高二英语《主谓一致》教案.doc

教师版本复旦名师家教精品小班课程辅导讲义讲义编号 秋季08YY02 辅导科目： English 年级： 高二课 题主谓一致授课时间：12月6日课次：12教学目标Learning points1 了解主谓语一致的用法考点2 词汇1 想要做某事 intend to do2不能帮助做某事 canhelp to da3忍不住做某事cant help doing4 做某事有困难 have difficulty in doing5做某事没有用 there is no use in doing6 做某事没有意义 there is o point in doing7与形成对比 in contrast to8面对in face of9尽管，虽然in spite of10万一，以防in case of教学内容主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.1、 语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700. MaryandKellylookalike. 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. 2、意义上一致 （1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 Thecrowdwereruningfortheirlives. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。 （2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenewsisveryexciting. 形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。 3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最*近它的词语。如果连词or、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与*近它的主语一致。 EitheryouorIammad.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致1）当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.2）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书)thiskindofmen的谓语用单数，menofthiskind的谓语用复数， Thiskindofmenisdangerous. Menoftheiskind/sortaredangerous4 谓语需用单数1） 代词each，主语中含有each, every, 或由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，谓语需用单数。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary.2） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。3） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1） 在关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致, 代词none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。指物用单数，指人用复数。 All is right. (一切顺利。) All are present.(所有人都到齐了。)He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard2） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。 His family isnt very large.他家不是一个大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。Are there any police around?3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。1.There_ a desk, a table and three chairs in the room.A. has B. have C. is D. are2. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess ten years ago._ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B. was; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is3.My family _not large, but my family _ all music lovers.A. is are B. areis C. isis D. areare 4.The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased this term. A number of teachers in our college _ from the countryside. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is5.She as well as the other students _ how to type. A. have learned B. has learned C. learn D. are learning6.More than one student _ been sent to Japan since 2000. More than one hundred students _ been sent to Japan since 2000. A. have; have B. has; has C. have; has D. has; have7.Two hours _enough for us. A. are B. have C. were D. is8.He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time. A. has come; have come B. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come9.The professor and writer _coming to make a report.The professor and the writer _come to make a report.A. ishave B. arehas C. isare D. areis10.The police _ searching for the thief everywhere. The policeman _ searching for the thief everywhere. A. was; was B. has been; has been C. are ; is D. have; is11.Every boy and every girl _ a new book.A. are given B. is given C. has given D. have given12.Each of us _ a dictionary of this kind. We each _ a dictionary of this kind. A. has; have B. have ; have C. has; has D. have ; has 13. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our monitor said. A. is; are B. are ; are C. are; is D. is; is14. The young _ happy to give their seats to the old. A. is B. are C. has D. have15. Over sixty percent of the city _ destroyed in the war.Thirty-five percent of the doctors _ women.A. was; was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was16.The shoes _ mine. This pair of shoes _ my brothers.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are17.Large quantities of cotton _ shipped all over the world already. A large quantity of bamboo _ used for pipes to carry water.A. has been; are B. has been; is C. have been; is D. have been; are 18.Setting fire to the public buildings _ highly dangerous and forbidden by law.A. are B. is C. has D. were19. The only means to achieve success _ to appeal to arms. A. is B. are C. were D. have A. is B. are C. has D. have20. Whisky and soda _ always his favourite drink. A. are B. is C. be D. were答案与解析：1. C. “there be+并列主语”和“here be +并列主语”结构中的谓语形式一般应与并列主语中的第一个主语的数一致。2. B. 由eitheror, neithernor, not only but (also), notbut连接两个作主语用的名词或代词时，谓语动词采取就近一致的原则。3. A. 集体名词family, team, class, army, enemy, group 等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如强调一个个的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。4. B. The number of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。5. B. n + as well as, with, together with, but, except, rather than等+ n，谓语动词和前面的第一个n一致。 6. D. more than + 复数名词作主语，谓语用复数； more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 many +复数名词作主语，谓语用复数; many a + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。7. D. 当时间，距离和金钱用作主语时，通常被看成是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 8. B. 定语从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。one of + n who + 复数谓语；the (only) one +n who + 单数谓语。9. A. 两个或两个以上的并列主语由and 连接时，如果表示不同概念谓语动词用复数；如果表示同一概念谓语动词用单数。10. C. people, police, cattle等作主语时谓语动词用复数。11. B. Every + n and every +n ; Each + n and each +n ; No + n and no +n 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。12. A. each of + 复数代词作主语，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each作主语，谓语动词用复数。13. C. all 作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。14. B. “the+ 形容词/-ed分词”，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一类事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The good in him outweighs the bad.15. B. 分数（百分数）/ all / some / none / half / most+ of + n 做主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词来确定。16. A. 英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常是以-s结尾，如shoes, scissors(剪子)，pincers(钳子)，glasses(眼镜），shorts(短裤)，trousers(裤子)，suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词，如果不带一把、一副、一条等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数。例如：如果带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。 例如：One pair of scissors isnt enough.17. C. A large quantity of + 可数名词复数形式/ 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；Large quantities of +可数名词复数形式/ 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。18. B. 不定式、-ing形式短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 注意：当what引导的从句作主语，且表语为名词时，谓语动词的数常由表语的数来决定。19. A. 英语中一些形复意单的名词，如：news, means, politics, physics, maths, the United States等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称、通常作复数用。20. B. 用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(抹黄油的面包)，knife and fork(刀叉)，等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home.A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China _ larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have10. Every means _ tried but without any result.A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being13. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old menC.is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have15. A large number of students in our class_ girls.A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn t change B.dont change C.change D.changed17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao s works _ published.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is19. A chemical works_ built there.A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been20. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were22.He is the only one of die students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C. have been D.has been24.Many a man _ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are25.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are26. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching27.Your trousers_ dirty.You must have_ washed.A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them28.This pair of trouseis _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were29. One and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have30. Eight times eight _ sixty - four.A.is B.are C.get D.equal31 .Ten minutes_ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes32._of the money_ nm out.A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has beenC. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have33. The whole class _ the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening toC.are listening D. is listening34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which_ more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were35. Between the two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are36. Large quantities of water _ for irrigation.A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need37. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B.was C.are D.all38.What we need_ good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has39. What you said just now_ the matter we are discussing.A.have something to at B. has something to do withC.had something to do with D.has been something to do with40. More than one member _ against the plan.A. is B.are C.has D.have41. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. has not decided B. is not decidedC. are not decided D. have not decided42. Half of the fruit _ bad.A. are B. has C. is D. have43. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is44. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be45. My family _ small.A. isB. wereC. areD. makes46. The fo