2011年12月大学英语四级真题和答案.docx

2011年12月英语四级答案解析 作文：Nothing succeeds without a strong willThere is a prevalent joke around young people saying that quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and Ive done it for hundreds of times. This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is oftentimes started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all.It is obvious that their failure in quitting smoking and decline of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit of success. For instance, when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them.In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that where there is a will, there is a way. Let us bear this motton in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit.快速阅读 What is Integrity? .The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making lifes hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. .Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. .We must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. .But the fact that such a violation is unintentional does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. But Everybody Does It Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses: Everyone else does it, Im not hurting anyone, or I really need this grade. Excuses can get very elaborate: I know Im looking at anothers exam, even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but thats not cheating because Im just checking my answers, not copying. We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong, we cant see the real choice were making-and that leads to bad decisions. .To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rather hide your actions, thats a good indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. .Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (whats in it for me), and simply havent considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a 0 on a test or assignment; an F in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there arent many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It-Or Not .Those who dont get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesnt learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems easier. This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didnt get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions dont count and dont really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating poisons the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (If I dont cheat, I cant compete with those who do.) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but .a cheater says, Im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others. The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. .We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldnt put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, .Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nations economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 解析：1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _. A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them选择 sticks to them in their daily life定位在原文第一段，文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency)，不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则，还要每天都坚守。2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect选择 It is the basis of mutual trust.题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。定位回第二段，文中说“信任(trust)在任何关系中都是最根本的 (essential)，而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？ A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress. C. so that we dont break any rules. D. so that we dont run into trouble.选择 To ensure we make responsible choices.定位回原文第四段标红的句子，答案完全照抄原文。4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _? A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed to be unintentional. C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions选择 it is claimed to be unintentional.定位至第四段倒数第二句，文中说“无意识的(unintentional)”并不能为这一违背(violation)道德的行为开脱。5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself? A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to other peoples advice. C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.选择 Avoid making excuses定位回到第六段段首，watch out for excuses与本答案对应。6. Those who take risks they regret later on _. A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressive C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end选择 value immediate benefits most定位回到第七段二句，文章说那些人通常专注于当下的利益，与本答案对应。7. According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will _. A) pay more dearly B) become more confident C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky选择 pay more dearly定位点在八段首，看到其他三个选项大概都会笑出来。8、这题不好找，在倒数第三段中间Cheaters at exam dont care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade.本空在原文的成分是表语，故steal是动名词+ing的形式，这里空前的to是动词不定式的标志，因此steal要改为原型，未改写者不得分。9、倒数二段首句中rely on处Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples honesty and good faith.10、倒数第二段中间处Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of Watergate. 本次快速阅读选择题整体难度偏易，填空题偏难，话题幽默讽刺，意在告诉大家要做一个正直的人，考试不能作弊。短对话答案：11.W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I cant figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?M: Why dont you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?B) Go and ask the staff.12.W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the man mean?A) He fell asleep in the middle of the TV program.13.W: Airport, please. Im running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if its not the most direct.M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?B) She is worried about missing her flight.14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.M: Thank you, but I dont eat shellfish. Im allergic to it.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?A) In a restaurant15.W: Now one more question if you dont mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?M: Well, Id like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.Q: What do we learn about the man?A) He is being interviewed for a job.16.M: I dont think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I wont be surprised if you change your mind.Q: What does the woman imply?B) The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.17.M: Youre on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.W: Yeah, youre right. I always start by choosing two boarder topics when Im doing a research paper.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?D) The woman is going to make her topic more focused.18.W: This picnic should beat the last one we went to, doesnt it?M: Oh, yeah, we had to spend the whole time inside. Good thing, the weather was cooperative this time.Q: What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?长对话：19. B)He prefershot weather to cold weather。20. B)The coldhouses。21. C)Depressing。22. B)They work hard and play hard。23. B)French24. C)Careersguidance。25. A)Itspleasant environment。Passage 126. C) The art of Japanese brush painting27. B) To enhance concentration。28. A) How listeners in different cultures showrespectPassage 229. B) Buying and maintain equipment。30. D) Two of his employees committed theft。31. B) Advancement to a higher position。32. D) She is competing with Chris for the newjob。Passage 333.A)They helpus see the important values of a culture。34 B) The values they reflect may change。35. What do we learn from the study of proverbs from around the world?Section CCompound DictationOur lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own（36）company, I no longer imagine I can get through a （37）single day much less all my life，（38）completely on my own. Even if I am on（39） vacation in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has（40） sewn from cloth woven by others, using （41）electricity someone else is distributing to my house. （42）Evidence of interdependence is everywhere; we are on this （43）journey together.As I was growing up,（44） I remember being carefully taught that independence not interdependence was everything. “Make your own way”,” Stand on your own two feet” or my mothers favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: Now that youve made your bed, lie on it.Total independence is a dominant thing in our culture. I imagine that （45）what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibilities for my actions and my choices. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural imagines. And instead, I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally independent and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.（47）I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.选词填空With the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure and jobs. Underlying all this (47) will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a (48), sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nations energy security, and will be one of the major (49) of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few are (50) being funded and developed, and will play a growing (51) in the worlds energy supply. But experts say that even when ()52, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the worlds needs by 2050.For example, even with (53) investments, such as $93 million for wind energy development (54) in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels (55) only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of (56) both traditional and alternative.首先将15个备选词标上词性：A. stable (a.) I. exactly (ad.)B. solutions (n.) J. consist (v.)C. significant (a.) K. comprise (v.)D. role (n.) L. competitions (n.)E. progress (n.) M. combined (v.)F. marvelous (a.) N. challenges (n.)G. included (v.) O. certainly (a.)H. growth (n.) 47、根据this确定此空必然填一单数名词，15词中D/E/H备选，E/H相似，其中必有一个答案，前文所说人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增长”来指代，而不能说是进步；故选择H.growth，根据相似原则，E和H可以一起划去。48、本空与后面的sustainable并列，于是需要填一个形容词，与“可持续”的意象相近的选项为A.stable（稳定的）。49、本空前面为形容词major, 于是这里需要填入名词，之前还有one of，于是填入复数名词，在N与B中选。本句主语是“找寻”某资源，所以这被概括为一种挑战更为恰当，因此选择N.challenges。50、本空所在句不缺任何成分，并且其还出现在被动语态be动词和实义动词之间，所以必然填入副词，I和O中O.certainly更为符合。51、空前a growing表明此处填名词，再往前看有个动词play，因此填入D.role构成习语play a role52、所在半句中除了when只有一个空，所以这空必然是非谓语动词作状语，选择M.combined，表示“即使当所有资源结合被使用时，这些替代资源也只能解决人类在2050年对能源需求的30%。”53、空后Investments为名词，此处填入形容词，剩下形容词中只有C.significant可表示可观的、大量的，形容投资非常多。F项与其含义接近，根据相似原则，也可以一并划除。54、本空出现在名词development之后，整句在such as所引导的例子里，本应为一整个名词性结构，而其后又有专有名词ARRA，于是此处应填入非谓语动词作development的后置定语，剩下词中只有G.included这一个。55、空后有明显语言标志1%，因此这里应该选择表示组成、构成、占有的K.comprise, 根据相似原则，J也可以排除。56、此处在a lot of之