动词不定式(1)

语法核心突破语法核心突破 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式是高考的必考语法项目 考查内容复杂 在复习备考中要重视 1 不定式作表语与 be to do sth 的异同 不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质 His job is to guard 说明内容 be to do sth 表示按计划要做的事 2 带不定式作宾语的词语 下列词语常不定式作宾语 afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forg et like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire 等 下列动词后可接疑问词 不定式 teach decide wonder show learn forget ask find out advise discuss 等 3 如何理解和使用不定式作宾补 动词 see watch notice hear listen to observe feel taste smell make let have 等的宾补用动词原形 变被动时要加 to 此时的不定式就是主语补足语 常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况 主语 ask require tell order force get want like sb to do sth 主语 think judge suppose believe consider imagine consider feel sb to be to have done 主语 call on upon depend on wait for ask for sb to do sth 4 不定式作定语的特殊用法 下列词语后常接不定式作定语 chance wish right courage need promise time opportunity way the first the second the last the only 等 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系 There is no one to look after her 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 She is now looking for a room to live in 5 不定式作状语的用法 不定式作状语 修饰动词 在句中表示行为目的 结果 原因 only to do 表示出人意 料的结果 We hurried to the classroom only to find none there in order not to so as not to 用来引导目的状语 enough too so as to do such 名词 as to do 作结果状语 如 The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus I m not such a fool as to believe that 6 不定式的完成时的特殊用法 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作 The novel was said to have been published I regret to have been with you for so many years seem appear be said be supposed be believed be thought be known be reported 等动词常用于上面句型 此外 glad happy satisfied sorry surprised disappointed 后也接完成时 但要注 意与一般时的区别 I m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute 对不起 请稍等 说话时还未等 I m sorry to have kept you waiting 对不起 让你久等了 说话时已等了很久 不定式的完成时还可表示 过去本想做某事但未做 的虚拟语气 A should like to would like to would love to 不定式的完成时 B was were to 不定式的完成时 表示该做某事或想做但未实现 C expect hope mean promise suppose think want wish 不定式完成时 表示过去未曾实现的愿望 7 不定式的省略 同一结构并列由 and 或 or 连接 I want to finish my homework and go home I m really puzzled what to think or say 特例 To be or not to be this is a question He is better to laugh than to cry 表示对比 不定式作表语 其前面的主语从句中含有 do 时 后面的 to 省略 What he did was lose the game 句中含有动词 do 时 but except besides such as 等后面 to 可省略 即 前有 do 后省 to Don t do anything silly such as marry him 主句含有不定式 后面有 rather than rather than 后省 to Why not had better would rather can t but 等词后省 to 如 He could not but walk home 8 不定式的替代 多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中 为了避免重复 作宾语或主补 宾补的不定式再 次出现时 to 后的内容常承前省略 只保留 to 即可 但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用 的 have 或 be 任何形式 后应该保留原形 be 或 have 如 Susan is not what she used to be You came late last night You ought to have finished your homework I know I ought to have 常见的有 I d like love be happy to 拓展延伸 动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别 begin start continue like love dislike hate prefer can t stand 例 句解 析 1 It began to rain It began raining 2 It was beginning to snow 3 I love lying to lie on my back 4 I like listening to music but today I don t like to 5 I don t prefer to swim in the river now 1 意思无差别 但谓语动词用进行 时 后面只跟不定式 2 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语 如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动 多接不定式 remember forget regret try 例 句解 析 1 I remember to meet her at the station I remember seeing her once somewhere 2 I forgot giving it to you yesterday I forgot to tell you about it Now here it is 3 I regret not having working hard I regret to hear of your sister s death 4 Try knocking at the back door We must try to get everything ready 5 That will mean flooding some land I had meant to go on Monday 1 remember to do sth 记住要做的事 remember doing sth 回顾过去发生 的事 2 forget to do sth 忘记要做的事 forget doing sth 忘记做过的事 3 regret to do sth 对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth 对发生过的事后悔 4 try to do sth 设法 试图 try doing sth 试试看 试一试 5 mean to do sth 打算做 想要 mean doing sth 意味着 就是 want require need 例 句解 析 These desks need repairing These desks need to be repaired The patient required examined The patient required to be examined 1 need doing 需要被做 need to be done 需要被做 2 want doing want to be done 3 require doing require to be done 语法专练 1 Which do you enjoy your holiday going abroad or staying at home A spending B being spent C spend D to spend 2 Why I thought the Grand Hotel was on this corner but I seem a mistake A to make B to have made C to be making D to have been making 3 This intelligent house is very comfortable A living inB to live in it C to be lived inD to live in 4 There is nothing more I can try you to stay so I wish you good luck A being persuaded B persuading C to be persuaded D to persuade 5 John was made the car for a week as a punishment A to wash B washing C wash D to be washing 6 The sitting room needs but it ll have to wait until Saturday A be cleaning B to be cleaned C clean D being cleaned 7 I m afraid they would not allow him here A to smoke B smoking C smokes D smoke 答案 1 5 DBDDA 6 7 BA 高考真题链接高考真题链接 1 2010 安徽卷 T25 I haven t seen Sara since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond A hearing B strength C recognition D measure 解析 选 C 本题考查名词辨析 hearing 意为 听力 strength 意为 力气 力量 recognition 意为 认出 识别 认识 measure 意为 测量 措施 句意为 她变 得认不出来了 2 2010 山东卷 T31 Your house is always so neat how do you it with three children A manage B serve C adapt D construct 解析 选 A 本题考查动词在具体语境中的使用 句意应为 你家里总是那么整洁 家里有三个孩子 你是怎么设法做到的 表示 设法做成某事 用 manage it serve 表示 为 服务 接待 adapt 表示 使适应 使适合 construct 表示 建造 构筑 构 思 3 2010 上海卷 T40 Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms A reducing B to reduce C reduced D reduce 解析 选 B 此处考查非谓语动词 此处应该用不定式 the way to do sth 表示做 的途 径 方式 the only way to do we can imagine 做定语 前面省略了 that 4 2010 辽宁卷 T25 We were astonished the temple still in its original condition A finding B to find C find D to be found 解析 选 B 句意 我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况 be astonished 后应该 跟动词不定式做状语 5 2009 浙江卷 T10 The system has been designed to give students quick and ea