【志鸿优化设计】2014届高考英语第一轮复习 （归纳拓展+巩固提升）语法专题六 情态动词（含解析） 译林牛津版

1 语法专题六语法专题六 情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪 本身词义不全 不能单独作谓语 后面必须与动 词原形一起构成谓语 情态动词没有人称和数的变化 但有的情态动词有过去式 考点一 can 与 could 1 表示能力 但 could 主要指过去的能力 表示 过去有能力成功做成某事 时通常 用 was were able to The little boy can speak two foreign languages Could the girl read before she went to school Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out 2 表示可能 理论上或是逻辑判断上 并不涉及此事真的发生 常译为 往往会 有时候可能会 常用于肯定句中 Accidents can happen on rainy days 3 表示请求和允许 在问句中 could 语气比 can 要委婉 You can go back home now 4 表示惊异 怀疑 不相信等态度 主要用于否定句 疑问句或感叹句中 How can you be so careless 5 表示推测 常用于否定句和疑问句中 语气较强 He can t be in the classroom the light is not on 6 cannot never too enough 表示 再 也不为过 You can never be too careful when driving a car 7 cannot but do sth cannot help but do sth cannot choose but do sth 表 示 不得不 只好做某事 You cannot choose but go with me 考点二 shall 1 用于第二 三人称的陈述句中 表示命令 许诺 警告 强制 威胁 决心等 此 外 颁布法律 规定时也用 shall The new law shall come into effect next month 2 用于第一 三人称的疑问句中 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示 Shall the man standing outside have a try 考点三 must 1 表示主观上的 必须 应该 其否定形式 mustn t 表示禁止 对比 have to 表 示客观上的 不得不 可用于各种时态 You must listen carefully in class Students mustn t play with mobile phones in class I had lost my key so I had to wait outdoors 2 表示 非要 偏要 做某事 表达出说话者的一种不满情绪 Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping 3 表示对具体事情的推测 意为 一定 肯定 语气较强 只用于肯定句中 He must come from America 考点四 should 1 表示义务 常译为 应该 用于各种人称 Parents should take care of their babies 2 表示预测可能性 译为 可能 按道理 应该 多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结 果的一种期盼 It s nearly 8 o clock He should be here at the moment 3 表示惊讶 意外等 常译为 竟然 居然 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me 4 用在 if 条件句中 表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气 常译为 如果 2 If I should see him I would tell him the news 考点五 will 与 would 1 表示意愿 用于各种人称的陈述句中 would 常指过去的意愿 If you will read the book I ll give it to you 2 表示请求 用于疑问句 would 语气较委婉 Will you close the window 3 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作 常译为 总是 惯于 would 可表示过去反复发生 的动作或某种倾向 后面接表示动作的动词 不能接表示状态的词 对比 used to 表示 过去的习惯动作或状态 强调现在已不存在 He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours 考点六 may 与 might 1 表示请求 允许 许可 might 比 may 语气委婉 You may use my bike 2 表示推测 常用于陈述句中 语气比较弱 把握性不大 might 语气比 may 还要弱 He may go out 3 may as well 动词原形 意为 最好 倒不如 You may as well do it at once 4 may well 动词原形 意为 完全能 很可能 Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight 5 may 用于祈使句中 表示祝愿 May you return in safety 考点七 need 与 dare 1 二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词 当作情态动词时 后面要接动词原形 通常 用于否定句 疑问句和条件句中 用作行为动词时 其变化和一般的动词相同 有人称和 数的变化 构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词 do does did dare 用作行为动词 用于否定句和疑问句时 常省略后面的 to You needn t hurry he needs to dress up The little didn t dare to go out at night alone 2 need 作行为动词时 若主语为动作的承受者时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或 用不定式的被动形式 The house needs repairing The house needs to be repaired 3 I dare say 为习惯说法 意为 我想 大概 I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner 考点八 情态动词表推测 1 can may must 皆可用来表示推测 1 在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性 在含义上 must 语气最肯定 may 表示不 太肯定的可能性 而 can 表示理论上的可能性 2 在否定句中只能用 can not 和 may not can t 不可能 语气比 may not 可能不 也许不 更强 3 在疑问句中只能用 can 不能用 may 和 must Accidents can happen on such snowy days Look there is some blood on the road an accident must have happened just now But it can t have been Mike for I saw him in the school 2 should 与 ought to 可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼 常译为 按理应当 He should ought to be here on time he started early 考点九 情态动词 have done 1 could have done 的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定 其 中 couldn t have done 多用于语气强烈的否定 意为 过去不可能做过 could have done 在肯定句中表示 本来能做但却没做 3 The accident could have been avoided the driver couldn t have slowed down 2 may might have done 表示对过去行为的推测 意为 可能做过 might 所表示 的可能性比较弱 此外 might have done 还可表示 本可能做而实际上未做 含有轻微 的责备语气 You might have given him more help though you were busy with your work 3 must have done 表示对过去行为的推测 意为 一定 想必做过 语气十分肯定 It must have rained yesterday as the ground is wet 4 should ought to have done 用于肯定句时 表示本该做某事 而实际上未做 用 于否定句时 则表示不该做某事反而做了 You oughtn t to have been late for the meeting as it was very important 5 needn t have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了 I actually needn t have bought so much food only three people came 6 had better have done 用于事后的建议 含轻微责备的口吻 意为 当时最好做 了某事 I had better have started earlier 1 2012 课标全国高考 I use a clock to wake me up because at six o clock each morning the train comes by my house A couldn t B mustn t C shouldn t D needn t 2 2012 全国高考 I m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money A can B might C would D need 3 2012 北京高考 We the difficulty together but why didn t you tell me A should face B might face C could have faced D must have faced 4 2012 天津高考 It s quite warm here we turn the heating on yet A couldn t B mustn t C needn t D wouldn t 5 2012 上海高考 The new law states that people drive after drinking alcohol A wouldn t B needn t C won t D mustn t 6 2012 重庆高考 you interrupt now Can t you see I m on the phone Sorry Sir but it s urgent A Can B Should C Must D Would 7 2012 江苏高考 Days later my brother called to say he was all right but say where he was A mustn t B shouldn t C wouldn t D mightn t 8 2012 江苏高考 Happy birthday Thank you It s the best present I for A should have wished B must have wished C may have wished D could have wished 9 2012 江西高考 We have bought so much food now that Suzie won t be with us for dinner A may not B needn t C can t D mustn t 10 2012 辽宁高考 One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school A might B could C shall D will 11 2012 陕西高考 I thank you too much for all your help to my 4 son while we were away from home A won t B can t C can D will 12 2012 四川高考 I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese and I said Ni Hao just as I do in China A must B might C can D should 13 2011 全国高考 If you smoke please go outside A can B should C must D may 14 2011 北京高考 I don t really like James Why did you invite him Don t worry He come He said he wasn t certain what his plans were A must not B need not C would not D might not 15 2011 北京高考 I worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes A can t B mustn t C daren t D needn t 16 2011 江苏高考 I left my handbag on the train but luckily someone gave it to a railway official How unbelievable to get it back I mean someone it A will have stolen B might have stolen C should have stolen D must have stolen 17 2011 福建高考 Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now I am afraid you in case he comes late for the meeting A will B must C may D can 18 2011 浙江高考 How s your new babysitter We ask for a better one All our kids love her so much A should B might C mustn t D couldn t 19 2011 四川高考 The police still haven t found the lost child but they re doing all they A can B may C must D should 20 2011 重庆高考 Why didn t you come to Simon s party last night I wanted to but my mom simply not let me out so late at night A could B might C would D should 21 2011 陕西高考 Will you read me a story Mummy OK You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible A might B must C could D shall 22 2011 湖南高考 No one be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball Oh you are really his big fan A can B need C must D might 23 2011 辽宁高考 If you go at least wait until the storm is over A can B may C must D will 24 2011 江西高考 It be the postman at the door It s only six o clock A mustn t B can t C won t D needn t 25 2013 河北普通高中教学质监 For those who go to college there are still hundreds of high paying jobs that only require a high school diploma A can t B mustn t C shan t D needn t 26 2013 山西第二次四校联考 Mum I could hardly keep my eyes open But you be so sleepy you didn t get up until 9 this morning A mustn t B shouldn t C wouldn t D needn t 5 27 2013 北京东城区示范校综合练习一 My cousin be really shy at times even though he is cheerful in general A shall B should C can D must 28 2013 云南昆明摸底 Mum could I play outside with my friends If you finish your homework you do it A shall B should C will D would 6 参考答案参考答案 1 D A 项意为 不能够 不可以 B 项意为 禁止 绝对不可 C 项意为 不应 该 D 项意为 不必 不需要 根据句意判断应选 D 项 句意 我没有必要使用闹钟把 我叫醒 因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我的房子旁边经过 2 A can 能够 might 可能 would 愿意 need 需要 句意 如果我 能找到那笔钱 我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假 故选 A 项 3 C 句意 我们本可以一起面对困难的 但是你为什么不告诉我 could have done sth 本可以做某事 should do sth 应该做某事 might do sth 可能做某事 must have done sth 一定做了某事 表推测 根据句意可知选 C 项 4 C 句意 这里现在很暖和 我们还没有必要打开供暖设备 couldn t 不能 mustn t 禁止 不许 needn t 不必 wouldn t 不愿 不想 5 D 句意 这项新法律说 人们在喝酒之后禁止开车 故此处用 mustn t 表示 禁 止 6 C 由第一句可知说话者正忙着 不满意对方的打搅 must 表示与说话者主观愿望 相反或表示一种不耐烦的情绪 常译成 偏要 偏偏 can 表示可能性 should 表示 应该 would 表示 将要 要 都不符合题意 句意 你现在偏要打搅我 难道 你没看见我正在打电话吗 对不起 先生 但是有急事 故选 C 项 7 C mustn t 意为 禁止 绝对不可 shouldn t 意为 不应该 wouldn t 意为 不愿意 不想 mightn t 意为 可能不 也许不 句意 几天后 我弟弟打电话说他 很好 但是就是不说他在哪里 8 D should have done 意为 本应该做 must have done 意为 一定做过 may have done 意为 可能做过 could have done 意为 本能够做 本可以做 根据句意判 断应选 D 项 表示 这是我能够希望得到的最好的礼物 9 B 句意 既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭 我们原本不必买那么多食物 needn t have done 表示原本不必要做某事 但事实上已经做了 10 C 句意 我们有一项规定 每位学生在校期间都要穿校服 此处 shall 表示按 照法律 条文 规定必须要做的事情 其他选择项均无此用法 11 B 句意 在我们不在家期间 你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽 can not 或 can never 与 too much 连用表示 再 也不过分 故选 B 项 12 B might 表示可能性 句意 我走近了 听见他们在说汉语 然后我就以在中国 可能的打招呼方式说了声 你好 must 必须 偏要 can 能够 可能 should 应 该 均不符合句意 13 C 此处 must 表示 偏偏 非要 句意 如果你非要吸烟 请到外面去 14 D 句意 我真不喜欢詹姆斯 你为什么邀请他 不要担心 他有可能不 来 他说过他对他的计划不确定 might 可能 可能性较小 由句意可知 选 D 项 15 D 句意 我不必担心我的周末 我总是在周末到来之前做好计划 can t 不能 mustn t 禁止 不许 daren t 不敢 needn t 不必 16 B 根据语境可知 手提包失而复得 这里是猜测 但并不确定 意为 这个手提 包可能会被偷 might 的可能性小 17 B will 愿意 要 用来表示一个人的意愿 must 必须 一定 用来表示 必要性 may 可以 can 能够 会 由空前的 I m afraid 可知 此处应侧重必