巨人学校鞍山校区初二英语提高班完型填空讲义.doc

巨人學校鞍山校區初二英語提高班完型填空講義2014.4.19完形填空是高考英语试卷中综合性最强的题型，对词义的辨析、语篇的理解和语法的掌握要求最高、最具挑战性。在整个试卷中所占的分数是30分，所以完形填空的得分对考生在高考中能否获高分起着至关重要的作用。高考完形填空旨在全面考查考生英语基础知识和综合运用语言的能力，它集词的用法及搭配，词语辨析、语法、单句理解、语篇理解等考查于一体，既考查考生的语言知识水平，又检测考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。既考查词汇知识，也考查阅读理解能力。答题时考生的“语境观”和“语篇观”是至关重要的，因为大多数题考查对语篇的整体理解，要求考生基于语篇整体，通篇把握确切含义，正确领会上下文的逻辑关系。只要“基于篇章、身临其境、辨析词义”，有语篇的上下文整体观，置身于语篇的情境之中，有巩固的基本语言知识特别是词汇量和词义辨析的基本功做后盾，考生就能最大限度地做好高考完形填空题。命题特点： 从完型填空的命题特点来看，高考完形填空多为夹叙夹议文章，以选择填空为主，语法选择填空为辅；以单词填空为主，词组和短语填空为辅。夹叙夹议的完形填空，其中有故事情节的叙述，也有人物内心的感悟；有情节描写，也有心理描写。这就要求考生既要有运用词汇、语法、句法和语篇理解的能力，更要让自己进入文章的角色，走进人物内心去感悟，领会主人公的心理活动，把握文章脉络，从而完成填空。高考完形填空多为240280词之间的短文，一般20个空格。从设空距离来看，平均间隔为10至15词之间；首句往往不设空是完整的，给考生提供语境。它是了解全文的窗口，起着让考生尽快熟悉语境，推测文章大意的作用。文章的第一句给考生一个完整的信息可以让对完形存有畏惧心理的学生很快安定下来，增强答题的信心。因此，考生应当充分重视首句的作用，以此为突破口，据此积极展开思维，争取开局胜利。而尾句往往是对文章的总结或结论。因此关注完型填空的首尾句是非常关键的技巧。另外，要做好完形填空，考生必须要有完整的句子意识、上下文意识、主题思想意识、跨文化意识和社会生活体验意识，缺少哪一种意识将对文章的理解都会造成偏差。最后，重点放在还不太有把握的题上，通过对全文的主旨、线索的理解、作者的意图、文体特色、文章的精神的再次验证，着眼全局，仔细推敲，从而确定答案。应试技巧： 细读首句，利用首句大胆推断全文大意：首句不设空。完形填空一般没有标题，但首句一般不设空，主要是提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息，是进行推断全文主旨的基础和起点。学生在主旨的指引下展开合理的想象，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，这样文章隐匿信息就会逐渐显露直至豁然开朗。找到解题的突破口。 通读全文，掌握大意，粗选答案。依据首句提供的启示，快速阅读文章，从整体感知全文，掌握大意。这是第一遍阅读，读时要跳过空格，不看选项，困难肯定是有的，不懂之处不要停留，力求把注意力集中在文章的主线上。要注意文中的暗示，努力找出关键词。如果是故事性文章，关键词就是时间、地点和人物。抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索，进而理解全文。然后根据文章的大意进行第二遍阅读，此时可边阅读边粗选答案，这是为了尽量减少空格，帮助更透彻地理解全文。上下文连贯，精选答案。根据上下文语境进行选择：由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。4. 根据本句语境和词汇搭配进行选择：有时我们要从备选答案中选择既符合语境的意义特点又符合其词汇特点的词，此时各备选答案的词往往为同义词或意义及用法极易混淆的词，解题时要考虑到空格处的语境意义特点，确定其词汇意义，又要对各词进行比较，才能正确选出所需词汇。5 利用褒贬语气进行判断：多数完形填空文章都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态，以及作者的写作意图，因此我们可以利用文章的褒贬语气进行准确的判断，做出正确的选择。6 复读全文，消除疏漏。全部答案选定后，应再次对全文进行复读，并全方位、多角度地检查所选答案，看能否使全文连贯畅通，内容清晰，主题突出。在复核过程中，凡遇不通之处必是有待推敲的疑点。对平时易犯的错误尤其要给予足够的重视。对于个别拿不准的答案，应当根据自己的语感，尊重第一次选择的答案，若无充分依据，切勿轻易改动。解题方法充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。 The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 22 areas like the desert. （2004 辽宁卷）21AUsing BHolding COwning DFinding 22Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 .Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living, 37 had his father and grandfather before him. 36A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid37A. like B. as if C. so D. nor3. 注意同义词的辨义The child in the hospital bed was just walking up after having a throat operation. His throat, and he was afraid.(2006 陕西卷) 21A.damaged Bcut Churt Dwounded.根据动作的发出者确定所选的词A Waiter(44) appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to 45 the table and take their 46,(2006全国卷)45.A.setB.wash C.remove D.check46.A.menuB.bill C.food D.order5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项1.The explorers found that the island had good soil 37 the 200 natives living there survived with little food. （2006 湖北卷）37. A. and B. but C. however D. still根据句意可知前后两个分句实为转折关系，先排除and 和still，而however在使用时须用逗号与主句隔开，故答案选B. but。6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项And it did. Suddenly( 38 ) ,the lightning flashed through the clouds, nearly 39 Raul. （2006 四川卷)39. A. beating B. blinding C. burning D. touching7 . 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项One man was to meet his wife downtown and spend some time shopping with her. He waited 1 for 15 minutes .Then he waited impatiently for 15 minutes more. After that, he became 2 . (2006 浙江卷)1A. proudly B. respectfully C. patiently D. curiously2A. angry B. hungry C. frightened D. thirsty最后，还要对考生复习提出几点建议：1要系统学习词汇、短语搭配、惯用法及一些重要句型。在学习词汇的过程中，一定要注意词汇在不同语境中的多种含义，也要注意词性的转化。 加强训练，真正培养出较强的语感。每日做两篇完形文章，同时要注意内容的多样性，难度由适中到偏高，逐步过渡。经过一段时间的训练，就可以发现自己的逻辑思维能力和观察分析能力有所提高，语感也相应提高了。 养成良好的阅读习惯，培养熟练的阅读技巧，克服急躁心理。大量的阅读还要以熟练的技巧为前提，良好的习惯为保证。完形文章的阅读比较困难，需跳过空格，了解文意。应注意分析文章结构，领会上下文逻辑关系，不要盲目选择，要有根有据。阅读时要控制时间，并着眼于整句的理解，整段的把握，而不是支离破碎的词的拼凑。切忌遇到生词就查词典，这样会影响阅读速度。另外，要保持良好的心态，遇到问题及时解决，坚持不懈，就能稳步前进。 注意分析错题，避免出现类似的错误。每做完一篇完形之后，都应对所错之处进行分析，总结出错的原因，找出正确的解题思路，以逐步养成良好的解题习惯和熟练的解题技巧。 Practice: 1Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系） red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of _5_. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in _6_. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people _7_ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and _8_. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be _9_. Those who like to be with _10 _ like red. The cool colors are _11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to _12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good _13_ for a living room or a _14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. _15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.1. A. sadnessB. angerC. administrationD. smile2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places 3. A. landB. leaves C. grass D. mountains4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening 5. A. moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars 6. A. summer B. spring C. autumnD. winter 7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell 8. A. greenB. yellow C. white D. gray 9. A. calm B. sleepy C. active D. helpful 10. A. the other B. another C. other one D. others 11. A. blackB. green C. golden D. yellow 12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along 13. A. one B. way C. fact D. matter 14. A. factory B. classroom C. restaurant D. hospital 15. A. Different B. Cool C. Warm D. All2Charlie came from a poor village. His parents had _1_ money to send him to school when he was young. The boy was very sad. Mr. King lived next to him. He found the boy _2_ and had pity on him and lent some money to him. So the boy could go to school. He studied hard and _3_ all his lessons. When he finished middle school, the man introduced him to his friend in the town. And he began to work.Once Mr. King was seriously hurt in an accident. Dying, he asked Charlie to take care of his daughter, Sharon. The young man _4_ and several years later he married the girl. He loved her very much and tried his best to make her happy. He often bought beautiful clothes and delicious food for her. He was good at cooking and he cooked _5_ for her. So she became very fat and she felt it difficult to walk. And one day she found there was something wrong with her heart. Her husband wasnt at home and she had to go to _6_ at once. The doctors looked her over and told her _7_ eat meat, sugar, chocolate and things like these. She was afraid _8_ the doctors words and wrote all the names of the food on the paper. When she got home, she put the list on the table and _9_. When she returned home that afternoon, she found many kinds of food: meat, sugar and chocolate in the kitchen. Charlie was busy _10_ there. As soon as he saw her, he said happily, “Ive bought all the food you like, dear!”1. A. noB. someC. muchD. enough 2. A. lazyB. cleverC. carefulD. hard3. A. did well inB. was poor atC. was workingD. was good for4. A. was angryB. thought hardC. agreedD. said “No.”5. A. a littleB. a fewC. manyD. a lot6. A. rest B. sleepC. hospitalD. work7. A. should B. wouldC. to D. not to8. A. to rememberB. to forgetC. to catchD. to teach9. A. sleptB. went outC. cookedD. ate10. A. readingB. seeingC. cookingD. writing 3Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me _1 _ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have _2_ a whole variety of reasons. _3_ important reason is that I want to be a better man. Many things make human beings different _4_ or better than or even superior to animals. One of the most important things is _5_ . If I fail to receive higher education, my education _6_. As I want to be a fully _7_ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to _8_. I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are _9_ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human being and _10_ fit into society.1. A. quiteB. soC. suchD. another2. A. come up withB. agreed withC. been fed up withD. got on well with3. A. Most B. The mostC. MoreD. Much4. A. toB. aroundC. betweenD. from5. A. educationB. weatherC. temperatureD. science6. A. finishedB. dont finishC. will not finishD. has finished7. A. developB. developedC. developingD. experience8. A. improveB. graduateC. hearD. provide9. A. betweenB. amongC. insideD. outside10. A. can goodB. may betterC. be able to betterD. be able to best名师点评本文主要围绕“我为什么要上大学？”这一话题展开讨论，首先介绍了教育对人发展的重要性，然后说明大学在教育中的地位，从而层次分明地解释了上大学的原因。4Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was _1_ to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou（北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to _2_. The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was _3_. He had his gun with him_4_.Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very _5_ mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to _6_ food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf _7_ the children. They were a nice, happy familywolf family! Farley did not need his _8_ any more. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were _9_. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to _10_ them and not to kill them.1. A. seenB. toldC. heardD. found 2. A. a small townB. a big cityC. a far placeD. a lonely village3. A. afraid B. happyC. angryD. tired 4. A. at times B. all the timeC. once a week D. every afternoon 5. A. bad B. good C. hungry D. thirsty6. A. cook B. make C. getD. pick 7. A. shouted atB. looked intoC. laughed at D. played with8. A. food B. clothes C. gun D. plane9. A. not good B. not true C. not easy D. not clear10. A. grow B. have C. teach D. understand5Many people think that Americans 1 their cars almost more than anything else. When 2_ people are fourteen years old, they want to have their _3_ cars. They dont ask for a car from their 4_. So many of them work in _5_ time during their last year of high school to buy a car. Learning to 6 _ and getting a drivers license may be one of the most exciting things in a young persons life.Some people almost 7 _ go to a doctor when they are ill. But they will _8_ their cars to a garage as soon as they think there is a 9 . On Saturdays or Sundays some people may 10 most of their time washing and repairing their cars.1. A. preferB. loveC. driveD. play2. A. littleB. big C. old D. young3. A. newB. own C. expensive D. cheap4. A, friendsB. teachers C. parents D. brothers5. A. freeB. busyC. study D. good6. A. makeB. mendC. wash D. drive7. A. alwaysB. neverC. often D. usually8. A. takeB. carryC. pull D. lift9. A. questionB. wrongC. mistake D. problem 10. A. costB. getC. spend D. use6Who designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who _1_ of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most _2_? There is an answer _3_ all these questions - Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇).Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) _4_ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldnt _5_ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked. But Leonardo _6_ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became _7_ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways _8_ he was ready to paint.Many of Leonardos wonderful paintings are still with _9_ today. You may know one of his most famous works the _10_ woman known as the Mona Lisa.1. A. tookB. madeC. paintedD. invented2. A. artistsB. doctors C. painters D. people3. A. toB. of C. for D. from4. A. the scientistsB. the artistsC. the worldD. people5. A. draw B. paint C. workD. build6. A. was justB. wasnt justC. wasntD. was no longer7. A. less B. noC. even D. very8. A. before B. afterC. because D. when9. A. himB. usC. themD. you10. A. interestingB. cryingC. smilingD. surprising7Once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well. After they _1_ their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work.”At last one of them said, “Whats the use of doing this foolish work? We can _2_ fill the basket.” _3_ man answered, “That is none of your business.” The first man said. “You may do as you like, but I am not going to work at _4_ so foolish.” He _5_ his bucket and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying _6_. At last the well was almost _7_.As he poured the last bucket of water into the basket, he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up. It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came. _8_ he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You _9_ so well in this little thing,” he said, “ _10_ now I know I can believe you with many things.”1. A. finishedB. didC. beganD. had2. A. everB. neverC. easilyD. no3. A. The otherB. AnotherC. OneD. A second4. A. anything B. somethingC. nothing D. everything5. A. picked upB. put awayC. took awayD. threw away6. A. waterB. basketC. wellD. work7. A. fullB. emptyC. filledD. clean8. A. WhileB. As soon asC. BeforeD. Since9. A. have doneB. will doC. doD. are doing10. A. whatB. whyC. whenD. that8Food is very important. Everyone needs to _1_ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is _2_. We begin to get knowledge even _3_ we are very young. Small children are _4_ in everything around them. They learn _5_ while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to _6_ story books, science books, anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and _7_ to find out answers. What is the best _8_ to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get _9_ knowledge. If we are _10_ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better.1. A. sleepB. readC. drinkD. eat2. A. sportB. exerciseC. knowledgeD. meat3. A. untilB. whenC. afterD. so4. A. interested B. interestingC. weakD. better5. A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anything6. A. lendB. readC. learnD. write7. A. tryB. haveC. refuseD. wait8. A. placeB. schoolC. wayD. road9. A. littleB. fewC. manyD. the most10. A. oftenB. alwaysC. usuallyD. something 9Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is _1_ important than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is 2 itll never 3 . Thats 4 we mustnt waste time. It goes without saying that the 5 is usually limited. Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do 6_ useful. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and _7 . They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own _8 . In a word, we should save time. We shouldnt 9 todays work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to 10 .1. A. muchB. lessC. much lessD. even more2. A. costB. boughtC. goneD. finished3. A. returnB. carryC. takeD. bring4. A. whatB. thatC. becauseD. why5. A. moneyB. tim