江苏省高考英语-专题检测卷(二十七)任务型阅读.doc

任务型阅读(建议用时: 20分钟)1(2013徐州模拟)The Nature of StressWe are often faced with stresses that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers(溃疡)than is the “executive”. Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance. People make various attempts to deal with their stressremoving the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies(策略). Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress. Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses. Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students coping strategies at three time periodstwo days before a midterm examination; a week later two days before the grades were announced; and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studyinga guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support. Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response. In contrast people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to diseases. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people. People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating. Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it. The Nature of Stress(1)makes peoplemore stressedEvents that cant be(2)are more stressful. Events that are(3)will make animals or people more stressed. How to(4)stressRemove the cause of the stress. (5)to friends for help. Reinterpret the situation. Do something to change the problem(6)causes the stress. Regulate our distressing emotional responses. Effects of social supportSupport and protection from society make people feel less(7). Strong social ties make people both physically and(8)healthy. Types of social supportAppraisal support(9)evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. Informational support gives advice about how to deal with the problem. Instrumental support provides material goods or services to get(10)the stress. 2(2013淮安模拟)Get over self-consciousnessEver got stressed out because you werent sure what youd say at that morning meeting? Worried about what youd look like after squeezing into last years bathing suit? Uneasy to speak to a stranger in the street when you wanted to ask the way? Afraid of making a mistake in class? All these show that you are self-conscious. Self-consciousnessthe action of easily feeling nervous in public because of shynesskeeps us fighting the battle to control our self-image. But always worrying about our shortcomings, unavoidably traps us in embarrassment and shame. You feel that you are a loser or a failure, unsuccessful at your career or in your life. The difference between embarrassment and shame is slight but significant, and the distinction is extremely important for building a protective covering of self-respect. When we introduce one of our friends to a colleague and forget his or her name, its an embarrassing blow to our image, because we think others are viewing us in a negative light. If there are enough embarrassing moments, we begin viewing ourselves badly, then our self-image breaks down and we feel that heavy weight of shame. Creating a strong support of success in our lives is one way to end the terrible trap of embarrassment and shame. Successfully completing a difficult project at work builds confidence and leads to future success. Similarly, a satisfying relationship is a prideful accomplishment and helps motivate us to seek other such connections, and make us feel unembarrassed and unashamed and, even feel successful. But how do we take that first brave step away from self-consciousness in order to feel like(and at last become)a success? Kill the situations that will lead to shame before they become a threat, advises David Allyn, Ph. D. , a Harvard-trained social scientist and visiting scholar at Columbia Universitys Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy. His book, I Cant Believe I Just Did That, includes a few pointers: Be on time. Punctuality creates self-discipline and impresses both others and yourself. Its a healthy habit that keeps you calm about the clock. Stick to the facts. Youre bound to get caught lying, so why bother? Lies just set you up with unnecessary opportunities to feel ashamed. Cut the gossip. Comments made behind your back hurt and make you angry, and dont forget how you feel about those who talked about you. Dont get involved in any meaningless talk where chances to realize a dream or accomplish an aim might be missed. Keep your word. It feels good to be considered reliable, so honor your word no matter what the reasons are for disregarding them. Remember, a promise is a promise. Recover gracefully(优雅地)to avoid the feeling of shame. If the damage is already done and you find yourself at the tail end of an embarrassing situation, you can still avoid that feeling of shame by recovering gracefully. Dont attack in defense or lie to cover your tracksyoull just end up feeling worse and likely complicate a relationship that doesnt need complicating. Try laughing it off or explaining why you made the mistake. Also, dont leave a social situation simply to avoid the people you made a mishap(小事故; 小错误)in front ofavoidance will leave you feeling further ashamed and separated from others. Remember: people tend to forget others mistakes and worry about their own. 答案解析11. 【解析】What。此题属于概括性词汇。本题考查学生对表格右栏信息的概括能力。表格右栏说明“哪些事件会使人感到更为紧张”。此题的What从第4题前的How也可得到暗示。2. 【解析】controlled。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中第一段“uncontrollable events are particularly stressful”的理解和运用。原文的形容词uncontrollable在此转换成谓语动词cant be controlled。3. 【解析】uncertain。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中第二段“Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. ”的理解和运用的能力。此题的Events that are uncertain就是uncertain events。4. 【解析】handle/approach。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第三段“deal with their stress”的理解和运用。此处的deal with相当于handle/approach。注意: solve/settle(解决)不符合文意。5. 【解析】Turn。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中第三段“seeking the support of friends”的理解和运用。“寻求朋友的支持”即“向朋友求助”。6. 【解析】that/which。此题属于句型转换。本题考查学生对定语从句与非谓语动词之间的转换能力。文中第三段是the problem causing the stress, 此处当然是the problem that/which causes the stress。7. 【解析】lonely。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查考生对文中第五段“short-term loneliness is associated with. . . ”的理解和概括的能力, 换句话说, 来自社会的支持和保护会使人感到不太孤独。此处用形容词lonely作feel的表语。8. 【解析】mentally/emotionally。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中第五段“Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support”的理解和运用。原句用形容词emotional修饰名词support, 此处用副词emotionally或mentally修饰形容词healthy。9. 【解析】helps。此题属于转换词汇中的词形转换。本题考查学生对文中最后一段“People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate”的理解和运用的能力。在此题中appraisal support作主语, 故此空填谓语动词helps。注意主谓一致。10. 【解析】over。此题属于转换词汇中的词组转换。本题考查学生对文中最后一段“providing material goods or services to overcome the stress”的理解和运用。overcome可以转换成get over。21. 【解析】public。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第三段“Self-consciousnessthe action of easily feeling nervous in public. ”的信息识别的能力。2. 【解析】lead/contribute。此题属于转换词汇中的句型转换。本题考查学生对文中第三段“But always worrying about our shortcomings, unavoidably traps us in embarrassment and shame. ”的理解和概括的能力。此题将traps us in embarrassment and shame转换成will lead/contribute to embarrassment。3. 【解析】unsuccessful/fail/lose。此题属于原文词汇。本题考查学生对文中第三段末尾“You feel that you are a loser or a failure, unsuccessful at your career or i