PETS定语从句小结及练习

1 定语从句小结及练习定语从句小结及练习 一 定语定语是限定修饰名词或代词的 二 可以作定语的可以作定语的除形容词外 还有名词 代词 数词 冠词 介词短语或相当于形容词 的词或短语等 1 a white wall 冠词 形容词 2 our classroom 代词 3 five boys 数词 4 a boy school 名词 注意 特殊 man woman 这两个名词作定语时 单复数要随后面的名词而定 a man doctor two men doctors a woman scientist three women scientists There are women police officers women doctors teachers engineers farmers and so on 5 The man in the tree came down 介词短语 6 I have something to tell you 不定式 7 a running machine 现在分词 8 a polluted river 过去分词 9 a reading room 动名词 10 定语从句定语从句 在复合句中 限定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 A plane is a machine that can fly which 先行词 关系代词 作主语 不能省 定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词 引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 和关系副词 when where why 关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间 起联系作用 同时又作定语从 句的一个成分 区别 The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody The fact that we talked about is very important 介词 一一 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 1 1 that 主要指物 有时也指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作主语不能省 作宾语可 以省 1 The noodles that 或 which were on the table were delicious 先行词 物 关系代词 主语 指物 不能省 2 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there 主语 指人 不能省 注意 在 who 引导的疑问句中为了音调和谐和避免重复 后用 that 3 That is the best hotel that I know 宾语 指物 只能用 that 见 P5 2 2 which 只能指物 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 作主语不能省 作宾语可以省 1 A chemist s shop is a shop which 或 that sells medicine 主语 2 The film which 或 that we saw last night is wonderful 宾语 3 who whom whose 指人 在从句中分别作主语 宾语或定语 whom 作宾语 可以省 1 The boy who broke the window is called Tom 主语 2 The girl whom we saw yesterday is Jim s sister 宾语 3 Wei Fang is the student whose house caught fire last week 定语 4 I live in a room whose 指物 特殊 window opens to the south 定 语 二二 介词介词 关系代词关系代词 物 which 介词介词 关系代词关系代词 介词的选择要根据定语从句中有关动词的固定搭配 人 whom 先行词 1 The pencil with which he was writing broke 先行词 物 介词 关系代词 2 The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager whom I told 先行词 人 介词 关系代词 先行词 人 关代 宾 省 you about 3 Wu Dong with whom I went to the concert enjoyed it very much 4 The old Olympic Games from which the modern games came began around the year 776 BC in Greece 练习 1 Last spring we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world 2 Where is the shirt you paid 20 US 3 China has hundreds of islands the largest is Taiwan 如果将 改为 则填 4 She had a son and two daughters all served in the each army 如果将 改为 则填 5 Can you name the provinces the Yangtze River flows 6 They were held in Greece the country the Games were born 7 The apples half have gone bad are in a basket 学习短语介词短语介词 关系代词关系代词 引导的定语从句 1 He works in a middle school In front of it there is a river 合并 He works in a middle school in front of which there is a river 2 The soldier ran to the building On the top of it flew a flag 合并 3 3 In the evening they arrived at a hill At the foot of the hill there was a temple 合并 三 关系副词的用法三 关系副词的用法 1 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 先行词通常是表时间的名词 1 I still remember the day I first came to Beijing on that day 主 谓 宾 主 谓 宾 时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 先行词 时间 关系副词 作时状 2 I ll never forget the day when I joined the PLA 3 Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed diamond necklace 4 The date when Lincoln was born was 1860 5 Do you know the date when Lincoln died became President 6 This is the time when you have an English lesson 注意 注意 1 October 1 1998 was the day that which I ll never forget vt 先行词 时间 关系代词 宾 省 2 I ll never forget the days that which I spent vt in Beijing 在以上两句中 尽管先行词是表时间的名词 但它在定语从句中作宾语 所以不能用 when 而要用 that which 且可以省略 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 先行词通常是表地点的名词 1 This is the company My father worked there 3 years ago 主 系 表 主 谓 地点状语 时间状语 This is the company where my father worked 3 years ago 先行词 地点 关系副词 作地状 2 This is the house I lived in the house 2 years ago This is the house where I lived 2 years ago 3 合并 The factory is in the west of the city His father works there The factory where his father works is in the west of the city 4 This is the theatre where Lincoln was shot 5 This is the seat where Li Ming sits 6 He went to Canada where he wrote about music for a newspaper 7 This is the room that which we lived in 先行词 物 关系代词 介词 in which we lived 先行词 物 介词 关系代词 where we lived 先行词 地点 关系副词 作地状 注意 注意 1 This is the place which that they used to visit vt where 错 4 2 Tianjin is the place where I spent my childhood that which 错 3 Hunger 饥饿 was only one of the problems in the African countries that which he visited vt 4 It must be a place that which its enemy cannot find vt where in which 错 5 The house which that you are looking for is at the other end of where 错 the street 6 He lives in Deliville which is only about an hour s ride from here 7 The potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice 如果把 in places 括起来 where 引导什么从句 8 Well many people travel because they want to see other countries and visit places that 或 which are famous interesting or beautiful 9 I walked into the room where three people were waiting to interview 面试 me 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 1 The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low 2 What was the reason why Malcolm studied law 3 Yet there are other reasons why people travel 4 I d like to know the reason why you changed the plan 或 why you are late 5 The reason why Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam 6 Do you know the reason why she is crying 定语从句 先行词 原因 关系副词 for which she is crying 定语从句 先行词 原因 介词 关系代词 for her crying 介短作后置定语 简单句 for his coming late 介短作后定 简单句 四 非限制性定语从句四 非限制性定语从句 对所修饰的词没有限制词义的作用 而只是补充一些说明 通常都有一个逗号把它 和句子的其他部分分开 在译成中文时 这个从句多译成一个并列句 限制性定语 从句拿掉以后 句子意思发生变化 甚至不能成立 而非限制性定语从句拿掉以后 对剩下的部分没有太大影响 注意 注意 非限制性定语从句 在修饰物时 只能用 which 不能用 that 作宾语的关系代词不可以省略 1 She sang a new song which we like very much 先行词 物 关系代词 只能用 which 作宾语不可省 2 His mother whom he loved dearly died in 1818 先行词 人 关系代词 作宾语不可省 3 The book which has 110 000 characters 汉字 is about both farming and gardening 4 His brother who is 18 years old is a PLA man 5 His brother who is 18 years old is a PLA man 5 All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him All the books there that 或 which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him 6 She looked at Jeff who was waving his arms 7 Dinner starts with a small dish which is often called a starter 正餐以一道小菜开始 这道菜常称为开胃菜 8 Tree after tree went down cut down by the water which must have been three meters deep 9 After graduating she went to New York where she started working as an actress and won the Theater World Award 戏剧世界奖 for her role in a play 10 Vitamins which we can get from eating vegetables fruit fish and drinking milk help our body fight disease 我们可以吃蔬菜 水果 鱼及喝牛奶 从中吸取各种维它命 它们能帮助机体战胜 疾病 五 一般只能用 五 一般只能用 that 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1 先行词前有形容词最高级或有 the first the last 修饰时 1 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have eve seen 2 He was the first man that came 2 先行词与 the only the very any no 等连用时 1 Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe 2 You can take any book that you like best 3 Mr Smith is the very person that can help us 注意注意 very 用作形容词时 常与 the this that my 等连用 恰好 正是 This is the very book that I wanted 这正是我要的书 You are the very person that I m looking for But Dr Lively is going to talk on that very subject today He took it from me under my very nose 他竟然当着我的面把这个拿走 3 先行词本身为 all everything nothing anything much few little 等不定代 词时 只有 something 除外 PETS P153 4 1 He wrote down everything that he didn t understand 2 She did all she could to help him the thing 3 We will not let our history and culture be destroyed and we will do everything we can to save our city 4 I did what I could to calm her the thing that 5 Now the leader has asked a group of students to do what they can to 6 save the earth 4 先行词既包含人又包含物时 They talked about the people and things that they saw on their way to school 5 有时在 who 的后面 为了音调和谐和避免与 who 重复 Who is the man that is sitting by the window 6 在定语从句中作表语时用 that He isn t the man that he used to be 六六 as 作为关系代词 作为关系代词 引导的非限制性或限制性定语从句 A as 作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 一定有一个逗号 此时 as 的先行词不是 一个名词 而是代表整个主句的意思 先译主句 然后说 这一点 1 This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see 这头大象像条蛇 这一点任何人都能看到 此句中的 as anybody can see 是一个由关系代词 as 引导的非限制性定语从句 as 在定语从句中作 see 的宾语 as 的先行词不是一个名词 而是主句所表达的整 个内容 又如 2 He is good at math as we all know 3 As we know now heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back 4 As we have seen oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth 5 Air is a gas as we all know As we all know air is a gas Air as we all know is a gas 类似的表达法还有 as you know as is known to all as you see as can be seen as has been pointed out as is natural as is often the case 情况常是如此 as often happens 这情况常发生 as might be expected 这是可能预料的 1 is well known Lu Xun was a Chinese writer 2 The number of the people we had expected was well over 30 000 3 was natural we jumped for joy at the good news was natural that we jumped for joy at the good news 4 is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month 高考题 A It B As C That D What 注意 注意 用 which 引导时 与 as 的 共同点 都是关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 他们的先行词都不是一个名词 而是整个主句的意思 译成汉语时 译成 这一点 区别是 which 引导的从句不在句首 内含因果关系 见 PETS13 单元同步训练完形第 30 题 1 They are hollow which makes them very light 竹子是中空的 这一点使得它们非常轻 7 2 It rained heavily which prevented my going out 3 The clock struck thirteen which made everybody laugh 4 When they are burnt new gases are formed which causes the temperature of the air around the entire earth to rise 5 Carol said the work would be done by October personally I doubt very much 高考题 A it B that C when D which 6 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play of course made the others unhappy 高考题 A who B which C this D what 7 He came early was often the case 他经常早到 8 The sun heats the earth is very important to living things 9 we know water is a compound 化合物 of oxygen and hydrogen k mpa nd ks d n ha dr d n 氢 B as 作为关系代词 引导的限制性定语从句作为关系代词 引导的限制性定语从句 the same 名词 as 公式 先行词 关系代词 such 名词 as 先行词 关系代词 as 在定语从句中作主语 宾语或表语 as 的汉语意思随先行词 注意 the same 名词 as 或 such 名词 as 指 同一类 区别于 the same 名词 that 指 同一个 1 I have the same idea as you 我和你观点一致 可赞成的理由不一定完全一模一样 2 They used the same type of machines as we did 他们和我们使用同一类型的机器 3 That is the same knife as I lost 那把小刀跟我丢掉的一式一样 同一类 区别 That is the same knife that I lost 那把小刀就是我丢掉的 同一把 4 I use the same dictionary as he does that he does 5 You have the same brown eyes as your father has 你有一双和你父亲一样的褐色眼睛 同一类 区别 She was wearing the same blouse and skirt that she had on when we saw her the other day 她仍穿着那天我们看见她时穿的那套罩衫和裙子 6 We want the same rights as the white people in the city 7 Nobody has such beautiful antlers 鹿角 as I have 8 We have found such materials as are used in their factory 我们找到了他们厂里用的那种材料 9 We want such materials as can stand high temperature 10 We have got such an instrument 仪器 as you are using 11 Shanghai is city everyone likes to visit A such a large beautiful that B such a large beautiful as 8 key B as 作 visit 的宾语 若选 A such that 引导结果状语从句 后面必须用 visit it 七 含有定语从句的句子如何译成英语七 含有定语从句的句子如何译成英语 1 这是一家 出售儿童服装的 商店 This is a store that which sells children s clothing 2 我们昨天看的 电影很动人 The film that 或 which we saw yesterday is very moving 八 另外值得注意的几个问题八 另外值得注意的几个问题 1 Is this museum I used to visit A that B which C where D the one that 此题答案为 如果在 museum 前加定冠词 the 则 对 2 当先行词是 way 修饰 way 的定语从句可用 in which 引导 也可以用 that 代替 in which 也可以把 in which 或 that 省略 作主语只能用 that 不能用 I which 1 The way in which that these people look at problem is wrong 这些人们看问题的方法不对 2 In the past people paid little attention to differences between the two ways in which boys and girl were treated 在过去 人们很少注意到男 孩与女孩所受待遇的差异 3 A You are from Australia aren t you B Yes I am How did you guess A The way you speak 4 He had to find ways that would make it possible for him to speak read and write 主语 只能用 that 5 My next show will have a part in which I act the role of a scientist the way that a scientist walks and talks 我在下一场演出中有个角色 我要扮演一个科学家 模仿科学家走路和谈话得样子 3 当先行词是 the last time 或 the first time 时 应用 that 引导定语从句 不能用 when that 常可省略 PETS P26 9 P97 5 1 Children he said this is the last time that I shall give you a lesson 2 This is the first time that I had serious trouble with my boss 这是我第一次和老板发生麻烦 3 She understood what I was talking about even though it was the first time we had spoken together 4 I didn t have a penny the last time I saw you 9 初中定语从句练习初中定语从句练习题题一一 一 单项选择 1 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it C that you bought it D which you bought it 2 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A he B who C which D whom 3 The girl is reading under the tree my sister A which is B whom was C who is D who was 4 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who s B whose C that D of which 5 Anyone with what I said may put up your hands A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 6 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 7 The world is made up of matter A in that we live B on which we live C where we live in D we live in 8 I love places the people are really friendly A that B which C where D who 9 My watch is not the only thing is missing A that B it C which D who 10 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 二 用适当的关系代词 that which who whom 填空 1 The house we live in is very old 2 The family had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends 3 Didn t you see the man I talked with just now 4 The first thing you must do is to have a meal 5 April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west 10 初中定语从句练习题二初中定语从句练习题二 单项选择 1 Is some German friends visited last week A this school B this the school C this school one D this school where 2 You can depend on whatever promise he makes A B why C when D whose 3 The number of the people who cars increasing A owns are B owns is C own is D own are 4 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing A which B that C whom D who 5 Do you know the man A whom I spoke B to who spoke C I spoke to D that I spoke 6 I lost a book I can t remember now A whose title B its title C the title of it D the title of that 7 Is there anyone in your class family is in the country A who B who s C which D whose 8 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded A which B that C when D on which 9 I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers has a great effect on my life A when who B that which C which that D when which 10 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together A when which B which when C what that D on which when 11 That is the day I ll never forget A which B on which C in which D when 12 During the days he worked as a servant at the Browns A followed B following C to follow D that followed 13 This is the hotel last month A which they stayed B at that they stayed C where they stayed at D where they stayed 14 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working A where B that C which D there 15 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace A which B where C what D in which 11 16 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here A where B to which C which D in which 17 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting A in which B with which C that D for which 18 The reason he didn t come was he was ill A why that B that why C for that that D for which what 19 This machine for many years is still working perfectly A after which I have looked B which I have looked after C that I have looked after D I have looked after 20 Smoking is a bad habit is however popular A that B which C it D though 21 This is one of the best films A that have been shown this year B that have shown C that has been shown this year D that you talked 22 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn A that B C which D it 23 You re the only person I ve ever met could do it A who B whom C whom D who 24 I m interested in you have said A all that B all what C that D which 25 Did you ask the guard happened Yes he told me all he knew A what that B what what C which which D that that 26 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school A which B that C whom D what 27 Can you lend me the book the other day A about which you talked B which you talked C about that you talked D that you talked 28 The pen he is writing is mine A with which B in which C on which D by which 29 They arrived at a farm house in front of sat a small boy A whom B who C which D that 30 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world A for which B for that C in which D what 31 This is the magazine I copied the paragraph A that B which C from that D from which 32 I have two grammars are of great use A all of which B either of which C both of that D both of which 33 The c