由第一段最后一句可知 妈妈和 Patrick 太太正忙于清扫 后来 遇到她时 她惭愧地笑了 好像做错了事似的 由此可知 她当时本应该忙着干活 58 D 第七段 The strange thing was we didn t mention that day afterward I felt a little embarrassed Surely none of the others had been as excited as I 作者认为 只有她一个人还记得当初放风筝的美好时刻 而其他人都忘 记了 59 B 原本这位母亲用各种借口来推脱孩子去外面玩的要求 但是当她的母亲回忆起那个 放风筝的日子时 往日美好的场景开始充斥这位母亲的思绪 所以她欣然答应外出 60 A 第七段作者觉得只有自己还封存着那个美好的回忆 自己是孤单的 但是 这个从战场回来的男孩 却也是靠着那个美好的回忆在战俘营中生存了下来 所以作者不 是一个人在珍惜那段记忆 3 五年高考五年高考 A A 组组 20122012 年全国高考题组年全国高考题组 1 2012 浙江卷 B BelowBelow isis a a selectionselection aboutabout GuinnessGuinness 吉尼斯 吉尼斯 WorldWorld Records Records TopTop 6 6 UnusualUnusual GuinnessGuinness WorldWorld RecordsRecords FastestFastest 100100 m m runningrunning onon allall foursfours The 2008 Guinness World Records Day was according to CWR their biggest day of record breaking ever I h more than 290 000 people taking put in record attempts in 15 different countries Kenichi Ito s record attempt was port of this special day He is just another example of Japanese with super powers His super power is to run with great speed on all fours Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18 58 seconds The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo Tokyo in 2008 MostMost peoplepeople insideinside a a soapsoap bubblebubble The Discovery Science Center in Santa Ana Califomia celebrated this year the 15th anniversary of the Bubble 泡泡 Festival A bubble s math principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the three week long exhibition The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the program Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Center to set a new Guinness World Record for mow people inside a scup bubble and they succeeded The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it The record was set or April 4 2011 LongestLongest earsears onon a a dogdog A bloodhound from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured a dog The right ear is 13 75 inches long and the left one 13 5 inches The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner Mr Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title Each of his ears measured approximately 11 5 inches long His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record but when he died Mr Jeffries look over MostMost livingliving generationsgenerations Did you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generation in one family Seven is the answer The ultimate authority on record breaking mentions on the website that the youngest great great great great grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung aged 109 years 97 days followed by her daughter aged 89 her granddaughter aged 70 her great grand daughter aged 52 her great great grand daughter aged 33 and her great great great granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her great great great great grandson on January 21 1989 MostMost T T shirtsshirts wornworn atat onceonce 4 Believe it or not there is a record also for this category Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22 2010 for wearing 245 T shirts at the same time The nun from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record bolder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T shirts in 1ess than two hours The T shirts weighted 68 KG and Budiseli said he began struggling around T shirt No 120 He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 T shirts HeaviestHeaviest pumpkinpumpkin Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9 2010 that a gigantic pumpkin 南瓜 grown in Wisconcin was officially the world s heaviest It weighed 1 810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota Stevens pumpkin was 85 pounds Javier than the previous re I another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio The proud farmer said his secret is a precise of rain cow mature good soil sea grass and fish emulsion Some of the world s heaviest pumpkins including the record bolder were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New Yost for a dozen days 46 Why is Kenichi Ito described s a man with a super power A He set a good example to all Japanese B He made record attempts in 15 different countries C He set a new record for Fastest 100 m running on all fours D He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities 47 Jeffries is the name of A the owner of the dog with the longest ears B the grandfather of the dog with the longest care C the present holder of the record for Longest care on a dog I the former holder of the record for longest care on a dog 48 How many T shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on A 68 B 120 C 238 D 245 49 According to the given information which Guinness World Record was most recently set A The record for Most people inside a soup bubble B The record for Most living generations C The record for Most T shirts worn at once D The record for Heaviest pumpkin 考点 日常生活类 小品文 文章大意 能够上吉尼斯纪录是多么了不起的事情 那我们就来了解一下吉尼斯世界纪 录的前六名吧 看看究竟有什么奇迹发生呢 46 答案 C 试题解析 细节理解题 根据第一部分的倒数第二句 His super power is to run with great speed on all fours Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18 58 seconds 可知答案 C 符合文意 5 47 答案 D 试题解析 细节理解题 根据第三部分的标题 LongestLongest earsears onon a a dogdog 和第二段的开头 Mr Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title 可知答案 D 符合文 意 48 答案 B 试题解析 细节理解题 根据第五部分的倒数第二句 The T shirts weighted 68 KG and Budiseli said he began struggling around T shirt No 120 可知答案 B 符合文意 49 答案 A 试题解析 细节理解题 根据文章中讲述的 6 大吉尼斯世界纪录的时间提示 可以得知 答案 A The record was set or April 4 2011 是最新的时间 故符合文意 难度 一般 长难句解析 The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it 这个从事肥皂泡事业 有 27 年的家族创造了一个巨大的肥皂泡 可容纳 118 人在其中 that 引导定语从句 在定语从句中主语 不可省略 修饰先行词 the family 2 2012 全国新课标 A Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids 孩子 to Try some of these places Visit art museums They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest Many offer workshops for making land made pieces traveling exhibits book signings by children s favorite writer and even musical performances and other arts Head to a natural history museum This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur 恐龙 models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky Also ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up Go to a Youtheater Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors Pre show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet 木偶 making and stage make up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find 6 Try hands on science Visit one of the many hands on science museums around the country These science play lands are great fun for kids and grown ups alike They ll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons experimenting and building When everyone is tired enjoy a fun family science show commonly found in these museums 文章大意 这是一篇应用文 本文介绍了 4 则儿童旅游的广告 第一则 艺术博物馆 第二个自然历史博物馆 第三则木偶剧院 第四则自己动手科学博物馆 57 What can kids do at a Youtheater A Look at rock collections B See dinosaur models C Watch puppet making D Give performances 答案 C 解析 根据第三则广告中的 Pre show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts 可知 C 正确 考点定位 考查细节理解 58 What does hands on science mean in the last paragraph A Science games designed by kids B Learning science by doing things C A show of kids science work D Reading science books 答案 B 解析 根据文章中的最后一个广告中的 They ll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons experimenting and building 可知在这种博物馆中 孩子们通过按按钮 做实验和建东西去体验 所以 B 正确 考点定位 考查细节理解 3 2012 四川卷 B Here is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012 More than 200 7 B it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University The multi branched Torch Aloe here is impressive The African plant produces red flowers above blue green leaves and is not one to miss Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals The Garden is also a place for wildlife enthusiasts Look for grass snakes in the lake A snake called Hissing Sid is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun Byron sByron s PoolPool Many stories surround Lord Byron s time as a student of Cambridge University Arriving in 1805 he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of mess and drunkenness However it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough I m not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his rooms He spent a great deal of time walking in the village It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake which is now known as Byron s Pool A couple of miles past Grantchester 14 in the south Cambridgeshire countryside the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea If you don t trust me then perhaps you ll take it from Virginia Woolf over a century after Byron she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool 61 As mentioned in the passage there is a small charge for A attending the masters class B working with local artists C learning life drawing D seeing an exhibition 62 Torch Aloe and Venus Flytrap are A common insects B impressive plants C rarely seen snakes D wildlife enthusiasts 64 In the passage Byron s Pool is described as a lake A surrounded by fields B owned by Lord Byron C located in Grantchester D discovered by Virginia Woolf 61 细节理解题 从第一部分中的 The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee 可知答案 62 细节理解题 从第二部分找到这两种名称便知 64 细节理解题 A couple of miles past Grantchester 排除 C from Virginia Woolf over a century after Byron she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool 排除 D 文章没提到 own 的问题 the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields 为答案出处 9 2012 安徽卷 A Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear 鞋类 in the world that will make you green with envy Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits 展品 from all over the world You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars Room 1 The celebrity 名人 footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes Room 2 Most of our visitors are amazed and shocked by the collection of special purpose shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear For 15 and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors Most visitors find the celebrities choice of footwear extremely interesting example there are Chinese shoes made of Silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to prevent them from growing too much Room 3 As well as shoes and boots the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects The variety is unbelievable For example there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes and Greek wine bottles that like legs The footwear Library People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library Designers and researchers come here to look up Information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear 56 Where would you find a famous singer s shoes A Room1 B Room 2 C Room3 D The Footwear Library 57 All exhibits in each room A share the same theme B have the same shape C are made of the same material D belong to the same social class 58 Which of the following is true according to the text A The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s B Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum C Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two D Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data 56A56A 是一道细节题 是一道细节题 room1room1 里面就是明星们的鞋里面就是明星们的鞋 57A57A 也是一道细节题 也是一道细节题 room1room1 2 2 3 3 都是按照主题分类的 都是按照主题分类的 58D58D A A 错了 错了 room1room1 起源于起源于 50s 50s 但是没有具体说最早的展品就是那时制造的 但是没有具体说最早的展品就是那时制造的 B B 明显明显 16 错误 错误 room1room1 才是才是 thethe mostmost popularpopular 答案 答案 C C 错了 错了 room3room3 只是展示只是展示 shoeshoe shapedshaped objects objects 10 2012 北京卷 A TheThe BasicsBasics ofof MathMath MadeMade ClearClear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra 代数 and beyond The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic They also look into exponents 指数 the order of operations and square roots In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations students discover why these operations work how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics and how these operations can be used practically Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students The lectures offer students the chance to make sense of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing and completely understandable field of study By the conclusion of the course students will have improved their understanding of basic math They will be able to clear away the mystery 神秘性 of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined In addition they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges Professor H Siegel honored by Kentucky Educational Television as the best math teacher in America is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems he is master in making math lectures learner friendlier and less scary With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University Dr Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College His courses include various make up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer Or you can get your money back 56 What does the course Basic Math mainly cover A Algebra B College Mathematics C Arithmetic D Mathematics Education 57 What benefits can students expect from Basic Math A Stronger imaginative ability B Additional presentation skills C More mathematical confidence D Greater chances of becoming teachers 17 56 C Basic Math 包括哪些方面 第二段中 The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic 57 C 第 4 段中 They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined B B 组组 2008 20112008 2011 年全国高考模拟题组年全国高考模拟题组 1 20111 2011 浙江卷浙江卷 A A One evening in February 2007 a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path That s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line Seconds later she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks Ceely s nearnear missmiss made the news because she blamed it on he GPS 导航仪 She had never driven the route be