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ELECTRIC POWER AROUND THE WORLD The table below summarizes information on the electrical systems in use in most countries of the world The voltages listed here are the nominal figures reported to be in use at most residential or commercial sites in the country or area named Most electrical power systems are prone to slight variations in voltage due to demand or other factors Many former 220V countries have converted or are in the process of converting to the EU standard of 230V Generally this difference is inconsequential as most appliances are built to tolerate current a certain percentage above or below the rated voltage However severe variations in current can damage electrical equipment The electric power frequency is shown in the number of hertz cycles per second Even if voltages are similar a 60 hertz clock or tape recorder may not function properly on 50 hertz current All systems described here use alternating current AC The plug types listed indicate all types known to be in use in that country Not all areas of a country may use all types of plugs listed for that country since there may be regional differences based on the power system in a certain area Finally I ve only included information that is likely to be relevant for travelers Just about everywhere listed here has higher voltage lines available for heavy duty appliances not to mention commercial or industrial applications While this would be relevant for those moving to another country I m assuming most travelers will leave their clothes dryers air conditioners and arc welders at home COUNTRYVOLTAGE FREQUENCY PLUG COMMENTS Afghanistan 220V50 HzC to be converted to 220V Bahamas120V60 HzA type C is common in building built during Indonesian occupation type E is less common type F is common in offices but not hotels Ecuador120 127V60 HzA complete in principal cities Iran230V50 HzC Iraq230V50 HzC D Western Japan 60 Hz Osaka Kyoto Nagoya Hiroshima Jordan230V50 HzD F G Saba Arequipa 50 Hz Philippines220V60 HzA B C Poland230V50 HzC most commonly used for audio and video equipment Slovak Republic230V50 HzE Slovenia220V50 HzC Merca 110 220V South Africa220 230V 50 HzM Grahamstad also found in King Williams Types C labels and descriptions used by various vendors may differ Supposedly the IEEE has standard terminology for these things but it s not used by anyone in the travel industry A Flat blade attachment plug Click on the picture for more B B FlatFlat bladesblades same same asas typetype A A butbut withwith roundround groundinggrounding pinpin Click on the picture for more C Round pin attachment plug NOTE a C style plug can be used with E F and some L receptacles Click on the picture for more D Round pins with ground Click on the picture for more E Round pin plug and receptacle with male grounding pin Click on the picture for more F Schuko plug and receptable with side grounding contacts Click on the picture for more G Rectangular blade plug Click on the picture for more H Oblique flat blades with ground Click on the picture for more I Oblique flat blades inverted V shape with ground Click on the picture for more J Round pins with ground offset Click on the picture for more K Round pins with spade ground Click on the picture for more L Round pins with ground in line Click on the picture for more M South African plug similar to type D but larger and with one oversized pin Click on the picture for more ADAPTORS AND CONVERTERS An adaptor will allow you to plug an appliance designed for one type of outlet into another type of outlet Despite the fact that more than a dozen different types of plugs are in use a typical travel adaptor kit usually contains about five adaptors which are capable of dealing with most of the outlets shown here Adaptors often manage this versatility by bypassing the ground earth wire Is this a good idea Maybe but not necessarily Not all appliances need to be grounded earthed and for short term activities like running a portable computer and recharging batteries the adaptor s convenience usually outweighs any potential safety concerns that might be caused by not using the ground earth connection For appliances that require grounding earthing and for long term hookups you should obtain an adaptor that allows you to use the ground earth wire Grounding adaptors could be more expensive and may be more difficult to find prior to reaching your destination but should be available locally at your destination at hardware or electronics stores Remember an adaptor by itself will not change the electrical voltage You must be sure that your appliance can handle different voltages either automatically or through a voltage switch If it can t you will need a voltage converter Converters and sets of adaptor plugs are available at travel luggage stores and at Radio Shack Tandy and other electronic stores They can often be found in airport shops and duty free stores A set of adaptor plugs costs around 10 to 15US and in some stores you can buy an individual adaptor for only a few dollars Other places that sell these items are listed on the sources page Follow the link below to see a table showing the types of electrical systems you will find in the various countries of the world 奥运成了一项政治任务 一项政绩工程 或者叫面子工程 这似乎是不争的事实了 为了奥运 咱们可 谓是倾尽所有 掏空家底 就好像为了请亲戚朋友吃顿饭长长 面子 结果家里的孩子两个礼拜吃不上饱 饭 我们现在能够想象奥运的时候是什么情形 凡是与奥运有关的一律开绿灯 凡是无关的通通靠边站 这是我们需要的奥 运吗 一场浮华过后 所有的阵痛和内伤还不是要我们来慢慢消化 交通也许还是这 个样 靠什么保障奥运呢 那就交通管制 结果百姓的交通就更加雪上加霜 堵 到天荒地老 房子已经 涨到离谱 这个是地球人都纳闷的事情了 北京的人均月收入 1495 块人民币 全球城市排到 100 多位 消费指数排到 14 位 这相当于 什么 相对于拿着 100 块钱的去过本来 14 块钱就能买到的生活 北京的 房子已经盖到天通苑 回龙冠和燕郊 真的是没有地了吗 看看城中村的大片荒地 随便 的搭建着窝棚 看看城铁附近那一望无垠的 长满杂草的荒地 为什么不盖房子呢 因为这里地太
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