2012届高考英语 专题总复习语法精粹词序考点详解

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语专题总复习语法精粹词序考点详解届高考英语专题总复习语法精粹词序考点详解 在历年高考英语试题和模拟题中 英语词序问题都作为一个重点测试项目 频繁出现 下面 结合历年高考英语试题 对英语中词序考点问题进行举例和分析 一 否定词放在句首时的词序 例 1 Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother I don t know NMET1991 A nor don t I care B nor do I care C I don t care neither D I don t care also 答案为 B A 项多了 not C 项 D 项分别要改 neither also 改为 either 否定词作状语 放在句首时要用倒装语序 倒装语序只需将情态动词 助动词 系动词 be 提至主语之前即 可 实义动词的倒装要在主语前面加助动词 do does did 等 此时谓语动词要用动词原形 常见的否定词或否定结构 包含否定意义的词语 有 neither nor never hardly little seldom scarcely barely nowhere not until no sooner than hardly when not only but also at no time not once by no means 等 例如 Little did Einstein care for money By no means Never At no time will that country be a superpower 试题选练 1 They have a good knowledge of English but little they know about German 2005 天津 A have B did C had D do 2 Not until all the fish died in the river how serious the pollution was NMET1995 A did the villagers realize B the villagers realize C the villagers did realize D didn t the villagers realize 3 snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest 2004 上海 A Not only they brought B Not only did they bring C Not only brought they D Not only they did bring 4 The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once with each other NMET2003 A they had quarreled B they have quarreled C have they quarreled D had they quarreled 5 Maybe you have been to many countries but nowhere else such a beautiful palace 2004 辽宁 A can you find B you could find C you can find D could you find 6 一 Did Linda see the traffic accident 一 No no sooner than it happened 2006 天津 A had she gone B she had gone C has she gone D she has gone 7 I ve tried very hard to improve my English But by no means with my progress 2006 重庆 A the teacher is not satisfied 用心 爱心 专心 2 B is the teacher not satisfied C the teacher is satisfied D is the teacher satisfied 二 副词 介词短语放在句首时的词序 例 2 from the north to the south in winter A Away do some birds fly B Away do a few animals run C Away fly some birds D Away run all the animals 答案为 C 某些副词 where there up down in out 等 以及介词短语放在句首引起 的倒装句 不可用助动词 要注意以下三点 主语是名词时 用完全倒装 把动词提至主语前 Here In came a lady 主语是代词时 用部分倒装 只将上述副词提至主语前即可 Here In he came 介词短语放在句首时要用全部倒装 即动词提至主语前 In front of the farm house sat a small boy who was cutting a cane 试题选练 8 who had caught him three times for stealing bikes A Before George stood the policeman B Before George the policeman stood C The policeman stood before George D Before the policeman stood George 9 from the 4th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him A Down jumped the murderer B Down the murderer jumped C Down jumped he D Jumped down he 10 Just in front of the house with a history of 1 000 years 2006 上海春季 A does a tall tree stand B stands a tall tree C a tall tree is standing D a tall tree stands 三 only 状语放在句首时的词序 例 3 Only by practising a few hours every day be able to master the language 1990 上海 A you can B can you C you will D will you 答案为 D 由 only 状语 引起的强调句放在句首时要用倒装结构 此结构只需把助动词 情态动词或系动词 be 提至主语前即可 故排除 A C B 中的 can 与 be able to 意义重复故 也排除 试题选练 11 I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies 2004 重庆 A I realized B I had realized C had I realized D did I realized 四 so that 放在句首时的词序 例 4 So that no fish can live in it 1992 上海 A the lake is shallow B shallow the lake is C shallow is the lake D is the lake shallow 答案为 C 在 so that 句型中 当 so 后的部分提到句首 如果句中谓语是系动词 be 的各 用心 爱心 专心 3 种形式时 则用全部倒装 如果是实义动词时 则要用部分倒装 仅把 do does did 提前 例如 So hard does he study that he is sure to succeed 试题选练 12 So excited that he couldn t speak a word A he gets B he got C does he get D did he get 13 So difficult it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well 2001 上海 A I have felt B have I felt C I did feel D did I feel 14 about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research 2005 江苏 A So curious the couple was B So curious were the couple C How curious the couple were D The couple was such curious 五 how however 形容词 副词时的词序 例 5 Mother will wait for him to have dinner together 1997NMET A However late is he B However he is late C However is he late D However late he is 答案选 D 当 how 或 however 修饰形容词 副词时 要与被修饰的词一起提前 故排除 B C 从句部分不可用倒装句 故 A 也排除 例如 I don t know how hard the problem is It s useless however hard you try 试题选练 15 If we work with a strong will we can overcome any difficulty great it is 1995NMET A what B how C however D whatever 六 虚拟语气省略 if 时的词序 例 6 for the free tickets I would not have gone to the films so often 1995 上 海 A If it is not B Were it not C Had it not been D 1f they were not 答案为 C 这是一个与过去相反的虚拟条件从句的省略形式 当从句中的 if 省略时 从句 要用倒装句 这类倒装句只需将助动词 情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可 常见句式变换 如下 与现在相反 If I were you Were I you I would go with him 与过去相反 If I had had time then Had I had time then I would have gone with you 与将来相反 If I were to should visit the Great Wall tomorrow Were I to Should I visit the Great Wall tomorrow I would take my son with me 注意 在否定句中 not 不可提至主语前 例如 误 Weren t I here now I would be in the bus 正 Were I not here now I would be in the bus 试题选练 用心 爱心 专心 4 16 your letter I would have written back two days before A If I received B Should I receive C Had I received D If I could have received 17 What would have happened as far as the river bank 2001 上海 A Bob had walked farther B if Bob should walk farther C had Bob walked farther D if Bob walked farther 18 fired your heath care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off 2006 湖北 A Would you be B Should you be C Could you be D Might you be 七 as 引导让步状语从句时的词序 例 7 he doesn t study well A As he is clever B He is as clever C Clever as he is D As clever he is 答案为 C as 引导让步状语从句时要将句中作表语的形容词或名词 前面不可用冠词 作状语的副词或部分谓语动词提至 as 前 例如 Young as she is she knows a lot Fast as you run I can catch you easily Try as you might you are sure not to fail again 试题选练 19 the dictionary he could not afford to buy it A Much as he liked B Liked as he C He liked very much D As he liked much 20 he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class 2005 重庆 A A quiet student as he may be B Quiet student as he may be C Be a quiet student as he may D Quiet as he may be a student 八 so 表示 也 时的词序 例 8 John won the first prize in the contest A So he did B So did he C So he did too D So did he too 答案为 A 以 so 开头的句子 如果是重复前面一句话的意见 表示对别人说的话加以肯定 语序不必倒装 此时两句的主语常常是同一人或物 例如 He asked me to support him so I did I 与不定式 to support 的逻辑主语 me 指同一人 他要我支持他 我确实支持 他了 I have passed the maths exam So you have 我数学考试及格了 你确实考试及格了 但以 so 开头的句子 如果是重复前面一句话的部分内容 该内容也适合另一人或物 要 用倒装 但谓语一般要与前句谓语时态 形式一致 此时两句中的主语不可是同一人或物 例如 He has got up so have I 他起床了 我也起床了 You are honest so am I so are all of us 你诚实 我诚实 我们大家都诚实 试题选练 用心 爱心 专心 5 21 一 It s burning hot today isn t it 一 Yes yesterday 2006 福建 A So was it B So it was C So it is D So is it 22 I reminded you not to forget the appointment 一 2006 江西 A So you did B So I do not C So did you D So do I 23 David has made great progress recently 一 and 1997 上海 A So he has so you have B So he has so have you C So has he so have you D So has he so you have 九 动 副词短语之后宾语的词序 例 9 If you don t know the word why don t you in the dictionary A look at it B look after it C look up it D look it up 答案为 D 其意指 查 词典等 A 意为 看 B 意为 照顾 均不符题意 故排除 由动词加副词构成的短语 其宾语是名词时 宾语可放在整个短语后面 也可插在动词与副 词之间 但宾语是代词时 代词宾语只能插在动词与副词之间 多个形容词排列时的词序 例 10 How was your recent visit to Qingdao It was great We visited some friends and spent the days at the seaside A few last sunny B last few sunny C last sunny few D few sunny last 答案为 B 此题考测多个形容词或修饰语并列时的位置问题 多个修饰语并列修饰一个名 词时的位置规则为 限定词 如 a the all many little first last these this 等 与数词同时 出现时 序数词在前 基数词在后 多个形容词修饰名词时 通常按照这样的顺序 描述性质 特征的形容词 handsome ugly 描述大小尺寸的形容词 small large 描述形状的形容词 round square 描 述年龄的形容词 old young 描述颜色的形容词 red blue 描述来源 某国 某地 的形容词 American Japanese 表明制造材料的形容词 silk wooden 说明用途的动 名词或形容词 a waiting room a conference hall 也就是说 名词前面形容词通常的 顺序为 性质 特征 大小 尺寸 形状 年龄 颜色 来源 材料 用途 名词 例如 He is a famous tall American writer This useless old geography book doesn t belong to me My house is furnished with three comfortable brown chairs 试题选练 24 Tony is going camping with boys 1993NMET A little two other B two little other C two other little D little other two 25 When I was a child my grandmother told me stories A many such funny B such many funny C many funny such D funny many such 26 He saw nothing but a table in the farm house 用心 爱心 专心 6 A round small wooden B small round wooden C round wooden small D small wooden round 27 bridge in our village was built scores of years ago A A stone old fine B An old stone fine C A fine old stone D An old fine stone 28 These are his cousin s first two paintings A little red French interesting oil B interesting little red French oil C interesting French little red oil D little red interesting oil French 十一 词序不同意义不同的词 例 11 It was late to catch a bus after the party therefore we called a taxi 1995 上海 A too very B much too C too much D far 答案为 B B 是个副词短语 只修饰形容词或副词 以加强语气 C 中的 too much 可作形 容词修饰名词 A 中 too very 不能连用 D 不能修饰原级形容词 故排除 常见的词序不同 意义不同的短语有 in all 总共 all in 疲倦 in hand 在手中 hand in 上交 turn in 转身进入 交出 in turn 轮流 排队 from far 来自远方 far from 离得 远 远非 for good 永远 good for 对 有好处 all for 都赞成 for all 尽 管 much too 太 过于 修饰形容词或副词 too much 太多 修饰名词 if only 只要 要是 常与虚拟语气连用 only if 只有 引导条件从句 long before 很久以前 before long 不久以后 等 试题选练 29 I knew you I knew John A before long B long before C long ago D after long 30 you try your best to prepare your lessons well will you be able to pass the exam A If only B Only if C Long before D Before long 十二 不定冠词的位置 例 12 He is teacher that all of us like him A a such good B such good a C a so good D so good a 答案为 D A B 中冠词的位置应放在 such 之后 C 中冠词应放在 good 之后 当 so 与不定 冠词 a an 连用时 a an 要直接放在名词之前 类似结构有 too rather quite adj a an 十名词 例如 He is so clever a boy that we all like him He is such a clever boy that we all like him 如果此句改为复数时 只可用 such that 例如 They are such clever boys that we all like them 试题选练 31 box cannot be lifted by a boy of five 1993 上海 A So a heavy B So heavy a C A such heavy D Such heavy a 32 Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people 1995NMET A such such B such so C so so D so such 十三 作后置修饰语的情况 例 13 Mum I think I m to get back to school Not really my dear you d 用心 爱心 专心 7 better stay at home for another day or two 1993NMET A so well B so good C well enough D good enough 答案为 C 根据题意只能选 well 意指 健康 enough 修饰形容词或副词时要放在所 修饰的词之后 修饰名词时可置于名词之前或之后 例如 We haven t enough time time enough to lose 常见的几种修饰语后置的情况如下 形容词修饰 something nothing anything everything 等不定代词时要后置 present 作 出席的 之意时 要放在所修饰词后 例如 I have nothing new