流行性感冒讲座英文

Influenza,Influenza,1.What is Influenza?2.How Influenza Spreads3.Symptoms4.Diagnosis5. Treatment6.How to Prevent,1.What is Influenza?,Influenza (the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death.,History：2,400 years,A cold is a milder respiratory illness than the flu. While cold symptoms can make you feel bad for a few days. Flu symptoms can make you feel quite ill for a few days to weeks. Cold symptoms usually begin with a sore throat, which usually goes away after a day or two. Nasal symptoms, runny nose, and congestion follow, along with a cough by the fourth and fifth days. Fever is uncommon in adults, but a slight fever is possible. Children are more likely to have a fever with a cold.With cold symptoms, your nose teems with watery nasal secretions for the first few days. Later, these become thicker and darker. Whether a person has typical seasonal flu or swine flu, the symptoms seem to be quite similar. Flu symptoms are usually more severe than cold symptoms and come on quickly. Symptoms of swine flu and seasonal flu include sore throat, fever, headache, muscle aches and soreness, congestion, and cough. Swine flu in particular is also associated with vomiting and diarrhea.,Difference Between Cold or FLU,Influenza (the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent seasonal flu is by getting a seasonal flu vaccination each year. In virus classification influenza viruses are RNA viruses that make up three of the five genera of the family Orthomyxoviridae. Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C,Influenza (the flu),1918 H1N1 Spanish flu 40 million H2N3 Far east flu 2 million1968 H2N3 Hong Kong flu 700000,World War I ：8 to 10 million,20th century,Key Influenza A Viral Features,神经氨酸酶（N）,血 凝 素（H）,Influenza: An Ever-Changing Virus,Antigenic drift: Small change ,happen continually over timeIs one of the main reasons why people can get the flu more than one timeAntigenic shift:Is an abrupt, major changeResults in a new influenza A subtype or a virus,2.How Influenza Spreads,People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet awayMost experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talkThese droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose (contact transmission),According to Center for disease control & prevention (CDC), symptoms of H1N1 influenza resembles seasonal influenza and other acute upper respiratory tract infections.,3.Symptoms,Fever with or without chills Lethargy Lack of appetite Sore throat Cough Running nose Body ache Headache Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea,4.Diagnosis,Difficult to diagnoseSimilar to the common coldOnset of symptoms may occur rapidly,Diagnosis,It can be tested for in the lab,Leukopenia particularly lymphopenia mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia slightly or moderately elevated aminotransferase levelsMarked hyperglycemia related to corticosteroid use elevated creatinine levels,Common laboratory findings,viral isolation chick embryos cultured cells,Virology Diagnosis,Virology Diagnosis,Real-time PCR Rapid Quantitative,Immunofluroscence,Rapid Distinguish between influenza A and B viruses,Virology Diagnosis,Drugs proved resistant at present ,5.Treatment,6.How to Prevent,8 Steps to Protect YourselfIndividual preparednessBefore the pandemic comesWhen the pandemic comes,Step 1 Be prepared Step 2 Get vaccinatedStep 3 Keep hands cleanStep 4 Use mask properly,8 Steps To Protect Yourself,Step 5 Know how influenza presentsStep 6 Manage fever wellStep 7 Practise healthy lifestyleStep 8 Be resourceful,8 Steps To Protect Yourself,Step 1 : Be Prepared,Build up good personal hygiene wash hands frequently wear mask when symptoms of respiratory tract infection develop cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of soiled tissue properly in a lidded rubbish bin avoid touching eyes, mouth or nose,Step 1 : Be Prepared,Seasonal peaks : Jan - Mar / Jul AugInfluenza vaccination one of the effective means of preventing influenza and its complicationsInfluenza vaccination is recommended to special groups,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,People not suitable to receive influenza vaccination: Allergic to eggs, neomycin, etc Allergic to previous dose of influenza vaccine With bleeding disorders or on warfarin deep subcutaneous injection Suffer from acute febrile illness receive when recover,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,Two weeks after vaccination antibodies develop and provide protection Immunity declines over time,Step 2 : Get Vaccinated,Step 3 : Keep Hands Clean,Step 3 : Keep Hands Clean,Step 3 : Keep Hands Clean,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,outward,Inward,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,Points to note about wearing a surgical mask : The mask should fit snugly over the face Try not to touch the mask once it is secured on your face. If you must do so, wash your hands before and after touching the maskWhen taking off the mask, avoid touching the outside of the mask,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,Points to note about wearing a surgical mask :After taking off the mask, put the mask into a plastic or paper bag before putting it into a rubbish bin with a lidA surgical mask should be changed at least dailyReplace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiled,Step 4 : Use Mask Properly,Step 5 : Know How Influenza Presents,Step 6 : Manage Fever Well,Step 7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Is one of the most effective ways to prevent communicable diseasesTo lead a healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet Get regular exercise Do not smoke Have adequate rest build up body resistance,Step 7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle,Major components of a balanced diet A variety of food Whole