高中主要句法导学案2----定语从句导

1 定语从句导学案定语从句导学案 学习目标学习目标 1 能够掌握定语从句的概念 引导定语从句的关系词及每个关系词的用法 2 能够掌握定语从句的特殊情况 并能够对不同的题目进行分析 学会做定语从句的 方法 学习过程学习过程 一 定语从句及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰一个 或 的从句称为定语从句 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面 2 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有 和 关系代词有 等 关系副词有 等 关系词常有 3 个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 二 关系词用法表格 请在其用法下打上 先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语 原因状语 主宾主宾 which that who whom 关系代词 whose where when 关系副词 Why 三 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 2 限制性定语从句举例 1 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on 非限制性定语从句举例 1 His mother who loves him very much is strict with him 考点分析 考点分析 一 限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况 1 Have you taken down everything Mr Li has said 2 that can be done has been done 3 The first place they visited in London was the Big Ben 4 This is the best film I have seen 5 This is the very dictionary I want to buy 6 Who is the man is standing there 7 Can you remember the scientist and his theory we have learned 1 当先行词是 anything everything nothing something 除外 few all none little some 等代词时 或者是由 every any all some no little few much 等修饰时 如 1 2 2 当先行词被 修饰 如 3 3 当先行词被 修饰时 如 4 4 当形容词被 the only 修饰时 如 5 5 当先行词前面有 which 等疑问代词时 如 6 6 当先行词既有人 也有动物或者物体时 如 7 二 定语从句只用 which 的情况 1The room in I study is very cool in summer 2He bought the book yesterday he enjoyed very much 3He stole some money made his father angry 3 4What s that was put in the box 5Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library was newly open to us 1 在关系代词前 只用 which 2 中 做主语和宾语只用 which 3 代替前面的话 翻译为 这一点 这件事 只能用 which 4 先行词为 those 时 只用 which 5 有两个定语从句时 前面用 后面用 避免重复 三 介词 关系代词 of which whom 可用来限定名词 代词 分数词 数词等 1 In the dark street there wasn t a single person she could turn for help 关系代词前介词的确定 1 Is that the newspaper you often write articles 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 2 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms I m sure 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 如 3 1949 was the year the P R C was founded 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 4 There are 50 students in our class two thirds of have been to Beijing 非限制性定与从句中 要表示先行词的一部分时 可用 数词 代词 of 关系代词 的结构 如 5 They live in a house whose door opens to the south They lived in a house the door opens to the south They lived in a house the door open to the south Whose 从句可转换为 of 关系代词 型 如 用适当的介词填空 1 The sun gives us heat and light which we can t live 2 The student whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class 3 I ll never forget the day which she said good bye to me 4 Who can give me the reason which he hasn t turned up yet 考点四 as 与 which 引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句 有时可以互换 但下列情况多用 as 4 1 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时 we all know the earth is round 2 当与 such 或 the same 连用时 一般用 as Such books you tell me are interesting I have the same plan you 3 当从句和主句语义一致时 用 as 反之则用 which She has married again was expected She has married again was unexpected 4 as 在从句中作主语时 后面常接行为动词的被动语态 如 be known be said be reported 等 如 从句中行为动词是主动语态 一般要用 which 作主语 She has been late again was expected Tom has made great progress made us happy 5 当非限制定语从句为否定时 常用 which 引导 Tom drinks a lot every day his wife doesn t like at all 注意 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时 常用 which Tom was always late for school made his teacher angry 要点提示 1 在限定性定语从句中 常见的搭配方式有 the same as as as not so as as such as 等 2 在非限定性定语从句中 常见的搭配方式有 as we all know as is known to us all as is said reported mentioned etc above as it is 等 可置于句首 句中或句末 考点五 定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性 定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致 用适当的 be 动词填空 He is the only one of the students who here just now He is one of the students who here just now 如果 one of 复数名词 后跟有定语从句 一般情况下 one of 后的复数名词为先行词 但当 one 前 有 the only the very just the 修饰时 先行词则为 one 改错题 1 Those who has finished may go home 5 2 He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 3 This is one of the rooms that is free now 4 Anyone who break the law will be punished 考点六 定语从句与强调结构 It is the place where they lived before It is in the place that they lived before 强调句的结构 It is was 强调部分 that who 句子 若去掉 It is was that who 句子结构仍然完整 就 为强调句 用适当的词填空 1 It is the playground I picked up this wallet 2 It is on the playground I picked up this wallet 3 It was four clock they got there 4 It was at four clock they got there 考点七 定语从句与并列结构 He has two sons neither of looks like him He has two sons and neither of looks like him 考点八 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1 定语从句修饰先行词 它和先行词是 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容 是 1 The plane that has just taken off is for London 2 The fact that he has been dead is clear 2 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 关系词在句中充当成分 有时可以省略 同位语从句 主要由 引导 在句中一般不做成分 句子也可以由 等词引导 充当成分 判别下列句子哪些是定语从句 哪些是同位语从句 1 The news he told me is true 2 The news that he has just died is true 3 The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money 4 The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve 5 His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable 6 Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online 7 The first request that he made was to ask for freedom 6 8 Do you have any idea where we will be sent 9 Is this the company where your father works 10 This is the reason that he gave for his absence 3 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用 be 动词发展成一个完整的句子 而定语从句不可以 1 The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all 同位语 2 The fact is that the earth moves around the earth 定语从句做题步骤定语从句做题步骤 1 找先行词 找先行词 2 选关系词 选关系词 3 看其成分 代 副看分明 千万别忘记 看其成分 代 副看分明 千万别忘记 在定语从句中 关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分 如果该从句中缺少主 语 表语 宾语或定语 就要用关系代词来连接从句 如果从句中缺少状语 就得用关系副词来连 接从句 实战演练 一 把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句 1 The fan is on the desk You want it 2 The man is in the next room He brought our textbooks here yesterday 3 The magazine is mine He has taken it away 4 The students will not pass the exam They don t study hard 5 The woman is our geography teacher You saw her in the park 6 The letter is from my sister I received it yesterday 7 The play was wonderful We saw it last night 8 The train was late It was going to Nanning 7 9 The boy is my brother He was here a minute ago 10 The tree is quite tall He is climbing it 11 Here is the girl Her brother works in this shop 12 That s the child We were looking at his drawing just now 13 This is the boy His sister is a famous singer 14 I want to talk to the boys Their homework haven t been handed in 15 Is that the woman Her daughter is in my class 16 He used to live in a big house In front of it grew many banana trees 17 They passed a factory At the back of the factory there were rice fields 18 The soldier ran to the building On the top of it flew a flag 19 In the evening they arrived at a hill At the foot of the hill there was a temple 20 She came into a big room In the middle of it stood a large table 二 改错题 1 I m using the pen which he bought it yesterday 2 Is that factory which your father once worked in 8 3 The man whom I spoke is from Canada 4 July 1 1999 is the day when we ll never forget 5 I still remember the holidays I stayed with them 6 I m going to work in the hospital where needs me 7 Those that haven t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate 8 I don t like the way which you talked to your friend 9 This is the last time when I ve given you lessons 10 Soon they came to a farm house and in front of which sat a small boy 11 We heard the news which our team won the game 12 The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable 13 Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names 14 That was the reason because she looked old 15 Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school 16 Taiwan that we know belongs to China 17 It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently 9 18 The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou 19 Which is known to all many satellite are going around in the sky 20 The students and things which you spoke of are known to us 21 Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from 22 The student who s book I had borrowed didn t come to school today 23 Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory 24 The bike by which I travelled was his 三 选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The place interested me most was the Children s Palace 2 Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded 3 That is the day I ll never forget 4 The factory we ll visit next week is not far from here 5 Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working 6 11 They arrived at a farmhouse in front of sat a small boy 7 It there anyone in your class family is in the country 8 I m interested in all you have said 9 I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday 10 He isn t such a man he used to be 11 He is good at English we all know 12 He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school 13 The letter is from my sister is working in Beijing 14 In our factory there are 2 000 workers two thirds of are women 15 I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together 10 16 The way he looks at problems is wrong 17 The reason he didn t come was he was ill 18 He is working hard will make him pass the final exam 19 I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers has a great effect on my life 20 Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn 四 用适当的介词加关系词填空 1 The person I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about 2 The pencil he was writing broke 3 Wu Dong I went to the concert enjoyed it very much 4 The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English 5 Her bag she put all her books has not been found 6 The stories about the Long March this is one example are well written 7 The pen he is writing is mine 8 The engineer my father works is about 50 years old 9 Last summer we visited the West Lake Hangzhou is famous in the world 10 This is the reason he didn t come to the meeting 五 定语从句相似句型精练 1 1 This is one of the most interesting films shown last week 2 This is the only very one of the most interesting films shown last week A which was B that was C which were D that were 2 1 He has two sons are college students 2 He has two sons and are college students A both of which B both of whom C both of them 3 1 He still lives in the room window faces to the east 2 He still lives in the room the window faces to the east 3 He still lives in the room is in the north of the city 4 He still lives in the room there is a beautiful table A which B whose C where D of which 4 1 we all know China is rich in natural resources 11 2 is well known that China is rich in natural resources 3 is well known China is rich in natural resources A Which B As C It D That 5 1 I will never forget the days we studied together 2 I will never forget the days we spent together A that B on when C when D on which 6 1 Galileo collected facts proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun 2 Galileo collected facts the earth and all the other planets move around the sun A that B which C 不填 D A and B 7 1 It was eleven o clock they went out of the cinema 2 It was at eleven o clock they went out of the cinema A which B that C when D on which 8 1 It was in 1969 two Americans got to the moon by spaceship 2 It was 1969 two Americans got to the moon by spaceship A which B when C that D as 9 1 The soldiers left the village they arrived yesterday evening