2012版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题10 定语从句

1 20132013 3 3 年高考年高考 2 2 年模拟年模拟 1 1 年原创精品系列年原创精品系列 专题专题 1010 定语从句定语从句 考点定位 2013 考纲解读和近几年考点分布 考点 pk 名师考点透析 考点 1 关系代词一览表 关系词先行词 从句 成分 例句备注 who 人主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom 人宾语 Mr Smith i s the person with whom I am working The boy whom she loved died in the war whose 人 物定语 I like those books whose topics are about history The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate that 人 物 主语 宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly She is the pop star that I want to see very much which 物 主语 宾语 The book which I gave you was worth 10 The picture which was about the accident was terrible whom which 和 that 在从 句中做宾语 时 常可以 省略 但介 词提前时后 面关系代词 不能省略 也不可以用 that 关系代 词 as 人 物 主语 宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us This is the same pen as I lost yesterday as 做宾语一 般不省略 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there 可用 on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born 可用 in which 关系副 词 why 原因 原因 状语 I can t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer 可用 for which 考点 2 that 与 which who whom 的用法区别 2 that 和 which 的用法区别 在定语从句中 关系代词 which 和 that 都可指物 一般情况下 可以互换使用 但在下 列情况下值得注意 3 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时 只能用 that 如 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read 这是我读过的最有趣的书 4 当先行词同时包括人和物时 只能用 that 如 Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great 人们认为我 们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大 5 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时 只能用 that 如 This is a book that I have been looking for since last week 这就是那本自上周以 来我一直在寻找的书 3 先行词为代词 that 或 that 所修饰时 只能用 which 如 I don t take that which is too expensive 我不要太贵的那一个 who whom 和 that 的用法区别详解 在定语从句中 关系代词 who whom 和 that 都可指人和物 在一般情况下 可以互换使 用 但在下列情况下值得注意 一 用 who whom 而不用 that 的情形 1 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时 只能用 who whom 如 My sister who is studying abroad sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas 我姐姐 她在国外学习 就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物 2 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时 只能用 who whom 如 Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗 3 当先行词为 people 和 those 时 只能用 who whom 如 Those who want to go there come here please 那些想去那儿的人请来这边 4 当先行词为 one ones anyone everyone none all 指人 时 只能用 who whom 3 如 Anyone who is against us is our enemy 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人 5 先行词指人 而关系代词在从句中作主语时 一般多用 who 如 The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days 昨天来 这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来 二 用 that 而不用 who whom 的情形 1 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时 引导词只能用 that 如 The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong 在为我们 队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东 2 当先行词前面有 only some any no every little few much all very 形容 词修饰时 引导词只能用 that 如 He is the only student that said no to the teacher 他是唯一的一个对老师说 不 的学生 3 当主句是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句时 引导词只能用 that 如 Who is woman that you talked with just now 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁 4 the same as 与 the same that the same as 所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物 the same that 表示所引导的 从句内容与先行词同类同物 即 同一事物 如 She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago 她正穿着我几天前所丢失 的上衣 暗含 她偷了我的上衣 She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢 失的上衣同样的上衣 暗含 她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件 考点 3 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 关系副词一览表 when 时间 时间 状语 I will never forget the day when we met there 可用 on which where 地点 地点 状语 This is the house where I was born 可用 in which 关 系 副 词 why 原因 原因 状语 I can t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer 可用 for which 4 He s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane 他发现他陷入了危险的境地 他有可能会失去对飞机的控制 1 概述 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句多用于正式文体 使用的关系代词一般是 which whom 它既可以引导限制性定语从句 又可以引导非限制性定语从句 常见的有以 下几种结构 1 介词 关系代词 Mandela was the black lawyer to whom 1 went for advice Mandela was the black lawyer whom 1 went to for advice 曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师 2 名词 代词 数词 介词 关系代词 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore three of which were English novels Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore of which three were English novels 上个星期天 我从书店买回几本书 其中三本是英文小说 He wrote a book the name of which I ve completely forgotten 他写了一本书 书名我完全给忘记了 The old man has two daughters both of whom are doctors 那位老人有两个女儿 她们都是医生 3 形容词最高级 介词 关系代词 China has thousands of islands the largest of which is Taiwan 中国有成千上万 的岛屿 其中最大的是台湾 4 介词 关系代词 名词 I called him by the wrong name for which mistake I apologized 我叫错了他的名 字 为此我向他表示了歉意 不能使用 whose 2 关系代词的选择 用于 介词 关系代词 结构的关系代词指人时只能用 whom 指物时只能用 which 即介词 which whom 三年高考 10 11 12 高考试题及其解析 2012 高考英语试题 1 2012 大纲卷 8 That evening I will tell you more about later I ended up working very late A that B which C what D when 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 5 句意 那天晚上 我工作到很晚 我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况 which I will tell you more about later 是非限制性定语从句 which 在从句中作 about 的宾语 代指 that evening 易错点拨 本题容易误选 D 项 错误原因是认为 evening 表示时间 应该用关系副词 when 来引导定语从句 而没有仔细分析定语从句缺失的成分 2 2012 北京卷 26 When deeply absorbed in work he often was he would forget all about eating or sleeping A that B which C where D when 3 2012 天津卷 7 I wish to thank Professor Smith without help I would never have got this far A who B whoseC whomD which 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 without whose help and without his help whose 引导的是非 限制性定语从句 在句中作 help 的定语 其先行词为 Professor Smith 句意 我 真得感谢史密斯教授 如果没有他的帮助 我就永远不会 在学术上 走得这么远的 4 2012 重庆卷 29 Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales A which B that C when D where 5 2012 安徽卷 29 lot of language learning has been discovered is happening in the first year of life so parents should talk much to their children during that period A as B it C which D this 答案 A 解析 考查定语从句 句意 正如发现的那样 大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的 所以父母应当在那 一时期多和孩子说话 分析句子结构可知 has been discovered 为非限制性定语从句 又因空处指代 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life 整个句子 故用 as 易错点拨 本题易错选 C which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个句子时只能放在主句 后面 而 as 引导的非限制性定语句的位置相对灵活 可在前 可在中 也可在后 6 2012 福建卷 23 The air quality in the city is shown in the report has improved over the past two months A thatB itC asD what 6 7 2012 湖南卷 34 Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small details of life should be considered A what B in what C which D in which 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句 句意 心灵的护理是一个逐渐的过程 在这个过程中 甚至生活 中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑 in which 引导非限制性定语从句 which 代前面的 process 8 2012 江苏卷 22 After the flooding people were suffering in that area urgently needed clean water medicine and shelter to survive A which B who C where D what 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 指人的先行词 people 在非限制性定语从句中充当主语 所以用关 系代词 who 引导 故选 B 项 句意 洪水过后 那个地区的人们忍受着巨大的痛苦 人们 迫切需要清洁的水 药品栖身的临时住所 9 2012 江西卷 28 By 16 30 was almost closing time nearly all the paintings had been sold A whichB when C what D that 10 2012 山东卷 23 Maria has written two novels both of have been made into television series A them B that C which D what 答案 C 解析 考查 介词 关系代词 引导的非限制性定语从句 句中的先行词是 two novels 而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句 因此用 both of which 引导 That 不能引导 非限制性定语从句 也不能跟在介词后面 如果选 them 则后面需要有并列连词 and 或者 是独立主格结构 即 both of them made into 11 2012 陕西卷 14 It is the third time that she has won the race has surprised us all A that B whereC whichD what 7 13 2012 浙江卷 9 We live in an age more information is available with great ease than ever before A why B when C to whom D on which 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 when 引导定语从句 在从句中做时间状语 修饰先行词 an age 时代 此处的 when at which 句意 我们生活在这样的一个时代 在这个时代我 们比以前更容易得到更多的信息 14 2012 浙江卷 17 Ellen was a painter of birds and nature for some reason had withdrawn from all human society A which B who C where D whom 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 分析句子结构可知 此处考查定语从句 定语从句的先行词是 a painter 关系词在定语 从句中作主语 应该用关系代词 who 2011 高考英语试题 1 2011 安徽卷 Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator it will keep for two or three weeks A whenB whichC whereD while 2 2011 四川卷 The school shop customers are mainly students is closed for the holidays A whichB whoseC whenD where 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 此处 whose 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 shop 在定语从 句中作 customers 的定语 句意为 这个学校商店 其主顾大多是学生 因为放 假就关门了 3 2011 浙江卷 A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain A whenB thatC whereD there 8 答案 C 解析 考查定语从句 本句中的先行词是 the place 先行词在定语从句中作地点状语 所以应该用关系副词 where 4 2011 浙江卷 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures each of uses it somewhat differently A whichB whatC themD those 6 2011 天津卷 The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living A whenB thatC whereD which 答案 A 解析 考察定语从句 句意为 when 引导定语从句修饰 The day are gone 为插入语 句意为 全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了 7 2011 陕西卷 I walked up to the top of the hill with my feiend we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake A whichB whereC who D that 9 2011 全国 2 卷 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T shirt is a stupid thing to do in such weather A thisB thatC whatD which 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句 分析句子结构可知 该句为定语从句 首先排除 A 和 C 根据空 前的逗号可知 该句为非限制性定语扶句 排除 B 该从句应用 which 引导 which 在从句 中作主语 代指前丽的整个句子 10 2011 江西卷 She showed the visitors around the museum the construction had taken more than three years A for whichB with whichC of whichD to which 9 答案 C 解析 考察定语从句 先行词为 museum 在从句中充当定语 句意为 博物馆的建造工 程花费了超过三年的时间 介词用 of 选 C 11 2011 江苏卷 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval the audience can buy ice cream A When B WhereC that D which 12 2011 湖南卷 Julia was good at German French and Russian all of she spoke fluently A who B whomC whichD that 答案 C 解析 考查定语从句 先行词为物 且关系代词用在介词后面 故应用 which 句意 Julie 擅长德语 法语和俄语 这三种语言她说得都很流利 13 2011 福建卷 It was April 29 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony A that B when C sinceD berore 15 2011 北京卷 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others of course made all the others upset A who B whichC whatD that 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 which 引导非限制性定语从句 指代整个主句部分的内容 2010 高考英语试题 1 2010 高考英语上海秋季卷 38 Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future A on which B by which C to which D from which 答案 C 解析 此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导定语从句 考察介词 which 的用法 Wind power is an ancient source of energy which that we may return to in the near future 2 2010 高考英语重庆卷 28 In china the number of cities is increasing 10 development is recognized across the world A whereB whichC whoseD that 4 2010 高考英语天津卷 8 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut You should try the barber s I go It s only 15 A as B which C where D that 答案 C 解析 考察定语从句引导词 句意为 你能相信我不得不花 30 美元剪头吗 你应该到 我去的那家理发店试试 才花 15 美元 从句中 go 是不及物动词 不能接宾语 而本句是 定语从句修饰先行词 the barber s 先行词在定语从句中智能做地点状语 选 C ABD 三 项在从句中作主语和宾语 故排除 5 2010 高考英语四川卷 10 After graduating from college I took some time off to go travelling turned out to be a wise decision A that B which C when D where 7 2010 高考英语陕西卷 11 The old temple roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair A where B which C its D whose 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句 所填词引导定语从句 先行词是 the old temple 关系词在从句 中做 roof 的定语 用关系代词 whose 选 D 其余选项与题意不符 8 2010 高考英语山东卷 24 That s the new machine parts are too small to be seen A that B which C whose D what 答案 C 解析 考查定语从句的引导词 句意应为 那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器 11 空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用 所以使用 whose 9 2010 高考英语江西卷 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour A where B who C which D what 11 2010 高考英语湖南卷 28 I ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year A who B where C when D which 答案 A 解析 考查定语从句 该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词 the students 且在从句 中作 met 的宾语 故选关系代词 who 即 A 项 12 2010 高考英语福建卷 24 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has develop gradually A that B where C which D whose 14 2010 高考英语大纲全国 II 卷 16 I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone else s fault A who B that C as D what 答案 B 解析 考察定语从句 句意为 我拒绝接受由于别人的错误而引发的对我的指责 本 句中的先行词是 something 这个不定代词 当表示物的不定代词作先行词时 定语从句要 用 that 引导 而先行词在定语从句中做的是主语 所以不能省略 15 2010 高考英语北京卷 27 Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly A what B whose C which D that 答案 B 12 解析 考察定语从句中疑问词的选择 句意为 不活跃的或者饮食脂肪含量高的儿童 很容易增加体重 分析句子成分后可知 who are not active or diet is high in fat 是定语从句修饰先行词 children 此处表示 的饮食 故用 whose 引 导 两年模拟 11 12 高考模拟题及其答案 11 12 高考模拟题 1 河北省普通高中 2012届高三教学质量监测英语 About 1 62 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2009 only 497 400 have come back A whoB among whom C among whichD in whom 2 合肥市 2012 年高三第一次教学质量检测英语 A good advertisement often uses words people attach positive meanings A thatB which C with whichD to which 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句 句意 一则好广告经常使用那些人们赋予积极含义的话语 attach to 把 附到 上 people attach positive meanings 是定语从句 修饰先行词 words 3 2012 北京海淀模拟 The story took place in Europe in the days before automobiles everyone used horses A whichB whereC when D as 5 2012 郑州模拟 The first snow didn t fall until February in our province this year was unexpected A itB whichC thatD what 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 句意为 我省今年的第一场雪直到二月才下 这令人非常意外 第二个分句为非限制性定语从句 关系代词 which 指代前面的整个句子 在定语从句中作 主语 13 6 2012 温州模拟 Attention Our bus is approaching Cambridge we ll be stopping to eat A whenB whichC asD where 8 2011 上海市普通高等学校春季招生考试 Faye s fondest memory is of last year the club gave a tea party for her birthday A that B whichC whereD when 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句 定语从句题的解题关键是在主句中找出先行词 然后把先行词 代入 从句中 判断其在从句中的 地位 和 作用 此处先行词为 last year 在定 语从句中作时间状语 应该用关系副词 when 故选 D 项 9 2011 山东省烟台市高三调研测试 We hope the measures to control house prices are taken by the government will succeed A whichB that C what D as 11 2011 南昌市高三年级调研测 They ve won their last three matches I find a bit surprising actually A that B when C what D which 答案 D 解析 考查定语从句 后半句是非限制性定语从句 which 代指前面整句话的内容 在 从句中作 find 的宾语 12 2011 济南市高三教学质量调研 People who seldom do sports or diet is high in fat will put off Weight quickly A who B whoseC whichD what 答案 B 解析 考查定语从句 语意 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的人体重会增加很快 whose diet is high in fat 是定语从句 修饰先行词 People 且 whose 在从句中作定语 14 13 2011 南昌市高三年级第一次模拟考试 We stayed in a quiet hotel A next to it was a thick wood B next to which was a thick wood C next to it there was a thick wood D next to which a thick wood was 15 2011 福州市高三年级第一次质量检查 Believe it or not my sister and l are twins Oh you must have had the case you were taken for your sister A whichB whoseC whereD whom 答案 C 解析 考查定语从句 语意表示你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况 where you were taken for your sister 是定语从句 修饰先行词 the ease 表示的是抽象地点 where 可用 in which 替换 一年原创 原创试题及其解析 1 The Science Museum we visited during a recenttrip to Britain is one of London s tourist attractions A which B what C that D where 3 一 Do you have anything in mind you d like for supper 一 Well is okay with me A which everything B what whatever C where something D that anything 15 D 句意 晚饭吃什么你有想法吗 随便什么都行 注意第一空考查定语从句 先行词是 anything 故关系代词用 that 故选 D 4 She may have missed the train she won t arrive for another hour A in which case B in her case C in any case D in that case 6 I think it is a very interesting book is well worth reading I have never read before A that the one B which one C which the one D what one B 句意 我认为这是一本很有趣很值得一读的书 一本以前我没有读过的书 此题考查定 语从句 先行词为 a very interesting book 在从句中作主语 可以用 which 或 that one 是 a very interesting book 的同位语 后接一个定语从句 连词 that 在从句 中作宾语 因此省略 故选 B 7 There is no experience you can have is more exciting than skating on real ice A of which B what C that D with whom C 句意 没有什么比在真正的冰上滑冰更刺激的了 此题考查定语从句 先行词为 experience 在从句中作主语 what 不引导定语从句 故选 C 8 Carol said the work would be done by October personally I doubt very much A it B that C when D which 10 The number 9 11 is a special number I think that will be remembered by the Americans forever A what B it C which D one D 句意 9 1l 是一个特殊的数字 一个让美国人终身难忘的数字 此题里面有插入语 I think 先把它去掉 这样 余下的好像就是一个非限定性定语从句了 其实后面有三种正 确的形式为 one that and it which 故选 D 11 Televisi