2016年职称英语理工A试卷及答案

2016 年全国职称英语等级考试理工类 年全国职称英语等级考试理工类 A 级 试题级 试题及参考答案及参考答案 第第1部分 词汇选项 第部分 词汇选项 第1 15题 每题题 每题1分 共分 共15分 分 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最 为接近的选项 1 The revelation of his past led to his resignation A imaginationB ConfirmationC recallD Disclosure 2 Jensen is a dangerous man and can be very brutal A carelessB CruelC strongD Hard 3 You ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train A jumpB escapeC RunD prepare 4 We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty A ChangeableB StableC suitableD adaptable 5 The new garment fits her perfectly A haircutB PurseC ClothesD necklace 6 The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma A fearB JoyC HurtD memory 7 They have to build canals to irrigate the desert A decorateB WaterC changeD Visit 8 Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler A disabledB PupilC teenagerD Baby 9 The coastal area has very mild winter but the central plains remain extremely cold A WarmB severeC hardD dry 10 The details of the costume were totally authentic A RealB outstandingC creativeD False 11 We are aware of the potential problems A globalB PossibleC ongoingD Central 12 The idea was quite brilliant A positiveB CleverC keyD Original 13 Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate A regulatedB IncreasedC FellD maintained 14 The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance A CoachingB IdeaC termD Aspect 15 All houses within 100 metres of these as at risk of flooding A in dangerB out of controlC between equalsD in particular 第第 2 部分 阅读判断部分 阅读判断 第第 16 22 题 每题题 每题 1 分 共分 共 7 分分 下面的短文后列出了下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 如果该如果该 句提供的是正确信息 请选择句提供的是正确信息 请选择 A 如果该句提供的是错误信息 请选择如果该句提供的是错误信息 请选择 B 如果如果 该句的信息文中没有提及 请选择该句的信息文中没有提及 请选择 C The Greatest of Victorian Engineers In the hundred years up to 1860 the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel whose work in shipping bridge building and railway construction to name just three fields both challenged and motivated his colleagues He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects some of which resulted in works which are still in use today The son of an engineer Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel At the age of just twenty he became engineer in charge of the project This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach 决口 occurred in 1872 Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted While recovering from his injuries Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford a leading civil engineer of his day who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design After considerable scandal a second contest was held and Brunel s design was accepted For reasons of funding however exacerbated 加剧 by social unrest in Bristol the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed After Brunel s death it was decided to begin work on it again partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer The entire structure was finally completed in 1864 Today the well known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol just as the Opera House is of Sydney Originally intended only for horse drawn traffic the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year 16 Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Brunel worked only on shipping bridge building and railway construction A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第第 3 部分 概括大意与完成句子部分 概括大意与完成句子 第第 23 30 题 每题题 每题 1 分 共分 共 8 分分 下面的短文后有下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务 项测试任务 1 第第 23 26 题要求从所给的题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为指定个选项中为指定 段落每段选择段落每段选择 1 个小标题个小标题 2 第第 27 30 题要求从所给的题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确个选项中为每个句子确 定一个最佳选项 定一个最佳选项 Geothermal 地热 Energy 1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones the heat from the earth s center flows outwards towards the surface In this way it transfers to the next layer of rock If the temperature is high enough some of this rock melts and forms magma 岩浆 The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth s surface It often remains well below the earth s surface creating vast areas of hot rock In such regions there are deep cracks which allow rainwater to descend underground Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth s surface where it will appear as a hot spring However if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable 不可渗透 的 rock it remains trapped forming a geothermal reservoir If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface they can be reached by drilling wells Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants 2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water In these cases the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator The first geothermal power plant constructed at Lardarello in Italy was of this type and is still producing electricity today 3 Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either flash steam plants or binary 双重的 plants Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700 Fahrenheit This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir it flashes or boils into steam Again the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid The steam from this is used to power the turbines As in the flash steam plant the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir 23 Paragraph1 24Paragraph2 25Paragraph3 26Paragraph4 A Dry steam plants B Binary plants C Origin of geothermal energy D Generation of electricity E Flash steam plants F Recyclable water and steam 参考参考答案 答案 E C B 27 A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under 28 A dry steam reservoir produces steam with 29 Flash plants produce hot water through 30 In a binary plant the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into A the energy to turn a turbine B impermeable rock C one or two separators D turbine operator E little or no water F hot springs 答案 答案 第第 4 部分 阅读理解部分 阅读理解 第第 31 45 题 每题题 每题 3 分 共分 共 45 分分 下面有下面有 3 篇短文 每篇短文后有篇短文 每篇短文后有 5 道题 请根据短文内容 为每题确定道题 请根据短文内容 为每题确定 1 个最个最 佳选项 佳选项 第一篇第一篇 Sports Star Yao Ming If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world he is almost certainly the tallest At 2 26m he is the tallest player in the National Association NBA and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity 名气 Few if any Chinese athletes are as well known as Yao around the world People across the globe are fascinated with Yao not only for his basketball prowess 杰出的才能 but also for being a symbol of international commerce When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft 选拔 he was the first international player ever to be selected first His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility so he isa handful 难对付的人 for opponents on either end of the court But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture 骨折 in his left foot a collective shudder 震动 spread across China After considerable debate and discussion Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone to offer his overburdened foot more support The surgery was a success and though the estimated four month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics Yao wrapped up a 10 day trip to China where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine TCM treatments hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM s benefits although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair There is no reason to dismiss TCM Yao told a press conference in Beijing It s been used in our country for thousands of years I don t think that it s short on science 31 The word towering in Paragraph 1 means A Iarge B fat C all D Great 32 Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his A mobility B assault C defense D Celebrity 33 Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because A his right foot had been hurting B he wanted to make a more rapid recovery C the surgical operation had been a failure D he couldn t afford all the medical expenses 34 Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true A He missed the Athens Olympics B He is an NBA player C He fractured his left foot D He is an international figure 35 In general the Western experts attitude towards TCM is A indifferent B positive C negative D Doubtful 第二篇第二篇 The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠 The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for desert or steppe At 3 5 million square miles an area roughly the size of the United States the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world It spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130 F The humidity sometimes gets into the teens But it can also be as low as 2 5 percent the lowest in the world Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger Here the sand dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma Suddenly there are pools of clear water Surprisingly there are groves of date palms Underground water resources or oases sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields Corn cassava tea peanuts hot peppers and orange lime and grapefruit trees grow in these fields Donkeys and goats graze on green grass The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile traveling toward such oasis towns There a caravan will collect life sustaining salt which is mined from watery basins and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert The round trip across the vast sands takes one month 36 This passage is mostly about A life in the Sahara B the deserts of Africa C Bilma D how camels travel in the desert 37 Rainfall in most of the Sahara is A less than five inches per year B less than ten inches per year C less than twenty inches per year D Zero 38 The Sahara can be described as A a place of contrasts B a place where no one lives C an area where the winters are cold D an area that appeals to many tourists 39 The phrase an area roughly the size of the United States gives an indication of the size of A northern Africa B Niger C the Sahara D all of Africa 40 In this passage caravan means A traveling circus B group traveling together through difficult country C railroad train D a small fast sailing ship 第三篇第三篇 Older volcanic eruption Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history not because they were bigger but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock To his surprise the older the massive volcanic eruptions were the more damage they seemed to do He calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced He found that size for size older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals The Permian extinction for example which happened 250 million years ago is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover Yet 60 million years ago there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all Wignall says He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2 Vincent Courtillot director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France says that Wignall s idea is provocative But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions 41 Older volcanic eruptions did moredamage than more recent ones because A older volcanoes were brighter B carbon dioxide made the earth muchwarmer C older volcanoes were hotter D carbon dioxide killed off life moreeasily 42 Wignall calculated the killing powerof those older volcanic eruptions by A estimating how long they lasted B counting the dinosaurs they killed C comparing the proportion of lifekilled with the volume of lava produced D studying the chemical composition oflava 43 When did dinosaurs become extinct A 300 million years ago B 250 million years ago C 65 million years ago D 60 million years ago 44 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that the cause of dinosaur extinction is A a political issue B self evident C quite certain D controversial 45 What is the main thesis of thearticle A Volcanic eruptions are not alwaysdeadly B Carbon dioxide emissions often giverise to global warming C Older volcanic eruptions are moredestructive D It is not easy to calculate the killingpower of a volcanic eruption 第第 5 部分 补全短文部分 补全短文 第第 46 50 题 每题题 每题 2 分 共分 共 10 分分 下面的短文有下面的短文有 5 处空白 短文后有处空白 短文后有 6 个句子 其中个句子 其中 5 个取自短文 请根据短文个取自短文 请根据短文 内容将其分别放回原有位置 以恢复文章原貌 内容将其分别放回原有位置 以恢复文章原貌 Researchers Discover Why Human Began Walking Upright Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don t question 46 The team of researchers from the U S England Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape one that resembles the 6 million year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees to walk on two legs These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs said Dr Richmond The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource 47 Over time intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University s outdoor laboratory in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest 48 The chimpanzees behavior was monitored in three situations when only oil palm nuts were available when a small number of coula nuts were available and when coula nuts were the majority available resource When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers the chimpanzees transported more at one time Similarly when coula nuts were the majority resource the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether 49 In such high competition settings the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two leg