自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson16

Lesson Sixteen The Letter A II 一 词汇 intelligence n 智力 理解力 apparent adj 明显的 toe n 人的 脚趾 finger 手指 kitchen n 厨房 imprison v 禁锢 限制 imprisonment n 禁锢 限制 long v 渴望 reward v 报答 回报 open adj 无遮掩的 triumph n 胜利 成功 uncertainty n 不确定 不明确 inside adv 在里面 glow n 不刺眼的光 柔和的光 giant adj 巨人般的 特大的 sum n 算术题 运算 计算 slate n 旧时学童用的书写工具 石板 prop v 支撑 slender adj 细长的 纤细的 vivid adj 指光线或颜色 鲜艳的 鲜明的 fascinate v 使 某人 着迷或极感兴趣 puzzle n 令人费解的事 或人 useless adj 无用的 impolitely adv 不礼貌的 粗鲁的 impulse n 冲动 一时的念头 scribble n 潦草的字迹 乱写或乱画的东西 dazed adj 茫然的 surprised adj 感到惊讶的 感到惊奇的 aware adj 意识到 觉察到 stir v 微微地 动 活动 摇晃 midway adv 在中途 在中间 tension n 精神上的 紧张 不安 grip gripped gripped v 紧抓 紧握 kneel knelt knelt v 跪下 choke v 使 难以呼吸 deliberately adv 不慌不忙地 从容不迫地 故意地 freeze froze frozen v 使 人 呆住不动的 immobile adj 静止的 不能移动的 stillness n 平静 沉默 profound adj 深的 极度的 ticking n 指钟等发出 滴答声 hiss n 嘶嘶声 crackle n 爆裂声 噼啪声 open adj 敞开的 stab n 戳 捅 stiffen v 使变挺 stump n 残余部分 残段 fingernail n 手指甲 pierce v 刺入 刺破 lower lip n 下嘴唇 upper lip 上嘴唇 shaky adj 不稳固的 摇晃的 awkward adj 难看的 不雅观的 uneven adj 不平衡的 参差不齐的 lasting adj 持久的 永久的 written word n 文字 scrawl v 潦草地写 乱写 乱画 乱涂 key n 门路 秘诀 解决问题的 线索 二 课文分析 The Letter A 1 I was now five and still I showed no real sign of intelligence I showed no apparent interest in things except for my toes more especially those on my left foot I used to lie on my back all the time in the kitchen or on bright warm days out in the garden surrounded by a family that loved me and hoped for me and that made me part of it I was lonely imprisoned in a world of my own unable to communicate with others cut off separated from them as though a glass wall stood between my existence and theirs I longed to run about and play with the rest but I was unable to break loose from my imprisonment 我现在已经满五岁了 但是仍然没有表现出有任何智力 除了我的脚趾头 尤其是我左脚 的脚趾头 我对任何事情都没有展示出任何兴趣 我过去常常在厨房里仰躺着 周围围绕 着我的家人 他们很爱我 并且为我祈祷 让我成为家庭的一分子 我当时非常的寂寞 囚禁在我自己的世界当中 也不能跟别人去沟通 与世隔绝 和他们之间有一道屏障 我 非常希望能够跟着他们到处跑 但是我却无法从囚禁当中解脱出来 2 Then suddenly it happened In a moment everything was changed my future life took a definite shape my mother s faith in me rewarded and her secret fear changed into open triumph 然后 奇迹发生了 那一瞬间改变了以后的一切 我未来的生活有了眉目 我母亲对我的 信念得到了回报 她内心深处的忧虑变成公开表露的胜利的喜悦 1 take shape 成形 The organization began to take shape 那个组织开始形成 The plan is beginning to take shape in my mind 这个计划在我脑子里逐渐有了眉目 After months of work the new book is gradually taking shape 经过几个月的努力 这本新书渐渐像个样子了 2 have faith in 对 有信心 I had faith in Lao Zhang I knew he would take care of me 我对老张有信心 我知道他会照顾我 I haven t much faith in this medicine 我对这种药没有多大信心 3 be rewarded 得到回报 The winners were rewarded with gifts of fruit and flowers 优胜者得了水果和鲜花 People should be rewarded for special effort 做出特殊努力的人应得到回报 3 It happened so quickly so simply after all the years of waiting and uncertainty that I can see and feel the whole scene as if it had happened last week It was the afternoon of a cold grey December day It was snowing The streets outside were all covered with snow 经过多年的等待 多年的迷茫 这件事发生得突如其来 也颇为简单 我对当时的情况记 忆犹新 好像一切都是上星期刚发生的一样 当时是一个非常冷的 12 月份的下午 当时 正在下雪 屋外的街道全都覆盖着冰雪 4 Inside all the family were gathered round the big kitchen fire that lit up the little room with a warm glow and made giant shadows dance on the walls and ceiling 在室内 全家人聚集在厨房的大火炉旁 炉火用其暖人的火光照亮了这间小屋 跳动的炉 火还使得那些巨大的影子在墙上和天花板上不断晃动 5 In a corner Mona my sister and Paddy my brother were sitting together They were writing down little sums onto an old slate using a piece of yellow chalk I was close to them propped up by a few pillows against the wall watching 我的姐姐 Mona 和我的哥哥 Paddy 住在厨房的角落里 他们正在把简单的算数题写在旧石 板上 手里用的是一支黄颜色的粉笔 我离他们很近 用几个靠在墙上的枕头支撑着 看 着他们俩人 6 It was the chalk that attracted me so much It was a long slender stick of vivid yellow I had never seen anything like it before and I was fascinated by it as much as if it had been a stick of gold 这个粉笔让我着迷 这个粉笔是一个细细的鲜艳的黄色的长棍 之前我从来都没有见过那 样的东西 而且那支粉笔就像是一条金杖使我着迷 7 Suddenly I wanted desperately to do what my sister was doing Then without thinking or knowing exactly what I was doing I reached out and took the stick of chalk out of my sister s hand with my left foot 突然 我就特别想做我姐姐正在做的事情 然后 既没有想 也不知道我到底要干什么 我脚伸了出去 把那支粉笔从我姐姐的手中夺了过来 用的是我的左脚 8 I do not know why I used my left foot to do this It is a puzzle to many people as well as to myself for although I had shown a curious interest in my toes at an early age I had never attempted before this to use either of my feet in any way They could have been as useless to me as were my hands That day however my left foot reached out and very impolitely took the chalk out of my sister s hand 我不知道为什么用左脚 这件事不但许多人百思不得其解 就是对我自己来说也是个迷 因为我虽然很早就对我的脚趾十分的好奇 可是在这之前 我从来也没有试图去用我的双 脚做任何事 脚对我来说完全可能和我的手一样没有用处 然而那天 我却把脚伸出去了 而且非常不礼貌的把粉笔从姐姐手中拿下来 9 I held it tightly between my toes and acting on an impulse made a wild sort of scribble with it on the slate Next moment I stopped a bit dazed surprised looking down at the stick of yellow chalk stuck between my toes not knowing what to do with it next hardly knowing how it got there Then I looked up and became aware that everyone had stopped talking and was staring at me silently Nobody stirred 我的脚趾紧紧夹住那支粉笔 然后凭着一时的冲动 用它在石板上使劲地乱画了一下 紧 接着 我停了下一来 我有点茫然 感到惊讶 低头看着紧夹在脚趾之间的那支黄粉笔 不知道下一步该怎么办 似乎也不明白 那粉笔是怎么跑到我的脚趾之间去的 然后我抬 起头来 意识到大家都不再说话 都在静悄悄地使劲盯着我 一动也不动 10 My mother came in She stopped midway between the table and the fire feeling the tension flowing through the room She followed their stare and saw me in the corner Her eyes looked from my face down to my foot with the chalk gripped between my toes 我妈妈走进来 她在火和桌子之间停了下来 因为她感觉到了屋里的气氛很紧张 她顺着 他们的目光看去 最后看到了坐在角落里的我 她的双目从我的脸 一直往下看到我的脚 此时脚趾还夹着那支粉笔 11 Then she crossed over to me and knelt down beside me as she had done so many times before 然后她穿过房间 在我旁边坐下来就像她 以 前坐过很多次那样 12 I ll show you what to do with it Chris she said very slowly and in a queer choked way 我来教你用这玩意儿干什么 克里斯 她缓慢地说 声音有些反常 喉咙哽咽 13 Taking another piece of chalk from Mona she hesitated then very deliberately drew on the floor in front of me the single letter A 从莫娜那里拿起另一支粉笔 她犹豫片刻 然后有意一笔一顿地 在我面前的地板上画了 那一个字母 A 14 Copy that she said looking steadily at me Copy it Christy 照着我的再抄一遍 妈妈非常坚定的望着我 15 I couldn t 我不能 16 I looked around at the faces that were turned towards me tense excited faces that were at that moment frozen immobile eager waiting for a miracle 我环顾了都转向我的那一张张的脸 那一张张紧张而又兴奋的脸 在那个时刻 都愣住了 一动不动 殷切地期盼着 等待奇迹的发生 17 The stillness was profound I could hear the sound of the water tap dripping the loud ticking of the clock and the soft hiss and crackle of the logs on the open fire 当时非常非常安静 我都能听见水龙头细细滴水的声音 那座钟滴答的 响着 还有火中 劈柴烧起来的 嘶嘶 声和噼啪声 18 I tried again I put out my foot and made a wild stab with the chalk which produced a very crooked line and nothing more Mother held the slate steady for me 我又试了一次 我把脚伸出去 用粉笔胡乱戳了一下 结果只弄出一条歪歪扭扭的线 别 的什么也没有 妈妈抓住石板让它稳固一些 19 Try again Chris she whispered in my ear Again 再试一下 克里斯 她在我耳边小声的说 再试一次 20 I did I stiffened my body and put my left foot out again for the third time Then the stick of chalk broke and I was left with a stump I wanted to throw it away and give up Then I felt my mother s hand on my shoulder I tried once more Out went my foot I shook I sweated and tried my best My hands were so tightly clenched that my fingernails bit into the flesh I set my teeth so hard that I nearly pierced my lower lip But I drew it the letter A There it was on the slate before me Shaky with awkward sides and a very uneven center line But it was the litter A I looked up I saw my mother s face for a moment tears on her cheeks Then my father stooped and put me onto his shoulder 我这样做了 我弄直我的身体伸出我的左脚 我先写这个字母的第一面 然后把另外一面 写完 然后我用的这截粉笔就断了 我特别想把这只粉笔扔到一边 并且放弃 我感觉 到妈妈放在我肩膀的手 我又试了一次 我全身抖着 尽全力去写 A 我的两只手攥得 太紧 指甲都扎进肉里去了 我咬紧牙关 由于咬得太紧 几乎把下唇咬穿 但是我把它 画出来了 那个字母 A 它就在我面前的石板上 左右两个边都很蹩脚 中间的那一横 也不直 整下字母歪歪扭扭 不过确确实实是字母 A 我抬起头来 有一会儿 我看着 我母亲的脸 她流下了眼泪 然后我爸爸弯下腰来 把我放到肩膀上 21 I had done it It had started the thing that was to give my mind its chance of expressing itself True I couldn t speak with my lips But now I would speak through something more lasting than spoken words written words 我成功了 让我有机会表达思想的那个东西终于开始工作了 的确 我不能用的我双唇说 话 但是现在我将通过文字 这种比口头表达更为持久的形式说话了 22 That one letter scrawled on the slate with a broken bit of yellow chalk gripped between my toes was my road to a new world my key to mental freedom 用脚趾夹着那点黄色粉笔在地板上潦草写出的那个字母 是我通往崭新世界的大道 是打 开精神自由之门的钥匙 三 语法与练习 一 常用短语 long to do 渴望做 look forward to doing 渴望做 play with 与 玩 玩 be unable to do 不能做 break loose from 从 挣脱出来 take shape 定型 成形 be covered with 被 覆盖着 light up 照亮 show an interest in 对 表现出兴趣 reach out 手 脚等 伸出 do sth on an impulse 一时冲动 look up 抬起头来 往上看 kneel down 跪下 whisper in one s ear 对某人耳语 road to 通往 的道路 方法 as much as if 就像 一样 They love the child as much as if he were their own child show sb what how etc to do 向某人示范做什么或怎样做 She showed the crippled how to use their left hands They showed the villagers what to do with the new machine 二 词汇练习 1 Form words according to the following rules of word formation 名词 less 无 没有 形容词如 careless 粗心的 worthless 没用的 useless 无用的 meaningless 无意义的 endless 无穷尽的 mid 在中间 名词 名词 形容词 副词如 midwinter 仲冬 midday 正午 midterm 期中 的 midway 居中 的 中途 的 1 Add less to the following words to make the meanings negative making changes in spelling wherever necessary colourless harmless restless homeless hopeless 2 Add mid to the following words to form new words making changes in spelling wherever necessary midnight midstream midsummer midweek midland 三 虚拟语气练习题 1 Today would we be able to get there by Tuesday A Were we leaving B If we leave C Would we leave D Were we to leave 答案 D 2 If John tomorrow what would you do A were not to come B will not come C would not come D had not come 答案 A 3 They took the injured straight to the hospital Otherwise some of them A might have died B might die C would die D could die 答案 A 4 If he drunk he wouldn t have lost control of the car A wasn t B weren t C hasn t been D hadn t been 答案 D 5 Can this be a real diamond It cost 10 I don t think so If it a real diamond it would not cost that A be B was C were D is 答案 C 6 I would have gone to the concert if Itime A had had B have had C had D would have had 答案 A 7 I known it I would have told you A Have B If C Had D Having 答案 C 8 your help I would not have succeeded A Because B Because of C But D But for 答案 D 9 to tell us everything we could try to solve his problem A If he is B Were he C Had he D Be he 答案 B 10 Who should go to see Li Ying He is ill today I suggest Wang Hong A goes B would go C go D went 答案 C 11 The housemaster was strict He requested that wetelevision on week nights A not watch B must not to watch C not be watching D have not watched 答案 A 12 I can t speak Japanese but I do wish I A can B could C had D spoke 答案 B 13 Are you enjoying your stay here Yes very much I wish Ihave to leave so soon A won t B don t C mustn t D didn t 答案 D 14 What will you do during the summer holidays I don t know but it s about timeon something A I m deciding B I ll decide C I decided D I d decided 答案 C 15 I d rather youanything about it for the time being A say B didn t say C don t say D not say 答案 B 16 Why do you have to be there at six The teacher demands that everyonein his seat at six A would be B can be C be D will be 答案 C 17 What are the qualifications of a good teacher It is essential that hestrict with his students A be B will be C can be D could be 答案 A 18 He makes a note of the assignment lest heit A forgets B forget C will forget D will not forget 答案 B 19 How does the librarian act He acts as if hea walking dictionary A were B be C is D has been 答案 A 20 There is a law that drunken driverseverely punished A were B are C be D will be 答案 C 21 Henry talks to his dog as if ithim A understands B understood C understand D would understand 答案 B 22 It is highly desirable that every effortto reduce pollution in Beijing A was made B be made C will be made D would be made 答案 B 23 The manager would rather that his wifework in the same office as he does A does not B did not C would not D will not 答案 B 24 The teacher insisted that we allback by two o clock A be B to be C would be D shall be 答案 A 25 I didn t go to the football match but I do wish Ithere A went B was C were D had been 答案 D Lesson16 第二学时 一 回答课文问题 注意 下面列出的题目必须能做到熟练并准确地写出画线部分 划红线的句子尤其应该重 点记忆 第 4 题 One day when the family gathered in the kitchen Christy was fascinated by a piece of yellow chalk And he reached out and took the chalk out of his sister s hand with his left foot 有一天 大家围坐在厨房里 让 Christy 着迷的是那段黄色的粉笔 然后他用左脚把这黄 色的粉笔从她姐姐手中拿了下来 第 12 题 The letter A was so important for Christy because it opened a way to express himself and to communicate with others It was his road to a new world his key to mental freedom letter A 对他非常重要 因为这打开一扇门 可以使 Christy 能表达自我 并且和其他 人进行交流 这是他通向新世界的窗口也是他精神上得到自由的一把钥匙 Written work Translate the following passage into English 克里斯蒂 布朗出生时是难产 Christy Brown s birth was a difficult one 他有不少的缺陷 He had many defects 5 岁时 他还不会说话 别人的话他好像也听不懂 At five he could not speak nor did he seem to understand other people s words 没有东西支撑 他不能坐立 更谈不上走路了 He couldn t sit up without support let alone walk 医生都说他智残 无法治愈 Doctors said that he was mentally defective and beyond cure 他母亲坚信他身残 但智不残 她决心像对其他子女一样对待克里斯蒂 His mother firmly believed that though his body was crippled his mind was not She decided to treat him the same as other children 怀着这一信念 她着手教他东西和动物的名称 With this belief in mind She set out to teach him the names for things and animals 但是在很长一段时间里 他还是没有显示出有什么智力 But for a long time he didn t show a sign of intelligence 尽管全家人都很爱他 他还是感到孤独 因为他无法与他们交流 Although his family loved him he was lonely because he couldn t communicate with them 有一天 在看他姐姐用粉笔在石板上写东西时 他特别想跟他姐姐一样写点什么 One day when he saw his sister writing something on a slate with a piece of chalk he wanted very much to write 突然他用左脚把粉笔从她手中夺了过来 可是一时又不知道该用它干什么 Suddenly he took the chalk out of his sister s hand with his left food But for a moment he didn t know what to do with it 这时他母亲走了过来 向他示范如何用粉笔画出字母 A Just then his mother came up and showed him how to draw letter A with it 他使出全身的力气终于弄出了一个歪歪扭扭的 A He tried his best to draw a crooked letter A 这个 A 看起来很别扭 但是将把他带进一个崭新的世界 一个精神自由的世界 It looked awkward but it led him to a new world a world of mental freedom Vocabulary Exercises 1 Add less to the following words to make the meanings negative making changes in spelling wherever necessary 1 colour 色彩 colourless 没有色彩的 2 harm 有害的 harmless 无害的 3 rest restless 坐立不安的 4 home homeless 无家可归的 5 hope hopeless 无望的 2 Add mid to the following words to form new words making changes in spelling wherever necessary 1 night midnight 半夜 2 stream midstream 河中央 3 summer midsummer 仲夏 4 week midweek 一周中间 5 land midland 土地中央 2 Tranlate the following sentences into English 1 那些残疾人渴望为社团做出自己的贡献 残疾人有两种说法 The cripples 或者 the handicapped people The handicapped people long to make contribution to the society 2 我的小弟弟只想和比他大的孩子玩 My younger brother only wants to play with old children 3 早在大学时期 在家乡建一座造纸厂的计划 就开始在他的脑子里形成了 Back at college a plan to build a paper factory began to take shape in his mind 4 五彩缤纷的焰火 fireworks 照亮了夜空 The colorful fireworks lit up the night sky 5 我买东西的时候 一个年轻人突然伸手抢走了我的钱包 When I was shopping a young man reached out and snatched my wallet purse 6 很小的时候他就对诗歌表现了浓厚的兴趣 He showed a great interest in poetry at an early age 7 他一时冲动打了儿子一下 后来感到很后悔 He hit his son on an impulse and felt sorry for what he had done 8 我不喜欢她对别人耳语的那种样子 I don t like the way that she whispers in people s ears 9 他的成功之路就是在困难面前永不放弃努力 His road to success is never giving up when he was faced with the difficulties 10 他认为幸福婚姻的秘诀是理解 相互尊重 忠诚和原谅 He thinks that the secret to happy marriage is understanding mutual respect loyalty and forgiving 11 他跑起来快得就好像身后有只可怕的老虎紧跟着一样 He ran as fast as if a tiger was closely following him 12 当克里斯蒂终于画出了那个字母 A 的时候 他的母亲感到她的努力得到了回报 When Christy finally managed to draw the letter A his mother felt her efforts were rewarded 3 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in lists below manage to do 做成某事 try to do 设法做某事 1 I tried to contact her but failed 2 The wounded soldier managed to rise to his feet and moved slowly towards the village 3 I tried to explain it to him in simple English but he didn t seem to understand a word used to do 过去常常做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 4 He used to do smoke but doesn t any more 5 This old farmer has spent most of his life in the countryside He is not used to living in big cities like Shanghai 6 I used to get up at 5 when I was in the army Now having been out of the service for ten years I am used to don t think I that sort of life any more be born 出生于 give birth to 生于 7 She put on a lot of weight after giving birth to two children 8 He was born on a stormy night in a small village wish wish to do 非常想做某事 wish 虚拟语气的宾语从句 wish sb sth 表祝愿 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 hope hope to do 希望做某事 hope that 宾语从句 hope for sth 希望 期待 hope for sb 但愿某人好起来 9 I wish you every success in your final exam 10 I hope you ll come to see me during the summer vace tion 11 I wish I were twenty years younger 12 I ll come if you really wish me to 4 Put the correct words from the list below in the blanks privategovernmentstartearnstate forexpensivework receivefinish In the United States boys and girls 1 start school when they are five years old In a few states they must stay in school until they are sixteen Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they 2 finish high school Most children go to public elementary and secondary schools Parents whose children go to public schools do not have to pay 3 for their children s education because these are funded 提供资金 by the 4 government If a child goes to a 5 private school his parents have to pay Today about half of high school graduates go on to college or university A number of colleges and universities 6 receive money from the government A student at a 7 state university does not have to pay very much if his parents live in that state Private colleges and universities are 8 expensive however Almost half of the college students in the United State 9 work while studying If a student s family is not rich he or she has to 10 earn money to cover