职称英语综合类A、B、C级综合试卷模拟15.doc

全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题(五)第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短浯划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1They voted to abolish the office of second vice-president. Adecorate Bcreate Cimprove Deliminate 2Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad. Aon the air Bhenceforth Cnearby Din foreign countries 3Choreographer Twyla Tharp uses familiar dance movements in original ways to create works filled with clever gestures and abrupt changes in motion and mood. Agraceful Bcreative Csudden Ddramatic 4Red giant stars do not become white dwarf stars abruptly; the process takes more than fifteen hundred years. Asuddenly Bin unison Cprematurely Daccidentally 5Although South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, not all of them can be mined lucratively. Amolten Bplentiful Cdiverse Dprecious 6The most famous Shoshone Indian was Sacagaweathe woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploration of the upper Missouri River. Atraveled with Bargued with Cdefended Davoided 7It is now generally assumed that the planets were formed by the accretion of gas and dust in a cosmic cloud. Aseparation Breaction Caccumulation Dmotion 8While they were away on vacation, they allowed their mail to accumulate at the post office. Abe delivered Bpile up Cget lost Dbe returned 9If the weatherman has predicted accurately, tomorrow will be a perfect day for our picnic. Aastutely Bcorrectly Ccarefully Dacutely 10Usually, in an attack of influenza, the patients limbs ache. Ahurt Bsoften Cget numb Dget hot 11As aquatic plants moved millions of years ago from the ocean to the land, they underwent a number of adaptations. Amishaps Bexpansions Csetbacks Dmodifications 12One of Californias greatest problems is providing adequate water to meet the needs of its expanding population. Asufficient Bpalatable Csuitable Dunpolluted 13Weed killers must be chosen and applied with great care to avoid damage to adjacent trees and shrubs. Aindigenous Bnearby Cperennial Dsimilar 14Eleven states, including the adjoining states of North and South Carolina, seceded from the United States in the 1860s and formed a southern confederacy. Aseparated Bneighboring Ccolonial Dcompeting 15I admire his work. Arecognize Bexploit Ctolerate Desteem第二部分：阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared, Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. I knew something was wrong, she said. I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served meals to them. This was a really intense storm, said Snyder, People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. 16The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 17George Snyder was a firefighter. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 18Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 19Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 20There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 21Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 22Several people were missing during the storm. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Earth Angels 1Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a No Butts on the Beach campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon- size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hit- ting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片). 2People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground watera real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the Dont Be Crude program runs oil-collection sitestanks that hold up to 460 gallonswhere people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. We really take water for granted, says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. In other countries, you have to plan for it.Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries. 23Paragraph 1_ 24Paragraph 2_ 25Paragraph 3_ 26Paragraph 4_ AProvide Clean Water BDig Oil Wells CSave Clean Water DDont Litter EDont Be Crude FProtect Wildlife 27Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to_ 28People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to_ 29Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to_ 30Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _ Amake new materials Bpreserve wetland and animals Chave clean air Dhave clean water Ecollect cigarette butts Fcollect disposed oil第四部分：阅读理解 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。 第一篇 War and Conflict The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 31In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_. Aargue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies Bsmooth out the conflicts in human societies Cdistinguish between two kinds of opposition Dsummarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation 32According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_. Ait results in war in most cases Bit induces efforts to expand territory Cit is a kind of opposition among social entities Dit is essentially a struggle for existence 33The phrase function in the disservice of one another (Para. 1) most probably means_. Abetray each other Bharm one another Chelp to collaborate with each other Dbenefit one another 34The author indicates in the passage that conflict _. Ais an inevitable struggle resulting from competition Breflects the struggle among social animals Cis an opposition among individual social entities Dcan be avoided 35The passage is probably intended to answer the question _. AIs war inevitable? BWhy is there conflict and competition? CIs conflict desirable? DCan competition lead to conflict? 第二篇 System of Criminal Trial How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so en- grossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our adversarial system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental inquisitorial system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by ordealespecially a religious eventwas the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally, this historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S.A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare them themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even slowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 36British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. It implies that_. Athe British legal system can do the basic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent Bthe British legal system is worse than the continental legal system Cthe British legal system is often considered to be not very fair Dthe British legal system is very efficient 37Which of the following sentences is NOT true? _. AOral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read. BWhen trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. CIn the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. DLawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 38In Britain, newspapers_. Ado the same as American newspapers do Bare not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place Care not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place Dare allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place 39We can infer that American lawyers_. Ado not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases Bprepare the cases themselves Ctend to be more passionately involved in their cases Dtend to approach cases dispassionately 40The passage_. Aquestions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient Bsuggest