人教版八年级英语上册第一单元知识点总结

知识 梦想 未来 第 1 页 共 6 页 课课 题题Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 课课 型型 预习课 同步课 复习课 习题课 授课日期及时段授课日期及时段2016 年 11 月 12 日 教教 学学 目目 的的 四会短语的掌握 不定代词的用法 单词与词组的解析 重重 难难 点点短语的记忆方法学习 教教 学学 内内 容容 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation 一 书本重要语法点梳理 go on vacation 去度假 stay at home 待在家里 go to the mountains 去爬山 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去参观夏令营 quite a few 相当多 study for 为 而学习 go out 出去 most of the time 大部分时间 taste good 尝起来很好吃 have a good time 玩得高兴 of course 当然 feel like 给 的感觉 感受到 go shopping 去购物 in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为 one bowl of 一碗 the next day 第二天 drink tea 喝茶 find out 找出 查明 go on 继续 take photos 照相 something important 重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up 出来 buy sth for sb buy sb sth 为某人买某物 taste adj 尝起来 look adj 看起来 nothing but 动词原形 除了 之外什么都没有 seem to be adj 看起来 arrive in 大地点 arrive at 小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth 决定去做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 try to do sth 尽力去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 want to do sth 想去做某事 start doing sth 开始做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth 继续做某事 Why not do sth 为什么不做 呢 so adj that 从句 如此 以至于 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人 不要 做某事 have a good time 玩得高兴 enjoy oneself have great fun 知识 梦想 未来 第 2 页 共 6 页 1 on vacation 度假 vacation 意为 假期 假日 相当于 holiday 但 vacation 表示长的假期 如 the long vacation 长假 the summer vacation 暑假 the Christmas vacation 圣诞假期 而 holiday 尤其美国 指 假日 休息日 休假 on vacation on holiday 意为 度假 2 anything interesting 一些有趣的东西 1 something anything nothing everything 是指物的不定代词 somebody someone anybody anyone nobody everybody everyone 是指人的不定代 词 somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere 是指地点的不定代词 2 当形容词修饰 something anything nothing everything 等不定代词时 放在这些词 的后面 3 这些不定代词做主语时 谓语动词用第三人称单数 如 Is everybody here 大家都到齐了吗 4 something somebody someone somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问 句中 而 anything anybody anyone anywhere 用于否定句及疑问句中 如 Did you do anything interesting 你做了有趣的事吗 表疑问 Why don t you visit someone with me 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢 表 建议 含 some 的一般用于肯定句 也用于表示请求邀请的疑问句或预计是肯定回答的疑问 句 I have something to ask you 我有事情要问你 Are you expecting someone this afternoon 今天下午你是不是等什么人 no one 与 none no one 只能指人 且不能与 of 搭配 no one 做主语时 只能是单数 none 为不定代词 意为 什么也没有 既可指人 也可指物 none 在句中不能单 独作主语 但可同 of 连用带名词一起作主语 做主语时谓语用单复数都可 考例 They were all very tired but of them took a rest A none B all C both D either 其它复合不定代词可单独作主语 但不能同 of 连用 错 He is new here so none knows him 对 He is new here so no one knows him 错 Nobody of them has been to England before 对 None of them has been to England before 3 buy sth for sb 或 buy sb sth 如 My parents often buy some books for me My parents often buy me some books 我父母经常给我买书 4 提建议的句子 What how about doing sth 如 What How about going shopping Why don t you do sth 如 Why don t you go shopping Why not do sth 如 Why not go shopping 知识 梦想 未来 第 3 页 共 6 页 Let s do sth 如 Let s go shopping Shall we I do sth 如 Shall we I go shopping 5 long time no see 好久不见 6 quite a few 相当多 a few 与 a little 的区别 few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如 He has a few friends 他有一些朋友 There is a little sugar in the bottle 在瓶子里有一些糖 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如 He has few friends 他没有几个朋友 There is little sugar in the bottle 在瓶子里没有多少糖 7 most of 的大多数 如 most of the time 大多数时间 8 Still no one seemed to be bored 仍然没有人感到烦闷 1 seem 意为 好像 似乎 看来 是个连系动词 构成的短语有 seem to do sth 好像做某事 如 They seem to talk in class 他们似乎上课说 话 seem to be adj 似乎 如 He seemed to be ill yesterday 昨天他似乎 病了 It seems that 从句 似乎 如 It seems that he was ill yesterday 昨天他似 乎病了 2 bored 作形容词 意为 烦闷的 厌倦的 其主语是某人 而 boring 也是形容词 其主语是某物 如 My parents ask me to do homework all day I feel bored 我父母整天叫我做作业 我感到很厌倦 Doing homework all day is a little boring 整天做作业有点无聊 相类似的词语还有 interested adj 感兴趣的 interesting adj 有趣的 surprised adj 感到惊奇的 surprising adj 惊奇的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋 激动的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的 9 辨析 get to reach arrive 牢记 相同点 都是 到达 的意思 不同点 get to 地点 reach 地点 arrive at 小地点 车站等 arrive in 大地点 国家等 注意 若他们后面要加地点副词 here there home 等 则不需要加介词 arrive in 大地点 arrive at 小地点 到达某地 当我们用介词 at 时 通常把后面所接的地方看成一个点 而当用 in 时 则把后面所 接地方看成是一个面 大范围的面 所以 arrive at 后面一般接 station airport 知识 梦想 未来 第 4 页 共 6 页 destination 等表示小范围的地点 例如 We arrived at the Shanghai Railway Station at 11 00 pm last night When we arrived at Wuhan Airport it s midnight arrive in 后面一般接国家 大城市之类表示大范围的地点 例如 When did you arrive in Beijing It was the cold season when I arrived in Germany 10 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做 乐意做 如 She enjoys playing football 她喜欢踢足 球 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如 He enjoyed himself 他过得很愉快 跟它意思相近的词组还有 have a good great time have great fun 11 decide 意为 决定 是动词 它的名词形式为 decision 构成的短语有 decide to do sth decide on doing sth make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 决定不要做某事 要用 decide not to do sth 如 Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing 李雷已经决定去北京 12 nothing but 意为 除 之外 只有 如 I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long 我整天除了看电视什么也没干 13 feel like 意为 有什么感觉 感受到 后跟宾语从句 另外 构成短语 feel like doing sth 意为 想做某事 如 I felt like I was a bird 我感觉我是一只鸟 I feel like eating 我想吃东西 14 because of because because of 名词 代词 名词性短语 如 I had to move because of my job 因为工作的原因我得搬家 because 从句 如 I do it because I like it 我做这件事是因为我喜欢 15 below 意为 在 下面 其反义词为 above 意为 在 上面 16 bring sth to 地点 意为 带来 其反义词是 take 如 Please bring your book to our school 请把你的书带到我们学校来 Please take your book to your school 请把你的书带到你的学校去 17 enough 足够 形容词 enough 如 beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough 名词 如 enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够 去做 如 I have enough money to go to Beijing 我有足够的钱去北京 She is old enough to go to school 她够大去读书了 18 so that 如此 以致于 引导结果状语从句 so 后面接形容词 副词 that 后面跟从句 如 She was so sad that she couldn t say a word 她悲伤得一句话也说不出来 19 taste good 尝起来很好吃 taste 系动词用法 尝起来 后 形容词 其他表示状 态的系动词有 feel 觉得 keep 保持 stay 保持 seem 好像 look 看来 像 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 taste 尝起来 系动词与形容词连用 I feel sick 我感到难受 Keep quiet please 请安静下来 The weather stays very hot 天气非常热 He seems very clever 他好像很聪明 知识 梦想 未来 第 5 页 共 6 页 Jim looks like his father 吉姆长得像他父亲 The fish smells terrible 这鱼闻起来坏了 That sounds a good idea 那听起来是个好主意 The soup tastes very delicious 这汤尝起来非常香 20 I bought something for my parents but nothing for myself 反身代词的用法 myself yourself herself himself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 词组 enjoy oneself help oneself learn by oneself 21 too many too much much too 1 too many 太多 后接可数名词复数 课 标 第 一 网 Mother bought too many eggs yesterday 2 too much 太多 修饰不可数名词或修饰动词作状语 We have too much work to do Don t talk too much 3 much too 太 修饰形容词和副词 The hat is much too big for me You re walking much too fast too much much too 用法区别看后头 much 后接不可数 too 后修饰形或副 too many 要记住 后面名词必复数 22 forget to do sth 和 forget doing sth 1 forget to do sth 忘记将要做的事 Don t forget to close the window 别忘了关窗户 2 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 I forget closing the window 我忘记已经关上窗户了