2012年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案.doc

一、 词汇选项： 本部分为l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1、Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,”joe,joe,joe!”A、jumpedB.repeatedC.maintainedD.approached2、What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.A. confusesB. shocksC. influencesD.concerns3.The storm caused severe damage.A.physicalB.accidentalC.environmentalD.serious4.Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.A.offerB.modernizeC.provideD.fund5.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely6.A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A.watchedB.gatheredC.shoutedD.walked7.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A . needB.hateC.loveD.pity8.All the flats in the building had the same layout.A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function9.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy10.He inspired many young people to take up the sport.A.allowedB.calledC.advisedD.encouraged11.I think 7 for a drink is a bit steep,dont you?A.tightB.highC.lowD.cheap12.Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.A.bringB.keepC.serveD.digest13.The city centre was wiped out by the bomb.A.destoryedB.coveredC.reducedD.moved14.The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new15.Do we have to wear these name tags?A.listsB.labelsC.formsD.codes参考答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.A 15.B二、阅读判断：短文后列出7个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big ShakesIn the first week of November 2011,people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude（量）5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and scared many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.Researchers at the US Geological Survey（USGS）estimate that several million earthquakes occur globally each year. That may sound scary, but people dont feel many of them because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude.Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers（地震仪）. These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations（震颤）produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20000 earthquakes each year.Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earths tectonic plates（构造板块）.Thctonic plates are huge pieces of Earths crust（外壳）, sometimes many kilometers thick. Often, edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates push and scrape（擦）past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly-bout the same speed as your fingernails grow.But sometimes earthquakes rumble（轰轰作响）through portions of the landscape far from a plates edges. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” small earthquakes can be stantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned18. Few earthquakes happen without peoples awareness.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest”mid-plate” one in history.A. Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned参考答案：A、A、B、C、A、B、B三、概括大意与完成句子：有2项测试任务：(1)短文后有6个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子。Learn about Noble Gases（惰性气体）1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called hellum（氦）. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases. 2 People once belleved that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases（惰性气体）. They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. 3 The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while Radon is the heaviest. 4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. 5 because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient. 23. paragraph 2_ 24. paragraph 3_ 25. paragraph 4_ 26. paragraph 5_ A. How were noble gases discovered? B. what is the periodic table? C. what are the applications of noble gases? D. How were noble gases understood in the past? E.What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? F. What are noble gases? 27. Noble gases are not very chemically . 28. Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the . 29. The required number of electrons in noble gasesouter shell is . 30. MRI may make operating on the patient . A. complete B. reactive C.unnecessary D. flammable E. important F. lightes参考答案：D 、F 、E 、C 、 B 、 F 、A 、C四、阅读理解：本部分为3篇文章，每篇300450词，每篇文章后有5道题。要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。第一篇 Gross National HappinessIn the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A king. B. A president. C. A Buddhist priest. D. A general.32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its population grow. B. To keep its traditions and customs.C. To keep it separate from the world.D. To encourage its people to get rich.33. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. spending more money.B. spending less money.C. providing more jobs.D. selling more products.34. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new technology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more money.35. Today many countries are A. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness. 参考答案：ABDCD四、文中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，其中5组取自文章本身。要求应试者根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其放回相应位置，以恢复文章原貌。Voice Your Opinion: Change Is Needed in Youth SportsEverywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet (网球拍). And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition.Its true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun.Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children dont even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. (49)The third, and biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friendsin short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. (50) Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.Need to remember the purpose of youth sports to give kids a chance to have developing strong, healthy bodies.A.But what about the others, the average kids?B.The youth soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.C.A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children concentrate on one sport.D.Very young kids dont know why their parents are pushing them so hard.E.Sports for children have two important purposes.F.Many of them completely lose interest in sports. 参考答案：ACFEB五、完型填空：文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案。Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities【气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险】A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 51 developmentShe warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely suffer from the 52 of changing climateHer work also concludes that most cities are failing to 53 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasesThese gases are known to affect the atmosphere ”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound 54 to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents.Cities are 55 sources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 56 The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater 57 for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot