非谓语动词(含高考真题)

非谓语动词Non predicateVerbs 高考语法复习系列 一什么叫非谓语动词 与谓语动词有什么区别 二非谓语动词有哪些 有哪些具体的不同形式 三不同的非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么 四非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分 要点知识检查及重难点强调与提醒 一 什么叫非谓语动词 与谓语动词有什么区别 非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词 Atlast wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand downtoeatourpicniclunch 2005上海 A sittingB havingsatC tositD sat D Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices A areboughtB boughtC havebeenboughtD buying B 非谓语 不定式 todo 过去分词 ed ing分词 ed分词 二非谓语动词有哪些 非谓语动词有哪些不同的形式 动词不定式 过去分词 tobedone tohavebeendone beingdone havingbeendone 及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成 个别动词的过去分词只表示完成 多数为不及物动词 主动形式 被动形式 todo tohavedone doing havingdone 不定式除一般式 完成式以外还有 进行式 done ing分词 三非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 在谓语表示的动作之后 与谓语表示的动作同时发生 在谓语表示的动作之前 todo tobedone todo tobedone tobedoing doing beingdone done tohavedone tohavebeendone havingdone havingbeendone 四非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分 不定式和ing分词均能作主语 二者有何区别 1 表示某一具体的动作时 多用不定式 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的 多用动名词 2 动名词作主语时通常位于句首 不定式作主语时常置于句末 用it作形式主语放在句首 1 Smokingisprohibited 禁止 here 2 Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch 抽象 具体 Seeingisbelieving Toseeistobelieve 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词 应保持形式上的一致 1 It snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp A TohaveB HavinghadC HaveD Having2 Infact isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch A thisB thatC thereD it D D 下列句型中常用动名词作主语 Itis was nouse good notanyuse good oflittleuse good useless doingsth 不定式和动名词都可作宾语 有何区别 2 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语 3 有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语 意义上无多大区别 4 有些动词后既可以跟不定式 又可以跟动名词作宾语 但意义上有明显差别 1 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语 1 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语 如 manage promise pretend plan offer agree ask dare choose fail help 帮助 want 想要 refuse等 2 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语 如 practise appreciate dislike excuse forgive keep resist risk deny advise fancy complete forbid permit allow stand referto giveup leadto taketo setabout getdownto objectto succeedin havedifficultyin 1 Ican tstand withJaneinthesameoffice Shejustrefuses talkingwhilesheworks A working stoppingB towork stoppingC working tostopD towork tostop2 Hegotwell preparedforthejobinterview forhecouldn trisk thegoodopportunity A toloseB losingC tobelostD beinglost C B 3 有些动词如begin start love like hate prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语 意义上无多大区别 但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为 不定式表示具体的行为 Ilike verymuch butIdon tlike thisafternoon A swimming swimmingB toswim toswimC swimming toswimD toswim swimming C LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethiseveningA tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking如果like love prefer前有would should 后面则应该接动词不定式 A A wouldlike还有哪些用法 思考 下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢 OnlythendidIbegin see shewasreallygoodtome Themomenthereturnedhome Iwasstarting beginning cook supper Thewaterbegan freeze 4 有些动词后既可以跟不定式 又可以跟动名词作宾语 但意义上有明显差别 讨论 有哪些单词或短语 goon stop remember regret todo doingcan thelptodo doingbeusedtodo doing getusedtodoing usedtodo Childrenshouldbeallowed theirowndecisions A makingB tomakeC makeD havingmade B Myadvisorencouraged asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills A formetakingB metakingC formetotakeD metotake D 1 能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有 ask advise tell force get allow want wish like hate prefer intend expect encourage persuade permit request order warn cause等 使役动词 感官动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语 和带to的不定式作主语补足语 常见的使役动词有make let have等 感官动词有see hear watch observe notice feel以及lookat listento等 翻译 你宁愿让谁和你一起去 3 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同 Iheardher sing anEnglishsongjustnow Iheardher sing anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday IheardtheEnglishsong sing manytimes 4 IheardtheEnglishsong sing whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday sing singing sung beingsung 不定式 ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语 主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义 不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有 动宾关系 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者 如果不定式是不及物动词 就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是 现在分词表示主动 进行之意 过去分词表示被动与完成 而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作 例如 Thequestion discuss atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance Thequestion discuss atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance Thequestion discuss atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance discussed beingdiscussed tobediscussed 注 ing分词作定语有时意义不同 flyingfish飞鱼arunningdog走狗afallingtide落潮acryingboy哭着的孩子arunningmachineaswimmingpoolawaitingroomawalkingstickafishingpoleareadingroom 能作状语的有不定式 现在分词和过去分词 作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义 Practise1 When heat waterwillbechangedintovapour While heat water wecanchangeitintovapour 2 see fromthehill thecitylooksbeautiful see fromthehill youwillfindthecitybeautiful 3 Generallyspeaking when take accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect If take thedrugaccordingtothedirections youwillbebettersoon heated heating Seen Seeing taken taking 分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时 其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致 如果不一致 需在分词前加一个逻辑主语 分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句 1 Beinganorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 2 Hebeinganorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly 3 Ashewasanorphan thenursetreatedhimkindly F T T Trueorfalse 现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别1 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld NMET1998 A makingB makesC makeD tomake2 Hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft 2005广东 A tofindB findingC foundD tohavefound现在分词作结果状语往往表示 正常出现的 自然而然的或意料之中 的结果 不定式作结果状语时通常表示 偶然的 出乎意料的 一种结果 A A 动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示 身份 职业 等 这时主语与表语位置可以互换 Themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs Ourworkisservingthepeople 表示心理状态的动词如excite interest等都是及物动词 汉语注解不是 激动 高兴 而是 使得激动 使高兴 因而现在分词应该是 令人激动的 令人高兴的 过去分词则是 感到激动的 和 感到高兴的 所以 凡表示 令人 的 都是 ing形式 凡是表示 感到 都用 ed形式 换句话说 若人对 感兴趣 就是somebodyisinterestedin 若人 物本身有趣时 就是sb sth isinteresting 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格 名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成 1 LiPing s Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply 2 Iappreciateyour you LiPing s LiPingcomingtoseeme 3 Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch 4 Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam 动名词结构作宾语 其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可 动名词结构作主语 其逻辑主语用所有格 逻辑主语是无生命名词时 只用普通格 以 s结尾的名词 只用普通格 1 Iwouldappreciate backthisafternoon A youtocallB youcallC yourcallingD you recalling2 madehermotherveryangry A MarymarryingJimB Mary smarriedJimC Mary smarryingJimD Mary sbeingmarriedJim C C 3 Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto A thethiefhavingcaughtB catchthethiefC thethiefbeingcaughtD thethieftobecaught4 Thenoiseof couldbeheardoutinthestreet A desksopeningandclosingB desksopenedandclosedC desksbeingopenedandclosedD desks beingopenedandclosed C C 独立主格结构 练习 造一个含有独立主格结构的句子 Allflights becauseofthesnowstorm wedecidedtotakethetrain A werecanceledB hadbeencanceledC havingcanceledD havingbeencanceled2 foralongtime mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater A BeingnorainB TherewasnorainC TobenorainD Therebeingnorain3 Everything intoconsideration theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtotheirpositions A totakeB takenC tobetakenD taking D D B II 巩固练习 07高考真题检测 1 Comeon pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject Sorry Withsomuchwork mymind Ialmostbreakdown 07福建卷 A filledB fillingC tofillD beingfilled2 Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner andwithhiswork hegladlyacceptedit 07安徽卷 finishedB finishingC havingfinishedD wasfinished3 Robertisindeedawiseman Oh yes HowoftenIhaveregretted hisadvice 07安徽卷 A totakeB takingC nottotakeD nottaking 4 ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle 07浙江卷 A tobeheardB tohaveheardC hearingD beingheard5 byagreaterdemandforvegetables farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses 07浙江卷 A DrivenB BeingdrivenC TodriveD Havingdriven6 Asthelightturnedgreen Istoodforamoment not andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo 07湖南卷 movedB movingC tomoveD beingmoved 7 Things nevercomeagain Icouldn thelptalkingtomyself 07湖南卷 lostB losingC toloseD havelost8 Pleaseremain untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop 07山东卷 toseatB tobeseatedC seatingD seated 9 Atthebeginningofclass thenoiseofdesks couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom 07全国卷II A openedandclosedB tobeopenedandclosedC beingopenedandclosedD toopenandclose10 Peterreceivedaletterjustnow hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon 07四川卷 A saidB saysC sayingD tosay11 HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity foradegreeincomputerscience 07北京 studiedB studyingC tohavestudiedD tobestudying 12 Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool theirlessons fortheday 07重庆卷 finishingB finishedC hadfinishedD werefinished13 Ismellsomething inthekitchen CanIcallyoubackinaminute 07全国I burningB burntC beingburntD tobeburnt14 Whenaskedwhyhewentthere hesaidhewassentthere foraspaceflight 07江西卷 trainingB beingtrainedC tohavetrainedD tobetrained 15 CanIsmokehere Sorry Wedon tallow here 07江苏卷 A peoplesmokingB peoplesmokeC tosmokeD smoking16 Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem inhislectures 07江苏卷 A interestedB interestingC interestD tointerest17 Asaresultoftheseriousflood two thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea 07陕西卷 A needrepairingB needstorepairC needsrepairingD needtorepair 19 Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance inthenaturallightduringtheday 07天津卷 A toletB lettingC letD havinglet20 Afteraknockatthedoor thechildheardhismother svoice him 07上海卷 A callingB calledC beingcalledD tocall 21 TheTownHall inthe1800 swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime 07上海卷 A tobecompletedB havingbeencompletedC completedD beingcompleted 08高考真题检测 1 08全国卷I 26 Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer Themorningairissogood A tobebreathedB tobreatheC breathingD beingbreathed2 08全国卷II 12 Thedirectorhadherassistant somehotdogsforthemeeting A pickedupB picksupC pickupD pickingup3 08北京卷 24 thatshewasgoingofftosleep Iaskedifshe dlikethatlittledollonherbed A SeeingB ToseeC SeeD Seen 4 08北京卷 31 Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded Yes But it Ihadtoreadtheentirebook A tofindB findC tofindingD finding5 08北京卷 32 Ifeelgreatlyhonored intotheirsociety A towelcomeB welcomingC tobewelcomedD welcomed6 08北京卷 35 Itisworthconsideringwhatmakes convenience foodssopopular and betteronesofyourown A introducesB tointroduceC introducingD introduced 7 08上海春卷 32 Asanewdriver Ihavetopractise thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagainA parkingB toparkC parkedD park8 08上海春卷 34 Duetotheheavyrainandflooding tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced theirhomesA leavingB toleaveC tobeleftD beingleft9 08上海春卷 38 Throughouthistory thelanguage byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA speakingB spokenC tospeakD tobespoken 10 08上海春卷 39 Ifwehaveillegalimmigrants in manylocalworkerswilllosetheirjobsA cameB comingC tocomeD havingcome11 08上海卷 30 Mysister aninexperiencedrider wasfoundsittingonthebicycle tobalanceit A havingtriedB tryingC totryD tried12 08上海卷 33 Ifthere salotofwork Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished A todoB tobedoingC doneD doing 13 08上海卷 35 Somethingassimpleas somecoldwatermayclearyourmindorrelievepressure A todrinkB drinkingC tobedrinkingD drunk14 08上海卷 37 Ideally forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue theNewYorkParkisafavouritewithmanyguests A locatingB beinglocatedC havingbeenlocatedD located15 08天津卷 04 theirhatsintotheair thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory A TothrowB ThrownC ThrowingD Beingthrown 16 08重庆卷 29 toreachthemonthephone wesentanemailinsteadA FailB FailedC TofailD Havingfailed17 08辽宁卷 27 Hewasbusywritingastory only onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette A tostopB stoppingC tohavestoppedD havingstopped18 08辽宁卷 31 Pleaseremain thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon A seatingB seatedC toseatD tobeseated19 08山东卷 35 Lucy snewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade intherestaurant A workingB workC toworkD worked 20 08江苏卷 29 Theyarequiet aren tthey Yes Theyareaccustomed atmeals A totalkB tonottalkC totalkingD tonottalking21 08江苏卷 34 TolearnEnglishwell weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish asmuchaswecan A speak B speakingC spokenD tospeak22 08江西卷 24 Ihearthey vepromotedTom buthedidn tmention whenwetalkedonthephone A topromoteB havingbeenpromotedC havingpromotedD tobepromoted 23 08江西卷 28 Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime A allowingB toallowC allowedD allows24 08安徽卷 30 inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring A Towalk B WalkingC WalkedD Havingwalked25 08浙江卷 10 thathewasingreatdanger Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest A NotrealizedB NottorealizeC NotrealizingD Nottohaverealized26 08浙江卷 13 Itisoneofthefunniestthings ontheInternetsofarthisye