中考英语专题复习---句子类型

句子类型句子类型 中考对句子类型的考查主要有 中考对句子类型的考查主要有 1 并列连词的用法 并列连词的用法 2 主从复合句 其中对宾语从句往往考查引导词 语序和时态三个方面 主从复合句 其中对宾语从句往往考查引导词 语序和时态三个方面 对状语从句的考查主要是联系主句与从句之间的引导词的选择以及主句与对状语从句的考查主要是联系主句与从句之间的引导词的选择以及主句与 从句在时态上的一致性 定语从句重点考查引导定语从句的关系代词 从句在时态上的一致性 定语从句重点考查引导定语从句的关系代词 知知识识网网络络 句子类型句子类型Error 按结构分 句子可分为简单句 并列句和复合句 按结构分 句子可分为简单句 并列句和复合句 简单句简单句 只有一套主 谓语的句子叫简单句 只有一套主 谓语的句子叫简单句 He is tall and likes playing football 他很高并且喜欢踢足球 他很高并且喜欢踢足球 并列句并列句 1 由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成 两个简单句常由并 由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成 两个简单句常由并 列连词连在一起 结构是 列连词连在一起 结构是 简单句 并列连词 简单句简单句 并列连词 简单句 Mr Green was very poor but he was very happy 格林先生很穷 但是他非常幸福 格林先生很穷 但是他非常幸福 2 连接并列句的连词有四类 连接并列句的连词有四类 and 等构成联合并列句 等构成联合并列句 but 等构成转折并等构成转折并 列句 列句 or 等构成选择并列句 等构成选择并列句 so 等构成因果并列句 等构成因果并列句 Be quick or you ll miss the early bus 快点 否则你会错过早班车 快点 否则你会错过早班车 Work hard and you ll find it easy 努力工作 你就会发现很简单 努力工作 你就会发现很简单 复合句复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 主句是句子的主体 从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 主句是句子的主体 从 句是句子的一个成分 不能独立使用 从句都是陈述语序 句是句子的一个成分 不能独立使用 从句都是陈述语序 Can you tell me who he is 你能告诉我他是谁吗 你能告诉我他是谁吗 从句通常由关联词引导 从句可分为三类 从句通常由关联词引导 从句可分为三类 名词性从句名词性从句 有宾语从句 表语从句 主语从句和同位语从句有宾语从句 表语从句 主语从句和同位语从句 形容词性从句形容词性从句 也叫定语从句也叫定语从句 副词性从句副词性从句 也叫状语从句也叫状语从句 I asked her in English what she was and she told me that she was an English teacher 我用英语问她是干什么的 她告诉我她是一位英语老师 我用英语问她是干什么的 她告诉我她是一位英语老师 此句是一个复合句 此句是一个复合句 what she was 和和 that she was 是两个宾语从句 是两个宾语从句 and she told me 是并列句 是并列句 1 宾语从句 宾语从句 1 宾语从句在句子中作动词或介词的宾语 在宾语从句在句子中作动词或介词的宾语 在 I m afraid 等句型中 从句等句型中 从句 也可用于形容词之后 也可用于形容词之后 I m afraid that I have made a mistake 恐怕我犯了一个错误 恐怕我犯了一个错误 I m glad that you can come for our Thanksgiving dinner 我很高兴你能加入我们的感恩节大餐 我很高兴你能加入我们的感恩节大餐 2 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类 that 不作成分 没有词义 常可省略 不作成分 没有词义 常可省略 whether 或或 if 是否是否 不作成分 但有词义 不能省略 不作成分 但有词义 不能省略 what 什么什么 或或 的事情的事情 which 哪个哪个 些些 who 谁谁 whom 谁谁 宾格宾格 whose 谁的谁的 when 何时何时 where 何地何地 how 怎样怎样 why 为什么为什么 等 等 3 当间接引用或转述别人的话时 往往要用宾语从句的形式 若主句谓语当间接引用或转述别人的话时 往往要用宾语从句的形式 若主句谓语 动词为过去时 则从句动词一般要呼应成过去时态的相应形式 但若引述动词为过去时 则从句动词一般要呼应成过去时态的相应形式 但若引述 的是真理等 从句仍保持原来的时态形式 的是真理等 从句仍保持原来的时态形式 4 在变为间接引语时 原句为陈述句 则变为在变为间接引语时 原句为陈述句 则变为 that 引导的宾语从句 原句引导的宾语从句 原句 为一般疑问句 选择疑问句和反意疑问句 则变为为一般疑问句 选择疑问句和反意疑问句 则变为 whether if 引导的宾引导的宾 语从句 原句为特殊疑问句 则变为同一个语从句 原句为特殊疑问句 则变为同一个 wh 词引导的宾语从句 词引导的宾语从句 We d like to know whether the sports meeting comes or not 我们想知道运动会是否要来到了 我们想知道运动会是否要来到了 注 若原来的直接引语是个祈使句 间接引语中则变为不定式形式注 若原来的直接引语是个祈使句 间接引语中则变为不定式形式 to do sth 作宾语补足语 若为否定祈使句 则变为不定式的否定式作宾语补足语 若为否定祈使句 则变为不定式的否定式 not to do sth 变化后的句子仍为简单句 变化后的句子仍为简单句 Jim asked Ling Feng to look after Polly 吉姆请求凌峰照顾波力 吉姆请求凌峰照顾波力 5 宾语从句应注意三点 引导词 语序和时态 宾语从句应注意三点 引导词 语序和时态 2 状语从句 状语从句 状语从句在句中作状语 修饰主句中的动词 形容词 副词或全句 状语状语从句在句中作状语 修饰主句中的动词 形容词 副词或全句 状语 从句由连词从句由连词 或连词词组或连词词组 引导 其位置可以在句首 也可以在句尾 状语从引导 其位置可以在句首 也可以在句尾 状语从 句可以分为时间 原因 条件 句可以分为时间 原因 条件 让步 目的 结果 比较或方式等状让步 目的 结果 比较或方式等状 语从句 语从句 1 时间状语从句时间状语从句 时间状语从句 常由时间状语从句 常由 when 当当 时候时候 as 时时 while 当当 时候时候 before 之前之前 after 之后之后 as soon as 一一 就就 since 自自 从从 until till 一直到一直到 等引导 在时间状语从句中 要特别注意用一等引导 在时间状语从句中 要特别注意用一 般现在时去代替一般将来时 般现在时去代替一般将来时 Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she came to the city 自从来到这座城市 梅梅接到了一些来自家乡的信 自从来到这座城市 梅梅接到了一些来自家乡的信 肯定形式的延续性动词 肯定形式的延续性动词 until 从句从句 表表 一直到一直到 否定形式的动词否定形式的动词 until 表表 直到直到 才才 None of us knew what had happened until they told us about it 我们当中没有人知道发生了什么直到他们告诉我们 我们当中没有人知道发生了什么直到他们告诉我们 He didn t go to sleep until his mother came back 直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉 直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉 2 条件状语从句条件状语从句 条件状语从句常由条件状语从句常由 if unless 除非除非 引导 从句中该用一般将来时的时候 引导 从句中该用一般将来时的时候 要用一般现在时来代替 要用一般现在时来代替 I don t know if his uncle will come 我不知道他叔叔是否会来 我不知道他叔叔是否会来 I think he will come if it doesn t rain 我想不下雨的话他会来 我想不下雨的话他会来 3 原因状语从句原因状语从句 原因状语从句常由原因状语从句常由 because 因为因为 所以所以 since 既然既然 as 由由 于于 等引导 注意等引导 注意 因为因为 所以所以 不可说不可说 because so 两个连 两个连 词只可留其一 词只可留其一 As he did not know the answer he did not put up his hand 由于不知道答案 他没有举手 由于不知道答案 他没有举手 Why didn t you go surfing last Sunday 上周日为什么不去冲浪 上周日为什么不去冲浪 Because I had a bad headache 因为我头痛 因为我头痛 4 让步状语从句让步状语从句 让步状语从句常由让步状语从句常由 though although even if no matter 疑问句 疑问句 even though 等引导 表等引导 表 虽然虽然 但是但是 时 不可说时 不可说 although though but 两个连词只能留其一 两个连词只能留其一 Australia is very large but its population is quite small 澳大利亚很大 但是它的人口很少 澳大利亚很大 但是它的人口很少 5 结果状语从句结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由结果状语从句常由 so that such that 等引出 表等引出 表 如此如此 以至以至 于于 so 后常加形容词或副词 后常加形容词或副词 such 后常加名词 后常加名词 Sorry you speak so quickly that I can t follow you 对不起 你说得太快以至于我听不懂 对不起 你说得太快以至于我听不懂 6 比较状语从句比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由比较状语从句常由 as as 或或 not so as 引出表示同级比较的句子 由引出表示同级比较的句子 由 than 引出表示比较级比较的句子 引出表示比较级比较的句子 The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China 长江比中国的任何一条其他河流都要长 长江比中国的任何一条其他河流都要长 3 定语从句 定语从句 在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句 定语从句通常位于所修饰的名在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句 定语从句通常位于所修饰的名 词或代词之后 常由关系代词或关系副词引出 被修饰的词称为先行词 词或代词之后 常由关系代词或关系副词引出 被修饰的词称为先行词 常见的关系代词有 常见的关系代词有 who whom which that whose 关系副词有 关系副词有 when why where 1 先行词为指人的名词或代词时 定语从句用先行词为指人的名词或代词时 定语从句用 who 或或 that 来引导 如 来引导 如 Do you know the girl who is in a red dress 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗 The man who we saw that day hasn t come here yet 那天我们见到的那个人还没有来这儿 那天我们见到的那个人还没有来这儿 2 先行词为指物的名词或代词时 用先行词为指物的名词或代词时 用 which 或或 that which 或或 that 在从句在从句 中做主语或宾语 如 中做主语或宾语 如 She works in a shoe factory which that is far from here 她在离这儿很远的一家鞋厂工作 她在离这儿很远的一家鞋厂工作 3 只能用关系代词只能用关系代词 that 引导的定语从句的几种情况 引导的定语从句的几种情况 当先行词是当先行词是 anything nothing everything 等不定代词时 如 等不定代词时 如 I m sorry to tell you that there is nothing that I can do for you 很抱歉告诉你 我帮不上忙 很抱歉告诉你 我帮不上忙 Is there anything that you want to buy in town 你在城里有什么东西要买吗 你在城里有什么东西要买吗 当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 如 当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 如 This is the best way that can solve the problem 这是解决问题的最好办法 这是解决问题的最好办法 This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen 这是我看到的最美的花 这是我看到的最美的花 当先行词被当先行词被 first last only very no just any little 等词修饰时 等词修饰时 如 如 She asked for the last book that was on the subject 她要了有关这个科目的最后一本书 她要了有关这个科目的最后一本书 This is the only one that I m looking for 这是我正在找的唯一的一个 这是我正在找的唯一的一个 The first thing that we can do is to put all things onto the truck 现在我们首先要做的是把所有的东西都放到卡车上 现在我们首先要做的是把所有的东西都放到卡车上 若先行词中既有人又有物时 如 若先行词中既有人又有物时 如 He watched the children and boxes that filled the car 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和盒子 他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和盒子 4 who 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 当当 who 为疑问代词时 引导特殊疑问句 当为疑问代词时 引导特殊疑问句 当 who 为关系代词时 引导定语为关系代词时 引导定语 从句 其用法如下 从句 其用法如下 who 引导的定语从句的先行词为表示人的名词或代词 如 引导的定语从句的先行词为表示人的名词或代词 如 The boy who is standing under the tree is Peter 那个站在树底下的男孩是彼得 那个站在树底下的男孩是彼得 who 在定语从句中做主语时不能省略 但在非正式英语中 在定语从句中做主语时不能省略 但在非正式英语中 who 也可做也可做 宾语 且可以省略 如 宾语 且可以省略 如 The person who was here yesterday is a teacher 昨天来这儿的那个人是个老师 昨天来这儿的那个人是个老师 The man who I saw just now is Mr Liu 我刚才见到的那个人是刘先生 我刚才见到的那个人是刘先生 在定语从句中 在定语从句中 who 在人称 数上和其前面的先行词保持一致 如 在人称 数上和其前面的先行词保持一致 如 Do you know the boy who is standing over there 你认识在那边站着的那个男孩吗 你认识在那边站着的那个男孩吗 5 当先行词为地点名词当先行词为地点名词 如如 village town home place 等等 时 用关系副词时 用关系副词 where 来引导 来引导 where 在从句中作地点状语 如 在从句中作地点状语 如 This is the place where we came last summer 这就是我们去年夏天来的地方 这就是我们去年夏天来的地方 She has gone to Shanghai where she will stay for a week 她去上海了 将在那里待一周 她去上海了 将在那里待一周 6 当先行词为表示时间的名词当先行词为表示时间的名词 如如 day year season 等等 时 用关系副词时 用关系副词 when 来引导 来引导 when 在从句中作时间状语 如 在从句中作时间状语 如 I ll never forget the day when I joined the League 我将永远忘不了我入团的那一天 我将永远忘不了我入团的那一天 She came on the day when I was not at home 她来的那天我不在家 她来的那天我不在家 1 Could you tell me last night Er I was watching TV at home A what you were doing B what were you doing C what you are doing D what are you doing 2 I really want to know A what is wrong with my brother B how will he go to Beijing tomorrow C if had he bought that car D where did he go yesterday 3 I don t know your brother Oh The man came to see me yesterday is my brother A who B whose C where D whom 4 The skirt is made of silk is very expensive I can t afford it A what B C that D it 5 You have to leave now you can catch the early bus A so that B as soon as C because D if 6 What is our head teacher like do you know Oh he is very kind he looks very serious A because B though C if D when 1 Your T shirt is so cool Could you tell me A where you buy it B where do you buy it C where you bought it D where did you buy it 2 I can t forget the time the earthquake happened in Yushu A when B which C that D where 3 Would you please tell me At 10 00 this evening A when will the train leave B when the train will leave C when does the train leave 4 You speak good English Could you tell me You d better communicate with others in English as much as possible A how can I improve my English B how I can improve my English C how could I improve my English 5 Could you please tell me Walk along the road until to the end and you ll see it on your left A how is the Shi Chang Square B how the Shi Chang Square is C where is the Shi Chang Square D where the Shi Chang Square is 6 This is my beautiful school is near the famous library A where B which C who D when 7 Could you tell me He is in the library A where Simon was B where is Simon C where was Simon D where Simon is 8 Friends are those make you smile always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed A which B what C whom D who 9 Does anyone know I hear that he was born in Sweden A what he is B when he was born C where he comes from D which country is he from 10 I don t know if Jack If he call me please A will come will comes B comes come C comes will come D will come comes 11 We can use QQ to communicate with each other online Good Will you please show me A which to use B how to use it C what to use D where to use it 12 I seem to be lost Could you tell me Sure You can take the No 3 bus to get there A where is the nearest hospital B how long it will take me to the airport C how far is my trip to the Olympic Village D how I can get to the National Museum 13 We ll go for a picnic if it this weekend A will rain B rains C doesn t rain D won t rain 14 Could you please tell me I ve lost her address A where did Carol live B where does Carol live C where Carol lives D where Carol lived 15 I don t know if it tomorrow If it we won t go on a picnic A rains rains B will rain rains C will rain will rain 16 The TV play is about a true story happened in Mianyang in 1998 A it B what C that D when 17 Could you tell me Of course last night A when you reached Chengdu B when did you reach Chengdu C how you came to China D how did you come to China 18 David look at the man in white over there Can you tell me He is a doctor A Who is he B who he is C what is he D what he is 19 The boy is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother A who B what C which 20 Could you tell me at the meeting Sorry I don t know I didn t go to the meeting that day A what does he say B what he says C what he said D what did he say 21 Some of my friends are interested in science but none of them can tell A when UFOs will appear next time B why do horses know the way C where was this kind of plant found D how do elephants communicate 22 Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie It s about A how did Alice end the Red Queen s reign of terror 恐怖统治恐怖统治 B what did Alice end the Red Queen s reign of terror C how Alice ended the Red Queen s reign of terror D what Alice ended the Red Queen s reign of terror 23 The old woman is wearing a pair of glasses Mrs Black A which are B who are C who is 24 Can you tell me on the Internet OK mum A how can I use QQ B where can I use QQ C how I can use QQ D whether can I use QQ 25 Hi Daming It s said the famous singer will come to Tai an Do you know Next month A when does he come B when he comes C when will he come D when he will come 26 Do you know to our city Yes He came on February 13th 2010 A when did the chairman come B when came the chairman C when the chairman came 27 Do you like music makes you relaxed A it B what C who D that 28 Do you know the MP4 yesterday Sorry I ve no idea about it A how much did he pay for B how much he paid for C he paid for how much D he paid how much for 29 you don t go to bed earlier you will feel tired in the morning A Unless B If C Though D Until 30 Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake A where B which C when D who 31 He met many problems he was going over his lessons A before B as soon as C since D while 32 What are you looking for I m looking for the pen I bought yesterday A who B which C whose 33 well you drive you must drive carefully A No matter where B In order that C No matter how D As soon as 34 This is the novel is written by Guo Jingming A who B what C that D 35 The film Kung Fu Panda is interesting I would like to see it again A such that B too to C as as D so that 36 We have to get up at 7 15 tomorrow morning we will be late for the 7 40 train A before B or C if D so 37 Lily s mother looked for her for half an hour but could not find A what Lily was B what was Lily C where Lily was D where was Lily 38 We should be ready to help the people are in trouble A whose B whom C which D who 39 The magician 魔术师魔术师 played magic tricks