2011年10月自考英语考前复习要点69130

部分复习要点部分复习要点 UNITUNIT 1 1 word study objective accompany argue define objective a 客观的 真实的 如实的 无偏见的 We have to accept the objective reality as it is 我们必须接受客观事实 The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement 文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚 n 目标 目的 People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five Year Plan 人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作 My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam 我目前的目标是通过口试 accompany vt vi 1 伴随 陪同 2 为 伴奏 The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil 演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏 The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog 这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴 All orders must be accompanied with cash 所有的订货单必须随附现金 argue vt vi 争辩 争论 辩论 作不及物动词用时 后边可以接 with about 或 over for 赞成 或 against 反对 She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues 她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论 He often argues philosophy with James 他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学 He argued for immediate action 他主张立即行动 They argued against such a policy 他们反对这种政策 vt 1 说服 2 用辩论说服 argue into out of doing sth 说服某人做 不做 某事 I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey 我说服他不做这样危险的旅行 He argued that man was descended from apes 他论证人类的祖先是猿 define vt 1 解释 给 下定义 2 限定 规定 Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force 功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积 He has defined his position on the issues 他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场 常考句型 1 决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择 P1 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available 2 管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测 尽量不存侥幸 P2 Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance 3 如果没有选择 就无决策可言 P3 If there is no choice there is no decision to be made 4 对于管理者而言 每次决策都受到政策 程序 法律 惯例等待因素的制约 P3 For managers every decision has constraints based on policies procedures laws precedents and the like 5 例如 管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题 P4 For example managers sometimes treat problems in an either or fashion 6 决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的 哪一个对组织目标的实现 起作用最大 P6 Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best that is which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals 7 就更大的系统来说 增加研究经费以便改进产品 对该组织更有益 P6 In the larger scheme of things however increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization 8 有些目标比另一些目标更重要 但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异 P7 Some of these objectives are more important than others but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department 习题 1 单词英译汉 goal objective accomplish predict accompany implement tendency achievement argue budget define entity 2 词组英译汉 in the way in part point of view contribute to to apply for in hand to turn down 3 句子英译汉 与常考句型相同 4 Text A 汉译英 决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测 Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be 有人认为经理 们所作的一切均与决策有关 Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision 没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定 If there is no proper choice there is no proper decision 不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法 所以解决的办法也不同 Different people have different ideas about the same problem their solutions to the problem are therefore also different 决策 者往往是公司业务发展的关键 Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company Decision makers are usually key people who determine the company s business development 4 历年试题 1 Almost everything a manager does involve decisions indeed some suggest that the management process is decision making 99 4 答案是 involves 考点 involve 为谓语动词 应该用一般现在时 2 If there is no choice there is no decision make 99 4 答案是 to be made 考点 to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰 decision 3 If you are now your thirties you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60 99 4 A in B at C between D among 答案是 A 4 Almost everything a manager does decisions indeed some suggest that the management process is decision making 00 4 A imposes B improvise C involves D indicates 答案为 C 5 When present with a common case sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems 答案为 presented 考点 present 是过去分词作状语 6 An organization is a group of people and a decision make today may have consequences far into the future 答案是 made 考点 make 是过去分词作定语 修饰 decision 7 汉译英 通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测 答案 Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be 1 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标 答 The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals 2 决策过程对经营管理至关重要 答 The decision making process is fundamental to business management 3 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关 答 Almost everything a manager does involves decision making 4 虽然我们不能预见未来 但应当尽量减少偶然性发生 答 Although we cannot predict the future we must try t leave as little as possible to chance 5 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同 答 Different manager define the same problem in different terms UNITUNIT 2 2 1 word study exert collapse lauch operate exert vt 尽 力 发挥 威力等 施加 压力等 产生 影响等 行使 职权等 He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标 He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind 他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意 These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution 这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响 collapse n 1 倒塌 崩溃 瓦解 2 健康等 垮掉 因精疲力竭等原因 倒下 The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter 暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了 He suffered from a nervous collapse 他的精神崩溃了 The collapse of the government left the country in confusion 政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中 vi 倒塌 崩溃 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow 屋顶被雪压塌了 The negotiations collapsed after several meetings 会谈了几次之后 谈判破裂了 In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment 在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了 lauch vt 1 发射 投射 2 使 船 下水 The satellite was launched in a rocket 这颗卫星是由火箭发射的 The hunter launched a spear at the wolf 猎人把矛向狼掷去 A new ship has been successfully launched 一条新船已成功地下水 vt vi 发动 发起 运动等 launch out into 开始 着手进行 Our army launched an attack on the enemy 我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻 The police launched an investigation into the case 警察对此案开展了调查 The research group launched out into a series of new experiment 研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验 operate vi 1 运转 起作用 2 动手术 on upon The elevator operates smoothly 电梯运行顺利 The medicine gradually operated 药物逐渐奏效了 The doctor operated on the neck of the patient 医生给病人的颈部动手术 vt 1 操作 操纵 经营 2 对 动手术 This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines 这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线 Do you know how to operate the machine 你知道怎么开这台机器吗 The doctor operated the patient on the neck 医生给病人的颈部动手术 He was operated on for lung cancer 他因肺癌动了手术 2 常考句型 1 天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区 物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱 P1 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape 2 理论上是这样的 当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸 P2 The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point 3 有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星 P2 Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova 4 假定一个人掉进黑洞 他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心 P3 If a man fell into a black hole he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly 5 只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞 P3 It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes 6 另一方面 科学家们也在设想 由于有非常先进的技术 人们也许能在将来利 用黑洞为人类服务 P5 On the other hand scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind 3 习题 Unit 2 练习 1 词汇英译汉 escape explode collapse shrink gravity measurement basis launch convincing companion speculation swallow operate to make use of a great many above all 2 句子英译汉 1 6 与常考句型相 同 7 There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate 8 They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time 3 句子汉译英 黑洞是什么 天文学家还没 有完全解决这个问题 Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is 据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体 如星星吞食掉 It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them such as stars 对黑洞的研究刚刚开始 各种各样的假说层出不穷 The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless 科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么 Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole 如果我们认识了黑洞 黑洞就不那么可怕 了 If we understood black holes they would not be so fearful Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them 单元课后练习 Word Spelling 1 密度 n density 2 使 倒塌 使 崩溃 v collapse 3 边界线 边界 n boundary 4 永恒的 经久不变的 a c 5 基础 根据 n b 6 发射 发动 v l 7 双胞胎之一 a t 8 同伴 同事 n c 9 人类 n m 10 推测 猜测 n s 11 吞 v s 12 不充分的 a i 13 物质 n m 14 情况 环境 a c 15 发生 出现 v o 16 强烈的 a i 17 证据 n e 18 看不见的 a i 19 宇航员 n a 20 热带的 a t Word Form 1 Supernovae report by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 2 Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble but still have the same mass and you have some idea of the force of a black hole 3 If one make a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges plains and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow 4 And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believe to be black holes 5 Matter from the one which we can see pull towards the companion star 6 There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy swallow up stars at a very rapid rate 7 The most convince evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems 8 They show us a world which operates in a total different way from our own 9 The surface of some areas consist largely of high mountains and deep valleys 10 Our world is the home of a very great many different people peoples with different colour skins Vocabulary and Structure 1 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing which matter has fallen and which nothing can escape not even light A into into B into from C from into D from from 2 This process of shrinking may be so intense a black hole results A whether B what C which D that 3 Binary stars their name suggests are twin stars whose position in space affects each other A as B that C what D if 4 In some binary systems astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star a partner to which we can see in the sky A the one B that C the ones D those 5 On the other hand scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day the energy of black holes for mankind A make fun of B make sure of C make use of D make sense of 6 Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too which might have black holes as A companies B comparisons C compounds D companions 7 The earth is one of nine planets which move in round the sun A track B orbit C tour D route 8 In August 1977 a satellite was to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way A posted B delivered C launched D transmitted 9 The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are here A inadequate B invisible C intense D individual 10 We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary But matter must behave very differently inside the hole A in addition B in person C in detail D in theory C E Translation 1 这个收缩的过程如此强烈 以 至于黑洞产生了 2 直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞 3 但是从理论上说 物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同 4 黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究 5 有一天也许人类也会遭此命运 单元自测答案 Unit 2 Word Spelling 1 density 2 collapse 3 boundary 4 constant 5 basis 6 launch 7 twin panion 9 mankind 10 speculation 11 swallow 12 inadequate 13 matter 14 circumstance 15 occur 16 intense 17 evidence 18 invisible 19 astronaut 20 tropical Word Form 1 were reported 2 having 3 made 4 believed 5 is being pulled 6 swallowing 7 convincing 8 totally 9 consists 10 coloured Vocabulary and Structure 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 A 5 C 6 D 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 D C E Translation 1 This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results 2 It is only recently It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes 3 But in theory matter must behave very differently in a very different manner inside the black hole 4 The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems 5 Mankind may one day meet this fate 4 历年试题 1 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸 答 The star will explode when its density increases to some extent 2 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗 答 Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is 3 假如有人掉进黑洞 他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心 答 If a man fell into a black hole he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly 4 早在 17 世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道 答 Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century 5 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标 答 He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal UNITUNIT 3 3 1 word study request ensure oppose burden open up request n vt 请求 要求 request 后面接 for 表示要求的对象 根据要求 为 by 或 on request 应 之要求 则为 at sb s request He made a request for immediate help 他要求立即给予帮助 Minibuses stop by request 小公共汽车招手即停 Instructions will be sent immediately on upon request 说明将按要求立即寄出 The singer gave one more song at our request 歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌 Your silence is requested 请勿说话 ensure vt 保证 担保 ensure 后面接 against 或 from 表示 保证 免于 后面接 to 或 for 则 表示 保证 具有 We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way 我们可以保证把工作做好 The police can ensure the witness against 或 from danger 警察能保证证人免受危险 This measure ensure to 或 for us a voice in the matter 这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权 oppose vt 1 反对 反抗 2 使相对 使对抗 to Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost 由于代价过于高昂 许多人都反对修一条新公路 To the difficulties she opposed a will of iron 她用钢铁般的意志对待困难 What he said was totally opposed to the facts 他说的与事实完全相反 We are firmly opposed to this dirty political deal 我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易 burden n 1 担子 负担 2 责任 义务 She bore the whole burden of raising two children 她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任 The burden of running the factory is too heavy for his failing health 管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了 vt 使负重担 麻烦 劳累 The mother was burden with worries 妈妈忧心忡忡 Students are heavily burdened with home assignments 学生家庭作业负担过重 open up 1 打开 2 开办 开辟 开发 3 坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话 They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble 他们给他的胃开了刀 以找出病根 They opened up a mine in the remote areas 他们在那个偏远地区开了矿 They decided to open up a business in the town 他们决定在城里开一家店 The girl decided to open up and tell us everything 这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切 2 常考句型 1 范万德尔重病在身 再也不能说清楚话 他知道他没有康复的希望 身体状况正在急剧 恶化 P2 Affected with a serious disease van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating 2 在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前 范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄 了下来 去年在荷兰电视上首次播出 P3 Van Wendel s last three months of life before being given a final lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands 3 从那时开始 已有 20 多个国家买下了这个节目 每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国 性大辩论 P3 The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown it starts a nationwide debate on the subject 4 那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我 临终者没有这个权利 P9 What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven t the right 3 习题 1 词汇英译汉 weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 词组 to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take into account 2 句子英译汉 重点句 Affected with a serious disease van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating Van Wendel s last three months of life before being given a final lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown it starts a nationwide debate on the subject What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven t the right The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering that there is no chance of a cure and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable 3 句子汉译英 P 59 安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦 Euthanasia can really help rid the dying patients of extreme suffering Euthanasia does release the dying people from their suffering 你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家 Do you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe that permits euthanasia 支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人 Those doctors who support the idea never mean they don t care about for patients 在第 一个医生诊断疾病之后 必须由另外一名医生确认病情 After the first doctor has diagnosed the illness a second doctor must confirm the case 反对者认 为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命 可能请求之后另有他求 Opponents think patients may not really want to end their lives and probably there is another request behind the request 4 历年试题 1 The film show Cees Van Wendel s death was both moving and sensitive 99 10 答案 showing 考点 showing 是现在分词作定语修饰 the film 2 Each time the programmer of Van Wendal s last days before euthanasia was showed on TV it starts a nationwide debate the subject 99 10 A for B against C on D of 答案 C 考点 词 组 debate on 对 的争论 3 汉译英 每次播放这个节目 都引起对此话题的全国 性大辩论 99 10 答案 Each time it is shown this program starts a nationwide debate on the subject 4 汉译英 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一 死 00 10 答案 The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die 或者 It is said that the patient has asked the doctor to help him die 论 UNITUNIT 4 4 1 word study exploit campaign execute deserve status bring over exploit vt 1 开发 开采 2 利用 3 剥削 A mine is exploited for its minertals 开发矿山是为了采矿 The student exploits every possibility to learn English 这个学生利用一切可能性学英语 The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay 该公司用长工时 低工资的方法来剥削工人 campaign n 1 战役 2 运动 参选运动 The Huai Hai Campaign was essential to the victory of the War of Liberation 淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要 Our country is launching a campaign against waste 我们国家正在开展反浪费运动 His presidential campaign succeeded and he won the election 总统竞选运动取得成功 他当选了 vi 参加运动 参加竞选活动 They were campaigning to keep the local school open 他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动 The candidates for president campaigned by sending out letters to voters and speaking at public meeting 总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选 vt 使 参加运动 对 进行活动 Joan is c