八年级英语下学期 Unit 1 Will people have robots人类将会拥有机器人吗英语语法素材 人教新目标版

用心 爱心 专心1 UnitUnit 1 1 WillWill peoplepeople havehave robots robots 人类将会拥有机器人吗 人类将会拥有机器人吗 一般将来时 1 由 Will Shall 动词原形 构成的一般将来时 系动词 am is are 的原形都是 be 如 It will be very hot tomorrow Shall 适用于第一人称 I We Will 适用于所有人 称 通常可以用 will 来代替 shall Will Shall 均可缩写为 ll 如 I will I ll she will she ll 否定句形式 will not won t shall not shan t 2 与一般将来时连用的时间状语有 tomorrow the day after tomorrow next week soon in the future in three days some day 3 There be 句型中的一般将来时 There will be 名词 其他成分 如 There will be fewer cars 4 形容词 more fewer 和 less 的用法 More 更多的 原形 many 和 much 修饰 C 复数或 U Fewer 更少的 原形 few 修饰 C 复数 Less 更少的 原形 little 修饰 U Unit2 What should I do 我应该做什么 1 情态动词 should Should 和 can may must 等情态动词一样 无人称和数的变化 后接动词原形 能独立 构成疑问句和否定句 如 Who should pay the taxes You shouldn t play football in the street 2 情态动词 could 单独的情态动词 表 能 可以 用来提供建议 后跟动词原形 它和 should 都用来提供 建议 如 I will take part in a party tomorrow night but my clothes are out of style I need some money to buy some clothes in style What should I do You could borrow some money from your friends No I don t like to do that Then you should get a part time job and make some money 3 提建议 You should could do 你应该 可以 1 Why not do 为什么不 做 怎么样 2 Why don t you do 你为什么不 3 What How about doing 如何 4 Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived 当飞碟到达的时候你在干什么 过去进行时 1 过去进行时表在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作 是由 was were 现在分词 构成 was 用于第一 三人称单数 were 用于其他人称 与过去 进行时连用的过去时间状语有 at this that time yesterday morning at that moment at 10 o clock last night 等 2 过去进行时还可表在过去某个时间即将发生的动作 主要限于 come go leave meet arrive take off 等动词 用心 爱心 专心2 3 判断句子是否用过去进行时 根据时间状语判断 at eight ten o clock last night at this that time 1 yesterday at ten yesterday evening from 7 to 10 yesterday evening 等 根据 when 或 while 引导的状语从句判断 如 I was reading the newspaper when my 2 father got home 根据上下文的意思判断 如 Last night I was watching TV Suddenly 突然 the 3 light was out 4 when 与 while 在过去进行时中的句型结构 1 when 的用法 when 从句 一般过去时 主句 过去进行时 1 动作 fell into the sea fishing 例句 When one of them fell into the sea the boys were fishing 意义 主句动作正在进行过程中 又发生从句动作 when 从句 过去进行时 主句 一般现在时 2 动作 walking dropped down to 例句 When I was walking in the park my wallet dropped down to the ground 意义 从句动作正在进行时 又有主句动作发生 2 while 的用法 while 从句 过去进行时 主句 一般现在时 1 动作 watching began to rain 例句 While I was watching the football game it began to rain 意义 从句动作正在进行时 又发生主句动作 While 从句 过去进行时 主句 过去进行时 2 动作 washing cooking 例句 While Dad was washing his car Mum was cooking 意义 从句动作正在进行的同时 主句动作也在进行中 5 特别提示 When 引导的从句既可表某一点时间 后接瞬间性动词 when 句型 又可表某一段时间 1 后接延续性动词 也就是说 当指一段时间时 when 可用 while 代替 但当指一点时间时 when 不能用 while 代替 如 When we arrived in shanghai it was just eight o clock when 指一点时间 When while we were watching TV he came in when 与 while 指一段时间 注意 while we arrived in shanghai Unit4 He said I was hard working 他说我工作很努力 直接引语和间接引语 1 含义 引述别人的话时 采用两种方式 一是引用别人的原话 两边用引号标出 称 为直接引语 二是用自己的语言转述别人的话 称为间接引语 引述或转述要由动词来 承担 有 say tell ask think write 等 2 直接引语变间接引语的方法 1 从句人称的变化 直接引语的主语是第一人称变化时要和主句的主语保持一致 1 直接引语的主语是第二人称变化时要与主句的宾语保持一致 2 用心 爱心 专心3 直接引语的主语是第三人称变化时人称不变 如 3 They said We will go there by bus They said they would go there by bus She said to me Are you interested in science She asked me if I was interested in science His mother told me that he couldn t go to school 2 从句动词时态的变化 主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时 直接引语变化时 从句时态保持一致 如 1 He says I have finished my homework He says that he has finished his homework She will say I ll do it tomorrow She will say that she ll do it the next day 主句的时态是一般过去时 从句的时态要作相应的变化 即 2 一般现在时 一般过去时 1 一般过去时 过去完成时 2 现在进行时 过去进行时 3 现在完成时 过去完成时 4 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 5 一般将来时 过去将来时 如 6 The girl said I m sorry for being late for class The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class He said to me I am writing a letter He told me that he was writing a letter 3 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理 变化时 从句时态不变 如 The teacher said The earth moves around the sun The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun 3 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和动词的变化 1 指示代词变化 this that these those 等 2 时间状语变化 now then today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day 等 3 地点状语变化 here there 4 动词变化 come go 如 She said I will come this evening She said that she would go that evening He said My sister was here three days ago but she is not here now He said that his sister had been there three days before but she was not there then 4 间接引语的语序及引导词 直接引语变化时 间接引语应用陈述句语序 直接引语如是陈述句 主句与从句之间用 that 引导 有时可省略 如是特殊疑问句 主句与从句之间就用原来的疑问词引导 如是 一般疑问句 主句与从句之间用 if 或 whether 引导 如 My teacher said I come from shanghai My teacher said that he came from shanghai He asked me Where do you come from He asked me where I came from 用心 爱心 专心4 I asked her Did you watch the game yesterday I asked her whether she had watched the game the day before Unit5 If you go to the party you ll have a great time 如果你去参加晚会你会玩得很开心的 If 引导的条件状语从句 1 含义与结构 If 意为 如果 可用来引导条件状语从句 条件状语从句属于复合句 从句表主句动作发 生的前提或条件 if 引导的从句在句中的位置比较灵活 可放在主句之前 这时要和主句 用逗号隔开 也可放在句子的后面 不使用逗号 其结构 If 陈述句 主句 谓语 主语 谓语 if 陈述句 意为 如果 就 如 If you ask him he will help you 2 用法 1 条件状语从句通常由连词 if 引导 意为 如果 假如 主句不能用 be going to 表将 来 而应该用 shall will If you leave now you are never going to regret it 1 If you leave now you will never regret it 2 3 if 引导条件状语从句 主句用一般将来时 从句用一般现在时 主将从现 注意宾语 从句中的 if 与条件状语从句 if 的区别 宾语从句中的 if 是否 相当于 whether 引 导宾语从句 时态需根据语境确定 如 I don t know if it will rain tomorrow Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells 现在完成进行时的用法 1 概念及构成 现在完成进行时表从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作 而且还要继续下去 其结构 助动 词 have has been 动词 ing 现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词 如 live learn study work 等 常与 for tow hours since 1996 all this morning these few days 等表示一段时间的状语连用 如 I have been cleaning the room all this morning 我今天一上午都在打扫房间 I ve been studying English since I was 4 years old 自从 4 岁起我就一直学英语 2 现在完成进行时的句型 1 肯定句 主句 have has been 动词 ing 其他 如 I have been learning English for ten years 我学英语已经十年了 I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old 我从十岁起就一直在集邮 2 否定句 主语 have has not been 动词 ing 其他 如 I haven t been seeing films for a long time 我有很长时间没有看电视了 I haven t been doing my homework since eight o clock 从 8 点钟我就一直没做作业 3 一般疑问句 Have Has 主语 been 动词 ing 其他 肯定回答 Yes 主语 have has 否定回答 No 主语 haven t hasn t 如 Have you been doing your homework since this morning 从今天早上你就一直在写 作业吗 Yes I have Has he been writing the letters to his friend 他一直在给他的朋友写信吗 用心 爱心 专心5 No he hasn t 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句 如 How long has it been raining 雨下多久了 What book have you been reading recently 最近你在看什么书 3 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 1 现在完成时强调动作的完成 而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行 如 I have read a book about birds 已经读完 I have been reading a book about birds 一直都在读 现在还在读 还会继续读下去 2 两种时态都有延续性 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实 一种影响或结果 无感情 色彩 现在完成进行时表一个动作的延续 重复 有时有一定的感情色彩 如 She has been singing all the day 她都唱了一整天了 抱怨 厌烦 Unit7 Would you mind turning down the music 请你把音乐声音调小好吗 1 Would you mind 的用法 Would you mind 意为 你介意 吗 mind 后接动词 ing 形式 如 Would you mind moving your bike Would you mind not singing here 1 在 Would you mind doing 结构中 doing 为动名词 用来提出客气的请求 动名词是由动词原形加词尾 ing 构成 其构成法与现在分词一样 2 Would you mind 之后接 sb s doing 形式 用来询问 征求对方的意见 在 非正式的文体中 doing 形式之前的所有格可换成宾格形式 如 Would you mind my me smoking here 3 在某些动词后只能用动名词 而另一些动词后只能用不定式 目前我们学过的有 mind finish enjoy 等 如 He enjoys walking in the park I finished reading the book yesterday Would you mind opening the window 2 动名词的否定式 Would you mind not doing 如 Would you mind not shouting 3 回答带有 mind 的问句时应该注意 yes 或 no 都是针对 mind 选用的 表 介意 在乎 时 选用 yes 后面跟句子 意思是不让对方做某事 表 不介意 不在乎 时 选用 no 后面跟句子 意思是允许对方做某事 如对 Do you mind my smoking here 的回 答 用 Yes you d better not 是的 你最好别抽 用 No certainly not 不介意 你当然可以抽 4 情态动词 shall will 及 should 的用法 1 shall 表说话者的意图 允许 警告 命令 决心等 用于陈述句的第二 三人称中 有 必须 1 应 可 之意 如 You shall buy that book tomorrow 你应该明天买这本书 询问 征求意见 如 2 Shall I close the window 我关上窗户好吗 2 should 表义务 责任或劝告 有 应该 应当 之意 如 You should learn from each other 你们应该互相帮助 用心 爱心 专心6 4 will 表意志 意愿 有 愿