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初二英语期末考试复习专项初二英语期末考试复习专项 词语辨析词语辨析 二 北京实验版 二 北京实验版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一 教学内容 期末考试复习专项 词语辨析 二 二 教学目标 通过本讲的学习使学生能够辨别同义词和近义词的意义和用法 三 教学重点 词语辨析 四 本讲重点知识讲解 1 leave 与 forget 的用法区别 1 Sorry Mr Green I my English book at home That s OK but don t forget next time A forgot B forget C left D kept 2 This morning I went to work in such a hurry that the key to my office at home A forgot B left C missed D lost leave 和 forget 均可表示 遗忘 其区别为 1 forget 通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用 如 Oh I ve forgotten my wallet 噢 我忘记带钱包了 Don t forget the cases 别忘了带箱子 Oh I ve forgotten my key 噢 我忘记带我的钥匙了 Don t forget the tickets and an umbrella 别忘了带戏票和雨伞 2 leave 在表示 遗忘 时 则通常要与表示地点的状语连用 如 Oh I ve left my wallet at home 噢 我的钱包放在家里忘带了 I ve left my watch upstairs I ll go and get it for you 我把表忘在楼上了 我去给你拿 She left the bag on the bus but it may not be there any longer 她把包忘在了公共汽车上 可是现在也许不在那儿了 Those who leave parcels on the train cannot expect to get them back 把包裹遗忘在火车上的人 别期望能找回失物 注 有时与 leave 连用的状语可能是疑问词 where 如 Where did I leave my shopping 我把买到的东西忘哪儿了 2 not only but also 的用法 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分 着重强调后者 其意为 不仅 而且 其 中的 also 有时可以省略 如 She not only plays well but also writes music 她不仅很会演奏 而且还会作曲 He not only writes his own plays he also acts in them 他不仅自编剧本 还饰演其中的角色 Not only men but also women were chosen 不仅仅是男的 女的也有被选中的 He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well 他不仅平时工作 星期日也工作 Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片 他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片 说明 若连接两个成分作主语 其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致 如 Not only you but also he has to leave 不只是你 他也得离开 若连接两个句子 not only 后面的句子要用倒装 如 Not only did he speak more correctly but he spoke more easily 他不仅说得更正确 而且讲得更流利 3 How about 都有哪些用法 英语中 How about 是一句常用的客套话 它后面可接名词 代词或动词 ing 形式 它的功能可不少呢 功能一 当对方谈论的事情不明确 需要询问清楚时 可用这一句型 如 I d like a cup of tea How about you 功能二 向对方提出建议或请求 相当于句型 Would you like 语气很委婉 如 How about having some bread Would you like some bread 功能三 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语 如 I m a teacher How about you 功能四 询问天气或身体等状况 如 How about the weather in your city How about your father 功能五 征求对方的看法或意见 如 How about this car 4 short low 的区别 short 和 low 均为形容词 都可以表示 低矮的 意思 short 表示人体的 低矮 而 low 表示建筑物 山等的 低矮 也可以表示声音 价格 温度 位置的 低 例如 Tom is a little shorter than Bill 汤姆比比尔矮一点 The temperature is too low today 今天的气温很低 另外 low 可以表示人的地位 低下 卑微 的意思 例如 Their social position was very low before liberation 解放前他们的社会地位很低下 5 be famous as 与 be famous for 的区别 be famous as 接的名词是主语的同位语成分 be famous for 接的名词表示著名的原因 This area is famous as a green tea producing place 这个地区作为绿茶产地而著名 The place is famous for its green tea 这个地方以它的绿茶而出名 be famous as 和 be famous for 的区别和用法 我们先通过以下这个例句来看一下 be famous as 的用法 This area is famous as a green tea producing place 这个地区作为绿茶产地而著名 在这个例句中形容词短语 be famous as 表示 以 而出名 的意思 或确切地说 是 作为 而出名 的意思 主要是表示人 以某种身份或职业而出名 或表示某地区 作为什么产地或地方而出名 或表示某事物 以某种形式而出名 如 Mark Twain was famous as a children story writer 马克 吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称 This book is famous as a reference book 这本书作为参考书而出名 注意 1 不要与 be famous for 混淆 词组 be famous for 表示人 以某种知识技能 作品或特征而出名 表示某地 以某种特产或特征而出名 或表示某事 以其内容 特 征 价值等而被人所知 如 He is famous for his skill in playing football 他因球艺而出名 The area is famous for its green tea 这个地区以产绿茶而著称 2 infamous 不是 famous 的反义词 infamous 的意思是 无耻的 臭名昭著的 如 The dictator s infamous deeds shocked the whole nation 那个独裁者的无耻行径震惊了整个国家 6 borrow 与 lend 的三大区别 1 从基本词义上看 两者都可表示 借 但是 borrow 指 借入 而 lend 则指 借出 两者其实是一 对反义词 而不是同义词 如 Can I borrow your bike 我可以借用你的自行车吗 He lent his dictionary to me 他把他的字典借给了我 He was often sent out to borrow 他常常被派出去借钱 Some people neither borrows nor lends 有的人既不借款也不贷款 2 从句型搭配上看 要表示 向某人借某物 英语用 borrow sth from sb 表示 介词用 from 如 Don t borrow money from her 不要向她借钱 Sam borrowed a car from his friend 萨姆向他的朋友借来了一辆车 要表示 把某物借给某人 英语用 lend sth to sb 表示 介词用 to 如 He lent his pen to me 他把他的钢笔借给了我 He told me not to lend it to her 他叫我别把它借给她 3 从是否接双宾语来看 lend 可接双宾语 即可用于 lend sb sth 但 borrow 则不能接双宾语 即不能用于 borrow sb sth 如 Could you lend me some money 你能否借给我一点钱 He offered to lend me some books 他主动提出借给我几本书 比较 正 She lent him some money 她借给他一些钱 正 She lent some money to him 她借给他一些钱 正 He borrowed some money from her 他向她借了一些钱 误 He borrowed her some money 7 across 的用法及易错点说明 1 用作介词或副词 注意以下用法 表示动态意义 意为 横过 到 的另一边 如 I can swim across the river in 10 minutes 我可以在十分钟之内游过河去 Can you swim across 你能游过去吗 表示静态意义 意为 在 的另一边 如 My house is just across the street 我家就在街道对面 We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight 我们十点钟离开多佛 午夜时应能抵达法国那边 可与介词 from 连用 表示 从 的另一边 如 He shouted to me from across the room 他从房间的另一边向我叫喊 表示 交叉 介词用法 或 从一边到另一边的宽度 副词用法 如 He sat there with his arms across his chest 他坐在那儿 两臂交叉放在胸前 The river is half a mile across 这条河半英里宽 2 不要将 across 误用作动词 如 from 不能说 The river is too deep and we can t across 可改为 The river is too deep and we can t cross 河水太深 我们过不去 3 用于 come run across 意为 偶然遇见 意外发现 不用于被动式 如 Where did you come run across her 你在哪儿碰到她的 I ve just come across a beautiful poem in this book 我在这本书里偶然发现一首优美的诗 8 before long 与 long before 的区别 1 before long 不久 很快 如 I ll be back before long 不久我就会回来 Before long he got married 不久他就结婚了 2 long before 1 老早 早就 单独使用 表示比过去某时早得多的时间 如 She had left long before 她老早就离开了 That had happened long before 那事老早就发生了 注 long ago 表示 很久以前 指的是从现在算起的很久以前 通常与一般过去时 连用 I met him long ago 我很久以前就认识他了 2 在 的很久以前 在还没有 的很久以前 如 She had left long before his return he returned 在他回来的很久以前她就走了 He had worked in the factory long before he got married 在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了 注 此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时 但有时也可用一般过去时 因为 before 已体 现了动作的先后关系 如 This happened long before you were born 这事发生在你还没出生的很久以前 9 ever never just already yet 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 如 Have you read that story 你读过那个故事吗 I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果 在学习这一概念的同时 还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词 already just ever yet never 等 already just 多用于肯定句中 ever yet never 多用 于疑问句和否定句中 如 I have already finished my homework 我已经做完家庭作业了 He has just had his meal 他刚吃过饭 Have you ever sung this English song 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗 They haven t started yet 他们还没有动身 We have never heard of it 我们从来没有听说过这件事 现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响 一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过 去 试比较 The plane has arrived 飞机已经来了 The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的 10 have been in have been to 与 have gone to 的用法 1 have has been in 意为 已经在某地呆了多长时间 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 如 Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 They have been in Canada for five years 他们到加拿大有五年了 2 have has been to 意为 曾经去过某地 表示现在已经不在那里了 可与 just ever never 等连用 如 I ve just been to the post office 我刚才去邮局了 Have you ever been to Hangzhou 你曾经去过杭州吗 Mary has never been to the Great Wall 玛丽从未去过长城 3 have has been to 后面可接次数 表示去过某地几次 如 I ve been to Beijing three times 我去过北京三次 They have been to that village several times 他们去过那个村庄好几次了 4 have has gone to 意为 到某地去了 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中 总之 说话时该人不在现场 一般不用第一 第二人称代词作句子的主语 如 Where is Tom 汤姆在哪里 He has gone to the bookshop 他到书店去了 11 when while as 引导时间状语从句的区别 when while as 显然都可以引导时间状语从句 但用法区别非常大 1 when 可以和延续性动词连用 也可以和短暂性动词连用 而 while 和 as 只能与 延续性动词连用 Why do you want a new job when you ve got such a good one already 你已经找到如此好的工作 为何还想再找新的 Sorry I was out when you called me 对不起 你打电话时我刚好外出了 Strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 The students took notes as they listened 学生们边听课边做笔记 2 when 从句的谓语动作可以在主句谓语动作之前 之后或同时发生 while 和 as 从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生 1 从句动作在主句动作前发生 只用 when When he had finished his homework he took a short rest finished 先发生 当他完成 作业后 他休息了一会儿 When I got to the airport the guests had left got to 后发生 当我赶到飞机场时 客 人们已经离开了 2 从句动作和主句动作同时发生 且从句动作为延续性动词时 when while as 都 可使用 When While As we were dancing a stranger came in 当我们跳舞时 一位陌生人走了进来 When While As she was making a phone call I was writing a letter 当她在打电话时 我正在写信 3 当主句 从句动作同时进行 从句动作的时间概念淡化 而主要表示主句动作发生 的背景或条件时 只能用 as 这时 as 常表示 随着 一边 一边 之 意 As the time went on the weather got worse as 表示 随着 之意 The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases 随着高度的增加 大气越来越稀薄 As years go by China is getting stronger and richer 随着时间一年一年过去 中国变得越来越富强了 The little girls sang as they went 小姑娘们一边走 一边唱 The sad mother sat on the roadside shouting as she was crying 伤心的妈妈坐在路边 边哭边叫 4 在将来时从句中 常用 when 且从句需用一般时代替将来时 You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it 在我读完这本书后 你可以借阅 When the manager comes here for a visit next week Ill talk with him about this 下周 经理来这参观时 我会和他谈谈此事 12 smile 与 laugh 的区别 smile 和 laugh 既可用作动词 又可用作名词 都表示 笑 的意思 但在含义上有 区别 smile 通常指不出声的 微笑 laugh 通常指笑出声的 大笑 smile at 意为 朝 微笑 而 laugh at 则表示 嘲笑 的意思 例如 She smiles every time she sees me 她每次见到我时都面带微笑 When we heard the good news we all laughed 当我们听到这个好消息时 大家都笑了起来 Don t laugh at him 别嘲笑他 模拟试题模拟试题 答题时间 70 分钟 选择适当的词填空 1 lonely alone A The old man lives in a house but he doesn t feel B When the baby woke up he found himself C This reading room is for teachers 2 amazing amazed A She was at the wonder at that time B The news me very much 3 at all in all of all after all A In the basket there are 21 apples B he is only a child of ten years old C I am not pleased with what you did D the basketball players in China Yao Ming is the best 4 long before before long A I hope to see you B She said that she had known your name 5 whether if A I don t know he will come here tomorrow he comes I will let you know B I can not decide to go or stay C you like it or not you will have to do it 6 think about think of think over A The problem is so difficult that they have to a new way to solve it B Please how to take the first step C I often my old friends when I am in this new school D Could you tell me what you this new book E it and you will come up with an idea 7 prefer like love enjoy A Which do you dancing or singing means Which do you better dancing or singing B Do you always yourself in the new school C We all our motherland China D I swimming to running 8 leave forget A Don t to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom B She her purse on the bus on her way to work C I ll never visiting the Great Wall D Don t the stove on when you go out 9 tall high highly A Yao Ming is 2 26 meters B The price of the sweater is so that the boy can t afford it C The villagers speak of their work 10 for example such as A Paper can be made into many things newspapers and books B Noise is a kind of pollution 11 farther further A I live from school than Li Qing does B The problem will be discussed tomorrow C I could walk no 12 earth ground field land A It s raining heavily but the farmers are still working in the B Look The boy is playing with C The box fell to the and broke open D The elephant is the biggest animal on right 13 lie lay A Little Mary on the grass and thought how many eggs her hen could B I m tired I ll go and down for a while 14 make sure be sure A I you will like my story B all the windows are closed when you leave 15 work at work on work out A The boy was so clever that only he the difficult math problem in class B He is a new subject C The manager told him to take a rest but he still stayed in his office and kept 16 be good at be good for be good to A Vegetables your health and you should eat more B My classmates me We are good friends C Beckham playing football 单项选择 1 I m too busy to my family Why not call them instead A writing B to write C written D write 2 The little boy woke up his father Happy Birthday A call B to call C called D calling 3 The car in Germany in the 1960s looks old now A produced B producing C to produce D which produced 4 What are on show in the museum Some pictures by the Africans A drawing B drawn C drew D were drawn 5 The sick man stayed in bed very terrible A felt B feeling C is feeling D was feeling 6 The boy was seen his bike a moment ago I am sorry to hear that A fell off B to fall off C fall off D to fall down 7 There re so many beautiful presents in the shop that I don t know A to choose which one B what choose C which one to choose D to choose what 8 How bad They still have no ideas how the problem Let s go to help them A solving B solved C to solve D solves 9 What is the best way do you think the wild animals A protecting B to protecting C protected D to protect 10 You d better have your sports jacket It s too dirty Thanks I will A to wash B washed C washing D wash 11 The little boy was made English for another hour Poor boy A read B reading C reads D to read 12 I think it kind A of him to help me B for him to help C that he help me D of him helping me 13 It s too hot today Why not your coat A take on B to take off C take off D taking off 14 Boys don t forget the windows before you leave the classroom A closing B closed C to closing D to close 15 He made it for people the computers by inventing new software A easy use B easy using C easily to use D easier to use 16 All of the plans are very good I really don t know A which to talk B which to talk about C to talk about which D I asked you for help 17 Would you please any noise The baby has just fallen asleep A make B to make C not to make D not make 18 Would you please try late again Sorry I won t be late again A not to be B to be not C not be D be 19 The words with L aren t easily forgotten A starting B started C to start D whose starting 20 Have you got anything A to open the box B opening the box with C opening the box D to open the box with 选词填空 use turn sleep find go read take would My father died a month ago He had been as healthy as anyone expects a 38 year old man to be He d gone to one night and just never got up in the morning My father always had a ready smile and a kind word When I was little he d take me fishing or to the park We were close then I wanted to grow up to be just like Dad Then things began to change I could never find time to do things with him any more We to quarrel a lot and I know it was I who usually started it Dad tried to talk to me but it was hard on both of us I was embarrassed 尴尬 by him he had never learned to read and dropped out of school to take a job in a car repair shop Then he started to behave strangely He d stay up late at night and when I saw him the next morning there would be dark circles under his eyes One night I out why It was cold so I decided to get another blanket to warm up my bed The kitchen light was still on and I went it off Looking around the corner I saw my father at the kitchen table with a book in front of him and a pen in his hand He was talking slowly and quietly After a while I recognized the words as Dr Seuss s Cat in the Hat I bought the book when I was little and had asked my father it to me I remember how his face turned red as he handed it back to me and said Sorry son Now as I heard the familiar words coming from his lips I was stunned 惊呆 完形填空 A teenage girl couldn t stand her parents family rules so she left home She wanted to be 1 But she had poor education and several years later she had to ask for food on the street for a living Now her father has died Her mother is an old woman But she is still 2 her daughter She has been to every corner of the city Everywhere she goes she 3 a big photo of herself on the wall At the lower part of the photo she writes I still love you 4 home One day the daughter saw one of the photos The face was familiar 熟悉 Is that my mother She moved closer and read the 5 I still love you She cried When she got home it was early morning She 6 the door The door opened itself She rushed to her mother s 7 Her mother was sleeping She woke her mother up It s me Your 8 is back home The mother and daughter held each other full of 9 tears 眼泪 The daughter asked Why is the door not locked A thief could get in The mother answered 10 The door has never been locked since you left The door of parents love for their children will never be closed 1 A famousB poorC pretty 2 A looking throughB looking afterC looking for 3 A looks atB puts upC finds out 4 A come backB go backC run back 5 A photoB wordsC poster 6 A pulled openB unlockedC knocked on 7 A bathroomB bedroomC kitchen 8 A sonB daughterC grandchild 9 A happyB moodyC angry 10 A politelyB exactlyC softly 阅读理解 A Heat is all round us You cannot see it but you can feel it Heat makes things feel warm The sun gives us most of our heat Many things would die without the heat from the sun Many things can give us heat Wood can give us heat Gas can give us heat too Our body can even give us heat When we rub 摩擦 our hands together we are making heat We use heat to warm our homes We use heat to cook our food We use heat to warm our bodies Some things change when they get warm Ice creams melt A piece of butter melts on a warm toast A snowman melts in the sun We cannot see heat but we can see how warm it is outside by using a thermometer 温度计 体温计 We can measure 测量 the temperature of the air We can see how warm we are by using a thermometer We can measure the temperature of our bodies We can also see how warm our food is by using a thermometer We can measure the temperature of our food We read some thermometers by looking at the numbers High numbers show that it is hot Low numbers show that it is cold We read some thermometers by looking at the red line A long red line shows that it is hot A short red line shows that it is cold 1 We get most of our heat from A the sun B our bodies C wood D air 2 The third paragraph mainly tells us A how heat is used B what heat is used for C why there is heat D where heat is from 3 The last paragraph tells us that A we can see heat B we can hear heat C we can measure the heat D we can make heat 4 Which of the following is true A We can t see or feel heat B Many things can live without heat C Heat is harmful to people D Heat can make many things melt 5 Which is the best title A How to Measure Temperature B Heat C The Use of Heat D Where Heat Comes from B Hello my name s Nicolo and I live in Australia Most of the people in Australia live along the northeast and the southwest coasts 海岸 The middle of Australia is too dry Not many people live there But there are many farms Canberra is our capital city We speak English but we say some words in a different way Here they are CHOOK is a chicken DINKUM means real and good HOOROO means see you later MATE is a good friend and TAH means thank you We have schools just like Americans do I live on a farm and I don t go to school I have a radio so I listen to my teacher and send answers back to her This is the class of the a
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