初三学生如何复习单词？.doc

初三学生如何复习单词？如果我们把语言学习比作盖房子，那么语法是框架，单词就是砖瓦。盖房子不能没有砖瓦，学语言不能没有单词。因此要想学好英语就必须多记、记好单词。有的同学之所以感觉学英语困难，就是因为没有掌握好英语的单词，没有记住该记的单词。学习单词的最佳方法莫过于在适当语境中，通过大量的口头、笔头实践，反复运用所学单词，做到在运用中理解，在理解中记忆，这是学习语言的基本规律。现在初中三年级的同学们已经进入了初中知识总复习阶段，准备参加中考。此时同学们既想对平时掌握的单词知识做个归纳、总结，以便掌握得更系统、更牢靠；又想在短时间内对尚未能正确熟练掌握的单词知识 (拼写、用法等) 给以弥补。怎么办？如何归纳、总结，又如何在短时间内弥补过去三年学习中的缺欠？现在向同学们介绍一些复习单词的方法。一、将单词按读音规则分类，关键是抓住单词之间的异、同点，便于掌握拼写形式和记忆1. 利用字母组合，音形结合，分组归类，发现并记忆特殊词，如：1) ea发 / e / 音：bread, sweater, weather, 特殊词读 / ei / great2) al发 / : / 音：talk, wall, small, 特殊词读 /: / half 3) augh发/ : / 音：taught, daughter, caught, 特殊词读 /:f / laugh2. 利用词尾同音同形，分组归类记忆，区分词首不同， 如：1) would, could, should 2) kind, mind, find, behind 3) light, right, bright, fight, flight 4) other, another, mother, brother3. 归纳同音同形异义词，如：left (左边) left ( leave的过去式); may (可以) May (五月); miss (想念) Miss (小姐); China (中国) china (瓷器); found (成立) found ( find的过去式和过去分词) 4. 归纳同音异形异义词，如：new knew; weather whether; nose knows; pair pear; father farther; blue blew; I eye; here hear; hour our; past passed; see sea; right write; whole hole; won one; meet meat; week weak; would wood; arent aunt; son sun; know no; to too two; buy by bye二、把单词按语义范畴归类，便于联想，成串记忆 如：1. 文化用品：bag, ink, pencil, pencil-box, book, ruler, eraser2. 人体名称：head, hair, eye, nose, mouth, neck, arm, hand, leg, foot3. 服装：coat, sweater, dress, suit, trousers, shirt, skirt, blouse4. 颜色：red, orange, yellow, green, blue, black, white, brown, pink, purple, light green, dark blue 三、利用构词法归纳分类记忆单词, 可取得事半功倍的效果运用所学构词知识与词义和词性结合起来记忆单词，可以节省单纯背记单词的时间，少走弯路。初中三年学习的构词法主要有以下几种：1. 合成法 (即由两个或两个以上的词合成新词的方法) ，如：合成名词：shop + keeper shopkeeper; moon + cake mooncake; class + room classroom; black + board blackboard合成代词：everyone; something; anybody; nothing etc.2. 派生法：(即通过给一个单词加前缀或后缀构成新词的方法)，如：1) 加前缀的情况mid + 名词，表示“中”、“中间”，如：mid-autumn mis + 动词，表示相反的意思，如：take mistakere + 动词，表示动作的重复，如：retell; returnun + 介词或形容词，构成反义词，如：unhappy; unlike; unusuala + 动词，表示状态， 如：asleep; alive 2) 加后缀的情况动词 名词：invent inventor, invention; operate operator, operation; drive driver; read reader; teach teacher; travel traveller; visit visitor形容词 副词：careful carefully; loud loudly; true truly名词 形容词：sun sunny; rain rainy; noise noisy; friend friendly; Canada Canadian; wool woolen; danger dangerous 动词 形容词：help helpful; use useful; enjoy enjoyable; worry worried; interest interested形容词 名词：different difference; good goodness; foreign foreigner3. 转化法：(即由一种词类转化成另一种词类，词形不变) 如：water (水，名词) water (浇水，动词; plant (植物，名词) plant (种植，动词); orange (橙子，名词) orange (橙色的， 形容词); mind (思想，名词) mind (介意，动词) 4. 缩略法：(即由多个字母缩略成少数的几个字母，词义不变) 如：television TV; telephone phone; bicycle bike; physical education PE 四、按“形、义、用” 归类对比的方法复习相应单词初中三年的学习中同学们接触了不少在“形、义、用”上有关联的单词，将它们按相同、相似或相反等功能分别加以归类对比，可以增强复习的趣味性，印象深刻，有助于保持长久记忆。1. 同义或近义词，如：begin start; learn study; almost nearly; perhaps maybe; hard difficult; fast quickly; borrow lend; can be able to; say speak talk tell; see look at watch; hear listen to; many much a lot of lots of; reach get to arrive at / in; look after take care of; enjoy oneself have a good time; be good at do well in; at last in the end finally;2. 反义词，如：free busy; long short; young old; early late; empty full; go come; love hate; ask answer; remember forget; up down; inside outside; 3. 对应词，如：man woman; father mother; boy girl; borrow lend4. 形近词，如：lift left; heart heard; quiet quick; feel fell fall5. 用法易混的词，如：take bring; take spend pay cost; say speak talk; see look; listen hear; too either; many much 五、掌握各种词形变化规则，记住有规可循的词英语各类词性的单词变化中，规则词占大多数，因此同学们要学会运用单词的变化规则举一反三，巧记单词，提高学习效率。但是在运用变化规则时仍不可忽视那些不规则变化的单词。单词变化的规则主要有：1. 名词复数的变化。2. 单音节形容词、副词比较级、最高级规则和不规则变化。3. 双音节以上形容词、副词比较级、最高级规则和不规则变化。4. 动词单数第三人称的变化。5. 动词现在分词变化规则。6. 动词过去式、过去分词变化规则。六、归纳识记各类词组，是掌握和运用单词的有效方法英语单词中有一些积极单词，非常活跃，它们可以组成许多词组，表达不同的含义，但是所涉及到的知识点和用法又比较复杂，同学们在复习中决不可忽视这些单词，可采取以下两种方法复习。1. 围绕一个积极单词展开联想记忆，这样就可以记忆许多固定搭配的词组和常用短语，如：有关come的词组：come in, come up, come on, come from, come back, come to school, come with , come over to my house, come here等等。有关get的词组：get on, get lost, get home, get off, get up, get back, get down, get dressed, get late, get to school, get ready for, get the message, get warmer等等。2. 由一个单词为切入点，以由其组成的词组为主干，进行发散思维，辐射出若干个相联词组，综合记忆，如：有关take的词组及相关词组：take bring; take spend pay cost; take a bus catch a bus by bus; take a rest have a rest; take a walk have a walk go for a walk; take a look (at) have a look (at) look at; take a photo take a picture; take ones time no hurry; take care of look after; take exercise get exercise do sport; take part in join; take place happe