安徽省凤阳县艺荣高复学校2012届高三英语阅读理解限时训练（8）

用心 爱心 专心 1 安徽省凤阳县艺荣高复学校安徽省凤阳县艺荣高复学校 20122012 届高三英语阅读理解限时训练届高三英语阅读理解限时训练 8 8 A Dior was born in Normandy in 1905 and his family s original plans for him included a career in the diplomatic service but by the time he was twenty three with his parents money he opened a small art gallery in Paris By 1931 the money had been used up Dior s friends in the art gallery asked him to draw and he took his first step at designing and drawing His first job was with Lucien Lelong from whom Dior learned his craft 手艺 In February 1947 Dior started the New Look in his first major Paris collection He was backed by a famous textile producer Boussac who looked after the dollars while Dior looked after the fashions Dior knew nothing about cutting and sewing but he was good at fashion design The New Look started an entirely different look to costume with a tiny waist a rounded shoulder and a shapely bust 胸围 usually with a low cut neckline and a long full skirt To women who had lived through the war years the femaleness of the New Look was a great success for people were tired of extremely plain wartime restrictive fashions It is said that dresses by Dior were constructed like buildings but young people were attracted to his design and all over the western world manufacturers plunged 投入 i n t o the production of his new style Dior s revolutionary designs lighted up a whole cycle of fashion rounded gentle feminine a delight in elegance A New Look House of Dior opened in 1948 followed by one in London Considered as King of Couture women s clothing for years the Diorempire grew until it covered every country in the western world and included furs hosiery jewelry perfumes men s wear and on and on More than 1 000 people worked at the Paris headquarters then His sudden death in 1957 when he was 53 years old did not stop the growth 用心 爱心 专心 2 of the House of Dior Even now so many years after his death his name is closely connected with fashion throughout the world and indeed is one of the most recognized names in the world His first great New Look with its long skirts was an expression of freedom in the late 1940s 41 Which of the following designs is close to Dior s 42 According to the passage in Dior s life he did NOT A make creative fashion designs B work in a diplomatic service C learn craft as his first job D open a New Look House 43 We can infer from the passage that A Dior and his supporter had different interests in business B Dior s New Look had little influence on people then C Dior is only a brand of women s fashion in the western world D Dior s fashion was not accepted at first but at last was successful 44 What is probably the best title for the passage A The History of the New Look B The Growth of the Dior Empire C An Expression of Freedom 一 Dior D The Founder of the New Look Dior B 用心 爱心 专心 3 After years of research and testing the hybrid car was developed and put on the market It san interesting and exciting new improvement in today s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve 保持 o u r natural resources The quality of our air is affected by many different things But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car s engine The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric you have to plug 接通电源 it in to charge it But that s not how it works The 144 volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that is produced when the car s brakes are used This is referred to as regenerative braking because it generates electricity Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time this helps it use less gas than a regular car When the driver stops at a traffic light the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel Then as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal the engine starts backup Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas That probably wouldn t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says I am low on gas When it completely runs out the warning reads YOU ARE NOW OUT OFGAS Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station 45 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage A The hybrid car will be put on the market in the near future 用心 爱心 专心 4 B The hybrid cars run faster and are much safer than regular cars C When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light the driver will get a warning D The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution 46 According to the passage the word hybrid refers to A a high tech discovery B energy saving C a new invention D a combination of two things 47 Regenerative breaking is an important process of the hybrid car because A it allows the car to come to a quick stop B it gives the driver a smoother ride C it produces energy to charge the battery D it can control the speed of the car 48 Which of the following is right about the EPA A They have designed hybrid cars to reduce air pollution B They have declared the burning of fossil fuels to be illegal C They set important guidelines that help control pollution D Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals C Opinion is a word that is used carelessly today It is used to refer to matters of taste belief and judgment This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn t attach too much importance to opinion Unfortunately most attach great importance to it I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours and Everyone has the right to express his opinion are common expressions In fact anyone who would challenge another s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant 不容异己的 偏执的 用心 爱心 专心 5 Is that label accurate Is it intolerant to challenge another s opinion It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind For example you may ask a friend What do you think of the new Ford cars And he may reply In my opinion they re ugly In this case it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement but foolish For it s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference a matter of taste And as the old saying goes It s pointless to argue about matters of taste But consider this very different use of the term A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial 有争议的 case Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences their mere likes and dislikes They stated their considered judgment carefully arrived at after thorough investigation and consideration Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes It is not an expression of taste Nor is it careful judgment Yet it may contain elements of both It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at with or without examining the evidence Is everyone free to express his opinion Of course this is not only permitted but guaranteed We are free to act on our opinions only so long as in doing so we do not harm others 49 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author A Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion B Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion C Most people tend to form their opinions carelessly D Casual use of the word opinion often causes quarrels 50 According to the author who of the following would be regarded as intolerant A Someone who turns a deaf ear to others opinions 用心 爱心 专心 6 B Someone who can t put up with others tastes C Someone who values only their own opinions D Someone whose opinion harms other people 51 The new Ford cars are quoted as an example to show that A it is foolish to criticize a famous brand B one should not always agree to others opinions C personal tastes are not something to be challenged D it is unwise to express one s likes and dislikes in public 52 Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that A it is stated by judges in the court B it reflects public like and dislikes C it is a result of a lot of argument D it is based on careful thought D It is pretty much a one way street While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world there is very little traffic in the opposite direction Pay has always been the biggest deterrent as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job For some industrial scientists however the attractions of academia 学术界 outweigh any financial considerations Helen Lee took a 70 cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge Her main reason for returning to academia mid career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return and Lee s is one of them The influence of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the 用心 爱心 专心 7 early stages of a career Guy Grant now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge spent two years working for a pharmaceutical company before returning to university as a post doctoral researcher He took a 30 salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities Higher up the ladder where a pay cut is usually more significant the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition 转换 to academia more attractive according to Lee Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not such as how to build a multidisciplinary team manage budgets and negotiate 谈判 contracts They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate says Lee perhaps experiencein manufacturing practice or product development Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project 53 By a one way street in Paragraph One the author means A university researchers know little about the commercial world B there is little exchange between industry and academia C few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university D few university professors are willing to do industrial research 54 The underlined word deterrent most probably refers to something that A keeps someone from taking action B helps to move the traffic C attracts people s attention D brings someone a financial burden 55 Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to A do more financially rewarding work 用心 爱心 专心 8 B raise his position in the academic world C enrich his experience in medical research D exploit better intellectual opportunities 56 What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university A Increase its graduates competitiveness in the job market B Develop its students potential in the research work C Help it to gain access to financial support from industry D Get its research go towards practical applications E YOU CAN T DO IT EVEN IF IT HURTS NOBODY Who do you think breaks the law in our society If you believe that only tough guys commit crimes you may have to think again Unlike in the movies we can t divide the world into bad guys and model citizens Real life is much more complex In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer crimes vary in degree For example smoking in an elevator will inconvenience people but much less than threatening them with a gun In addition to breaking the law themselves people tolerate various levels of crime Why can we tolerate some crimes It may be that by seeing others do something we accept it more easily For instance most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit When people celebrate a sports championship if they see someone breaking store windows they might start breaking windows themselves or even steal from the store So the people around us influence how much law breaking we can tolerate We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should We 用心 爱心 专心 9 become used to seeing blood on the news on television or in full color in newspapers and magazines Because we see thousands of dead people on TV maybe we just try to ignore the situation behind the violence If so many citizens tolerate violence and crime or even commit crimes themselves it may simply be because of the human mind Our minds may not care about specific laws Instead our minds may have a system of values that usually prevents us from hurting other people to improve our own lives Yet when it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of anonymous 不知名的 individuals we might not be so responsible While most people would not steal a wallet containing 50 they may not mind cheating on taxes because cheating on taxes does not hurt anyone person It hurts society but society remains an abstract 抽象的 idea that is not as real asa neighbor or a friend s friend When we realize that many people have misunder