句子成分化分专练

句子成分专项练习句子成分专项练习 一 句子成分一 句子成分 一 句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句 一 句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句 子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分 主要成分子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分 主要成分 有主语和谓语 次要成分有表语 宾语 定语 状语 有主语和谓语 次要成分有表语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语和同位语 补足语和同位语 二 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 一般位 二 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 一般位 于句首 但在于句首 但在 there be 结构 疑问句和倒装句中 主结构 疑问句和倒装句中 主 语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可由名词 语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可由名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主 语从句等表示 例如 语从句等表示 例如 During the 1990s American country music has become more and more popular 名词 名词 We often speak English in class 代词 代词 One third of the students in this class are girls 数词 数词 To swim in the river is a great pleasure 不定式 不定式 Smoking does harm to the health 动名词 动名词 The rich should help the poor 名词化的形容词 名词化的形容词 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided 主语从句 主语从句 It is necessary to master a foreign language it 作形作形 式主语 真正的主语为后面的不定式 式主语 真正的主语为后面的不定式 三 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征 三 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征 和状态 动词在句中作谓语 一般放在主语之后 谓和状态 动词在句中作谓语 一般放在主语之后 谓 语的构成如下 语的构成如下 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 如 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 如 He practices running every morning 2 复合谓语 复合谓语 1 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成 如 原形构成 如 You may keep the book for two weeks He has caught a bad cold 2 由系动词加表 由系动词加表 语构成 如 语构成 如 We are students 四 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 四 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 它一般位于系动词 如它一般位于系动词 如 be become get look grow turn seem 等 之后 表语一般由名词 代词 形容等 之后 表语一般由名词 代词 形容 词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短语 副词词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短语 副词 及表语从句表示 例如 及表语从句表示 例如 Our teacher of English is an American 名词 名词 Is it yours 代词 代词 The weather has turned cold 形容词 形容词 The speech is exciting 分词 分词 Three times seven is twenty one 数词 数词 His job is to teach English 不定式 不定式 His hobby 爱好 爱好 is playing football 动名词 动名词 The machine must be out of order 介词短语 介词短语 Time is up The class is over 副词 副词 The truth is that he has never been abroad 表语从 表语从 句 句 五 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 一般位 五 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 一般位 于及物动词和介词后面 例如 于及物动词和介词后面 例如 They went to see an exhibition 展览 展览 yesterday 名词 名词 The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time 代词 代词 How many dictionaries do you have I have five 数 数 词 词 They helped the old with their housework yesterday 名词化形容词 名词化形容词 He pretended not to see me 不定式短语 不定式短语 I enjoy listening to popular music 动名词短语 动名词短语 I think that he is fit for his office 宾语从句 宾语从句 宾语种类 宾语种类 1 双宾语 间接宾语 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 直接宾语 例 例 如 如 Lend me your dictionary please 2 复合宾语 复合宾语 宾语 宾语 宾补 宾补 例如 例如 They elected him their monitor 六 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词 除有一个 六 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词 除有一个 直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补语 才能使句子的直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补语 才能使句子的 意义完整 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为 某些及物意义完整 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为 某些及物 动词 如动词 如 make 等等 宾语宾语 宾补 宾补 宾补可由名词 形 宾补可由名词 形 容词 副词 不定式 分词 介词短语和从句充当 容词 副词 不定式 分词 介词短语和从句充当 例如 例如 His father named him Dongming 名词 名词 They painted their boat white 形容词 形容词 Let the fresh air in 副词 副词 You mustn t force him to lend his money to you 不定式短语 不定式短语 We saw her entering the room 现在分词 现在分词 We found everything in the lab in good order 介词 介词 短语 短语 We will soon make our city what your city is now 从句 从句 七 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为 七 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为 定语 定语可由以下等成分表示 定语 定语可由以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city 形容词 形容词 China is a developing country America is a developed country 分词 分词 There are thirty women teachers is our school 名词 名词 His rapid progress in English made us surprised 代 代 词 词 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom 不定式短语 不定式短语 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out 动名词 动名词 He is reading an article about how to learn English 介词短语 介词短语 八 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 八 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 叫做状语 可由以说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 叫做状语 可由以 下形式表示 下形式表示 Light travels most quickly 副词及副词性词组 副词及副词性词组 He has lived in the city for ten years 介词短语 介词短语 He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination 不定式短语 不定式短语 He is in the room making a model plane 分词短语 分词短语 Wait a minute 名词 名词 Once you begin you must continue 状语从句 状语从句 状语种类如下 状语种类如下 How about meeting again at six 时间状语 时间状语 Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain 原因状语 原因状语 I shall go there if it doesn t rain 条件状语 条件状语 Mr Smith lives on the third floor 地点状语 地点状语 She put the eggs into the basket with great care 方 方 式状语 式状语 She came in with a d ictionary in her hand 伴随状 伴随状 语 语 In order to catch up with the others I must work harder 目的状语 目的状语 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately 结果 结果 状语 状语 She works very hard though she is old 让步状语 让步状语 I am taller than he is 比较状语 比较状语 练习一 一 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1 The students got on the school bus 2 He handed me the newspaper 3 I shall answer your question after class 4 What a beautiful Chinese painting 5 They went hunting together early in the morning 6 His job is to train swimmers 7 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing 8 There is going to be an American film tonight 9 He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow 10 His wish is to become a scientist 11 He managed to finish the work in time 12 Tom came to ask me for advice 13 He found it important to master English 14 Do you have anything else to say 15 To be honest your pronunciation is not so good 16 Would you please tell me your address 17 He sat there reading a newspaper 18 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy 19 He noticed a man enter the room 20 The apples tasted sweet 二 英语的句子成分 英语的句子成分 1 Walls have ears 2 He will take you to the hospital 3 To see is to believe 4 Smoking is not allowed in public places 5 Action speaks louder than words 6 The chance may never come again 7 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994 8 My father is a professor 9 Who s that It s me 10 Everything here is expensive 11 The match became very exciting 12 The story of my life may be of help to others 13 Three times five is fifteen 14 His plan is to seek work in the city 15 My first idea was that you should hide your feelings 16 She covered her face with her hands 17 We haven t seen her for a long time 18 Do you mind opening the window 19 Give me four please 20 He wants to dream a nice dream 21 They are woman workers 22 Tom s father