U 1 Writing for Myself.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除U 1 Writing for MyselfLead-in.I. Your Experience of Learning English (discuss in groups )1. Reasons to love EnglishNeutral Reasons to hate English1. No reason- Personal hobby,fun , interest2. To increase global understandingbridge between cultures, communicate with foreigners, globalization, the ability to deal with world affairsA different language is a different vision of life. - Federico Fellini, Italian film director3. To improve employment potentialgood job, good salary（- The quickest way to double your money is to fold it in half and put it back in your pocket.）, increase the chance of job or competition4. To improve chances of entry into college or graduate school5. fashion 6. dont wanna lag behind, self-esteem7. study abroad8. work abroad and earn foreigners money9. To appreciate international literature, music, and filmBible, ancient Greek mythology etc10. To make travel more feasible and enjoyable11. To increase understanding of oneself and ones own cultureKnowing another language and culture affords you the unique opportunity of seeing yourself and your own culture from an outside perspective. 12. To make lifelong friends13. useful for my work Eg. my big boss is a german guy,I must answer his question in English!14. means more opportunity15. learn the value of hard work.1. To learn for leanings sake2. Everybody is learning , so I am learning.3. Im not good in maths , so i learning English.4. English is a very popular language.5. I like surfing in the websites, lots ofstuffsin English6. I dont like English at all. Every day i want to give up English, however there is still something force me to stick to it. Maybe its the pressure.Tips If you find yourself saying But I cant speak English., try adding the word .yet - Jane Revell & Susan Norman TeachWhenever you feel like saying Yes, but., try saying instead Yes, and.rs open the door, but you must enter by yourself. - Chinese Proverb i have studied English for 16 years ,i cant open my mouth. but i cannot give up ,because Im 骑虎难下have a wolf by the ears?In a dilemma 一位在美的留學生，想要考國際駕照。 在考試時因為過於緊張，看到地上標線是向左轉。他不放心的問道:turn left？ 監考官回答：right.於是他立刻向右轉。 很抱歉他只有下次再來。 某人刻苦學習英語，終有小成。 一日上街不慎与一老外相撞，忙說：i am sorry. 老外應道：i am sorry too. 某人聽後又道：i am sorry three. 老外不解，問：what are you sorry for? 某人無奈，道：i am sorry five. 1 English is useless when out of school2 hate English teacher3 No way to practice regularly4 Long lists of vocabulary to memorize5 Illogical Grammar Rules6 no taste for language7 Pronunciation Difficulties8 Not Enough Available Resources9 Foreign Travel is Too Expensive10 each road to Roman, no need to take the trouble11 It sounds like English, but I cant understand a damn word youre saying.12 The fact that no one understands you doesnt mean youre an artist.2. discuss the ways that can help us love English Can we share your difficult, strange, funny, stupid, good, bad things about learning English?beneficial, feasible, and rewarding1 Interest is the best teacher-motivation, lustcuriosity Patience-perseverance (no shortcuts, but have effective skills), certain pressure 2 Dull Repetition (A story of a man .He paid a favorite reward to a foreign friend daily just for accompanying him on watching movie .The only way the foreign friend need to do is to solve the questions he come up with. As for a usual person ,its a quite ideal job, cause you dont have to do anything just relax and have a nice movie time. But guess what? the foreign guy quit the nice job after a month . in fact, the whole month ,the movie they watched was the same one .And consequently, the man improved a lot through asking and replying from his foreign friend .SO be insistence on learning. and youll gain a lot )3 Perfect practice makes perfect. 4 The best way is to use it. (write diary every day in English, or built English Blog; take every chance to speak up (English Corner, English Salon, Online chatting); perform in class (presentation)5 The experience from others (to learn and to be inspired)6 Build the confidencefrom myself, teachers or others, 7 Desire to communicate with foreigners, to know different cultures8 learn from Funsoap opera ,movies& movie lines/subtitles (watch movies, have pen and book ready. If see the sentence that you dont understand, write down that sentence you can watch this kind of movies with the English subtitles or without seeing the screen, just guess what the actors or the actresses have spoken. If you cant understand well, you can listen to them again and again until you get it.word games (such as scrabble, crosswords, pun etc) This is the way to build up yourvocabulary. Read funny stories or articles; read original essays or articles,or news ( learn grammar from it; find more oral materials)Recite nice essay- new concept English (recommended)Music(learn lyrics, rhythm) If you feel bored about reading articles, there is another way to expose to English, that is listening to music.radioMagzines and NewspaperrEnlish jokesculture cultural obstacles (thinking ways, customs, Bible, Ancient Greek mythology etc)9 imitation10 learn to use the tools: dictionary, Search what you dont understand Internet 3. 1) Do you think it useful to learn English with the help of some strategies?2) What strategies do you think can be employed in English learning?Suggested Strategies:1. Making your own opportunities for practice in using tha language inside and outside the classroom.Specific ways: 1) Asking your teacher questions before, during and after class. 2) Speak to a foreigner. 3) Listen to an English radio program 4) Watch an English movie. 5) Read an English article on the Internet. 6) Use English software2. Being willing to mistake in order to learn or communicate.The difference of English learning High School Grammar(if havent grasped yet, youd better study it after classes)Teacher teachIs controlled by othersCollegeWords and articlesTeacherguideSelf studyII Language Points 1. off and on (or on and off): from time to time; now and again; irregularly p1L1e.g. -It has been raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel damp. - As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.2. possibility : n. State of being possible; (degree of) likelihood(usu. Followed by of or that- clause)P1 L3e.g.- Is there any possibility of life on Mars - They havent arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road.3. take hold: become established P1 L3e.g. -The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families. - 老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟.Old habits die hard. Thats why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.4. turn out: P1 L5 1) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. 2)prove to be 3) shut off 4)produce; make Match the above definitions with the sentences below.e.g - A large group of protesters have turned out. - The school has turned out some great scholars. -Turn out the light before you go to bed. - The plan turned out a failure. - We are to turn out 100,000,586 computers next year to meet the market requirements. -The experiment turned out to be a success. - Crowds turned out for the procession.5.anticipate: vt. expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause) P2 L8 e.g.-The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers.-他们预料到2005年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。 They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005.N.B. 该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。e.g. - We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform. - We anticipate hearing from you again.6.reputation: (an) opinion (about sb. or. sth.) held by others P2 L9 have a reputation for. e.g. - Former Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation in the world as a statesman(政治家). -Jim Kerry has quite a reputation for being comic.7. severe: adj. P2 L11 1) completely plaine.g.-The widow wore a severe black dress to her husbands funeral. -海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。 Hemingway is known for his severe writing style. 2) stern; stricte.g. - Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force. - Fu Lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry. 3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.e.g. - The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack - 工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。 A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition.CF: severe, stern & strictsevere 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（severe father严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severe look严厉的神色），人的态度（The teacher is severe with his students.教师对学生很严厉。）。stern 与severe相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度。例如a stern father和a severe father都可以用，但含义稍有不同：a severe father指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多；a stern father则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。strict 相当于汉语的“严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、真理等）。例如：e.g.-The teacher is strict with his students. -There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium.8. face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty) P3 L21e.g.- Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Years Eve. - 既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。 Now that your daughter was born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father99. sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc. P.4 L24e.g.- 连续的歉收（bad harvest）迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助（foreign aid）。 A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid. - The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence.CF: sequence & seriessequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。e.g.- I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. 我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。 - Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first. 你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上series是指“系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或 一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。e.g.- Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue. 李教授将就中东问题作一系列的讲座。 - The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating Olympic Games. 邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。Collocation：in sequence 顺次，挨次in rapid sequence 紧接着，一个接着一个in regular sequence 按次序，有条不紊the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序10. argument: n. P.4 L 31 1) a disagreement; a quarrele.g.- Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband.2) a reason given to support or disprove somethinge.g.- There are many arguments against smoking. -那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。 The famous professor can always drive home an argument.Collocation：get into an argument 加入/卷入争论break off an argument 中断一场争论terminate an argument 结束一场争论settle an argument 解决一场争论a bitter/violent/heated argument 激烈的争论put forward/offer an argument 提出论点confute an argument 驳倒一个论点11. put down: write down P.5 L34e.g.- 管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。 The housekeeper put down the daily expenses in a little notebook. - Put down what you hear, please.12. compose: vt. write or create ( music, poetry, etc.) P6 L41e.g.- The presidents speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else? - John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son.CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。compose 常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的结构，表示“由构成”；在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。e.g.- Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。 - England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。consist of 意为“由构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。e.g.- New York City consists of five boroughs. 纽约市由五个行政区组成。comprise 可表示“由构成”；也可表示“构成”。e.g. - The committee comprises men of widely different views. 这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成 - Fifty states comprise the United States. 美国由50个州组成。constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。e.g.- Seven days constitutes a week. 七天构成一个星期。13. turn in: P6 L421.hand in; give over2.deliver ( a person or thing ) to the police3.give back; returnMatch the above definitions with the sentences below.1) The criminal turned herself in. 22) For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper. 13) You must turn in your uniform when you leave the army. 34) Have you all turned in your homework from last night? 114. command: P6 L44 1） n. Ordere.g-The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated. -The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President. 2）v. give an order (to)e.g.- The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately. 船长命令船员立刻离船。 - If you command wisely, youll be obeyed cheerfully. 谚语指挥有方， 人人乐从。 - He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. 谚语不能指挥自己就不能指挥别人NB: 像suggest, demand等动词一样, 跟在command后面的that从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用“should原形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。 e.g.- He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.Collocation：get command of 控制have a good command of 能自由应用have at ones command 能充分掌握take command of 开始担任指挥under (the) command of 由指挥； 在指挥之下CF: command & ordercommand暗含“必须服从”的意思，比较正式。e.g.- The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy.军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。order 指一般的上级“命令”下级，较普通、常用。e.g.- He was ordered to write a full report on the matter. 他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。15. whats more: in addition; more importantly此外；而且；更重要的是 P8 L49e.g.- Ms. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. Whats more, she has already published three books on gardening. - How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and whats more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months! 你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了！16. hold back: P8 L53 1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.) 抑制（感情、情绪等）e.g.- Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears. 2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forward 阻止e.g.- The men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water. 3) prevent the development of 阻碍（发展）e.g. - You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back. 4) keep (sth.) secret保密、隐瞒e.g.- Tell me about it - dont hold anything back 把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节17. avoid: vt. keep or get away from (usu. followed by noun /gerund) P9 L54e.g.- The little boy who had broken a neighbors window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished. - I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。NB: 英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如：avoid，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，mind，miss，postpone，suggest， feel like，give up，put off等，我们在使用中要特别注意。CF: avoid & escape 两词均有“避”的意思。avoid指“（有意识地）躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是“逃避”实际的威胁。e.g.- He deliberately avoided seeing me.他故意回避我 - The danger can be avoided if we lay our plans carefully.如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。18. (at)the eleventh hour: the last moment before sth.important happens 在最后关键时刻，刚好，及时P9 L5