湖北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练 24史地自然型阅读理解（2）

用心 爱心 专心1 20122012 高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练高考英语二轮复习专题限时训练 专题限时训练专题限时训练 二十四二十四 史地自然型阅读理解史地自然型阅读理解 二二 限时 25 分钟 一 Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere Meteorologists call this the water cycle There are many stages in the water cycle Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses 凝结 Drops of water form and fall to the ground The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers A lot of rain falls into the sea The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers lakes and the sea It changes the liquid water into water vapour The vapour rises onto the air Water vapour is normally invisible On a very damp or humid day however you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle 水坑 or pond in a mist 薄雾 above the water Water vapour also gets into the air from living things Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves People and land animal drink water and breathe out water vapour In all these ways the water returns to the air There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain The rain falls to earth and the cycle starts again It continues even if snow or hail 冰雹 fall instead because both eventually melt to form water The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature The air is more moist 潮湿 in the tropics 热带 than in the cold polar regions 1 What is the main idea of the passage A Water cycle B Water vapour C How rain forms D Water vapour rain 2 How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text A Two B Three 用心 爱心 专心2 C Four D Five 3 Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on A how much water is evaporated B how good your eyes are C in which way water is evaporated D climate or weather 4 From the passage we get to know A there is more water vapour in the air in the tropics than in cold polar regions B there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar regions than in the tropics C it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapour D the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains 二 The word conservation has a thrifty meaning To conserve is to save and protect to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good conditions that others may also share the enjoyment Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials most of them even until very recently had the foolish idea that the treasures were limitless and inexhaustible Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature which means that as in a living body an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work scientific forestry was new idea wood was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands soil destruction and river floods were not national problems nobody had yet studied long term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use even the word conservation had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us we must now set about correcting the mistakes of our forefathers Conservation should be made a part of everybody s daily life To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as knowledge of the basic match formulas We need to 用心 爱心 专心3 know why all watersheds 上游集水区 need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them We need to know the importance of the big grown tree because living space for most of man s fellow creatures on this planet is figu red not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the ea rth In a word it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can 1 The author s attitude towards the use of natural resources is A positive B uninterested C optimistic D critical 2 According to the author the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that A they had no idea about scientific forestry B they had little or no sense of environmental protection C they were not aware of the significance of nature study D they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials 3 To avoid repeating the mistakes of our forefathers the author suggests that A we plant more trees B natural science be taught to everybody C environmental education be given to everybody D we return to nature 4 How can you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph A Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller B Our living space should be measured in cubic volume C We need to take some measures to protect space D We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals 三 Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die Now one man says they are wrong 用心 爱心 专心4 Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape thundered a magazine article last year Species 物种 are being driven to die out at record rates and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface dead But there s a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong things are actually getting better A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the world s environment Rivers seas rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner The total amount of forests in the world is not declining The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups and the bad news culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse Now the attacks are increasingly coming from left wing environmentalists such as Lomborg a former member of Greenpeace The accusation is that although the environment is improving green groups with profits of hundreds of millions of pounds a year are using scare tactics 谋略 to gain donations Lomborg s book doesn t deny global warming probably the biggest environmental threat but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics The Worldwatch Institute claims that deforestation has been accelerating over the last 30 years But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover but in recent decades the forest area s depleting has come to a stop According to UN figures the area of forests has remained almost steady at about 30 per cent of total land area since the 1940s Forests in countries such as the US UK and Canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk 缩小 by about 15 per cent Nor are all our species dying out Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have died out within 50 years But other studies show only 0 08 per cent of species are dying out each year Conservation efforts have been successful Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns Stephen Tindale director of Greenpeace UK 用心 爱心 专心5 said There are important examples such as acid rain and ozone where things weren t as bad as predicted and that s because behaviour changed 1 In his book The Skeptical Environmentalist what is Lomborg s main argument A Our planet is in bad shape B The world s environment is improving C The total amount of forests in the world is not declining D Conservation efforts have been successful 2 What is Lomborg s main accusation of environmentalists A They scared people into making donations B They overturned our basic assumptions about the world s environment C They changed their behavior toward the environment D They only told people bad news about the environment 3 The underlined word depleting in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to A reducing B limiting C expanding D accelerating 4 According to the passage which of the following statements indicates positive aspects of the environment A The total area of forests in the world has increased significantly B The effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected C It appears that the bald eagle will now survive D In the last 50 years the number of whales has increased 用心 爱心 专心6 专题限时训练 二十四 史地自然型阅读理解 二 一 要点综述 本文是说明文 全文说明了水循环 1 A 主旨大意题 全文讲述的是水循环 因此 A 为最佳答案 2 B 细节理解题 包括江河等水被太阳蒸发 树木通过树叶蒸发 人和动物通过呼 吸将水蒸气传出 3 D 推理判断题 从第二段 On a very damp or humid day however you