2016年 高中英语名词讲解ppt课件.ppt

名词 考点分析 名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配 名词的数 可数与不可数 单数与复数 名词的所有格 抽象名词的具体化 物质名词的量化 名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等 一 分类 A 专有名词 B 普通名词 Countablenouns 可数名词 Uncountablenouns 不可数名词 IndividualNouns 个体名词 CollectiveNouns 集体名词 AbstractNouns 抽象名词 MaterialNouns 物质名词 知识要点 二 数 Number A Singularnumber 单数 B Pluralnumber 复数 1 一般的词 直接在词尾加 sbook booksmouth mouthshouse housesgirl girls 2 以 s x ch sh结尾的词在词尾加 esglass glassesbox boxesmatch mathcesbrush brushes 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加 escountry countriesparty parties 1 规则名词单复数变化 4 以f或fe结尾的词 应变f或fe为v再加 es 妻子拿刀去宰狼 小偷遇见发了慌 躲在架后保己命 半片树叶遮月光 wife wivesknife kniveswolf wolvesthief thievesshelf shelvesself selveslife liveshalf halvesleaf leaves其他情况 roof roofsbelief belifshandkerchief handkerchiefs handkerchievesscarf scarfs scarves 5 以 o结尾的在词尾加 s radios zoos pianos kilos photos加 es只有Negroes heroes tomatoes potatoes 6 man woman n 变复数时 两个词都要变复数mendoctors womendoctorsmenengineers womenengineers 2 不规则名词单复数变化 1 单复数同形 sheep deer fish means species species aircraft Swissspacecraft Chinese Japanese 2 改变字母 foot feet tooth teeth goose geese mouse mice phenomenon phenomena另 penny pence或pennies 3 增加字母 child children ox oxen 4 合成名词 若有中心词 则把中心词变成复数 若无中心词 则把最后一个词变成复数passer by passers bygrown up grown ups 3 名词单复数的特殊情况 集体名词只用作复数 police cattle people poultry theyouth 2 集体名词用作不可数名词 clothing jewellery furniture luggage baggage wealth 3 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数 family class population staff crew couple public group team audience 4 只有复数形式的名词 clothes trousers jeans twins glasses compasses scissors goods thanks wishes wages tears troops resources 5 以s结尾但不表示复数 mathematics physics politics statistics news woods 森林 works 工厂 6 有没有s结尾意义不同 glass glasses cloth clothes work works sand sands water waters wood woods good goods time times 时代 paper papers 论文 green greens 青菜 custom customs 海关 spirit spirits 酒精 情绪 light lights 灯 experience experiences 经历 不可数n 与可数n 的转化 表示种类 fruit fish等Thepotatoisavegetable notafruit Therearevariousfishesinthepool 表示具体的事物 success failure pleasure honour knowledge surprise等表示 一场 一段 一件 Aheavysnowisfalling It satimelyrain 表示 一杯 罐 瓶 的tea coffee beer sugar hair等twoteas threebeers表示不同意思时 paper纸 u 论文 试卷 c room空间 余地 u 房间 c 绝对不可数n fun housework homework advice information news progress equipment furniture baggage luggage jewellery machinery等 1 Tablesaremadeof A woodB woodsC woodenD somewoods 2 Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor abouthishearttrouble A anadviceB adviceC advicesD theadvices 3 Hegainedhis byprinting offamouswriters A wealth workB wealths worksC wealths workD wealth works A B D 1 Ineed cloth forI mhopingtomake clothes A alotof manyB much muchC many manyD many alot2 Wewaited forthebus A longtimeB alongtimeC thelongtimeD somelongtime3 workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople slivingstandard A manyB AgreatmanyC AlargenumberofD Agreatdealof A B D 4 Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook picturesofthem A manyofB massesofC thenumberofD alargeamountof5 Wehaveonlyasofa atableandabedinournewapartment Weneedtobuy morefurniture A anyB manyC littleD some B D 6 Ihear boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime thoughotherspreferbasketball A quitealotB quiteafewC quiteabitD quitealittle7 Wealwayskeep sparepaper incaseweranout A toomuchB anumberofC plentyofD agoodmany B c 修饰可数名词的词 many manya n agreat goodmany afew few a great large numberof修饰不可数名词的词 much alittle little agreatdealof alarge greatamountof既可以修饰可数名词 又可以修饰不可数名词的词 alotof lotsofalargequantityof largequantitiesofplentyofmassesof 三 名词的格 Case A 通格 Commoncase 主格 Subjectcase 宾格 Objectcase B 所有格 Possessivecase 1 s属格 原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词 如 theteacher sbook thehorse stail然而 时间 距离 太阳 地球 月亮 江河 海洋 船只 国家 城市 团体机构等名词也可以用 s属格 如 today snewspaper thecity stransportation 一般的名词 包括不以s结尾的复数名词 在词后加 s 如 thechildren sbook 以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加 如 theteachers office 以s结尾的专有名词的所有格 既可加 s也可加 如 Engels s letter 两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用所有格形式 如 TomandMike sroom若表示分别拥有时 则要在每个名词后用所有格形式 如 Tom sandMike srooms 2 of 属格 多用于无生命现象的名词 也可用于有生命现象的名词 当一个名词有较长的定语时 就只能用of 短语来表示所有关系 如 thecoverofthebook atoyofLiPing syoungerbrother3 双重属格 既有 s的属格 又有of 的属格 通常 s属格表示所有关系 of属格表示部分与整体的关系 如 afriendofmyfather s abookofTom s4 表示 某人自己的 的属格 用ofone sown表示 不可用of 反身代词 例如 Thisisthehouseofmyown 1 Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed It s walk A afourhourB afourhour sC afour hoursD afourhours 2 Hedroppedthe andbrokeit A cupofcoffeeB coffee scupC cupforcoffeeD coffeecup4 Ittookusquitealongtimetogethere Itwas journey A three hourB athreehourC athree hourD threehours D D C 1 MissSmithisafriendof A Mary smother sB Mary smotherC Mother sofMaryD Marymother s2 Where syourbrother At A Mr Green sB Mr GreenC theMr Green sD theMr Green3 Iwonderwhosebicycleitis Itmightbemy A neighbour sB dearneighbourC neighbourD neighbours A A A 四 名词的性 Gender Masculine 阳性 actor waiter master prince hero2 Feminine 阴性 actress waitress mastress princess heroine3 Neuter 中性 teacher worker monkey sheep tree crop 构词法 后缀n adj alorigin originalnature natural erneast easternnorth northern fuldoubt doubtfuluse useful engold goldenwood woodenwool woolen ablefashion fashionablecomfort comfortable ytaste tastywealth wealthyhealth healthywind windy lyfriend friendlylove lovelyday daily ishfool foolishself selfishSpain Spanish lessharm harmlesscare carelesshelp helplessuse useless 后缀adj n nesshappy happinessweak weakness thtrue truthwarm warmth ydifficult difficultyhonest honesty tycruel crueltysafe safety itydisabled disabilityresponsible responsibility 前缀 后缀adj v en rich enrichlarge enlarge enbroad broadensoft soften izemodern modernizeapology apologize ifysimple simplifypury purify 后缀v adj ouscontinue continousvary various edexcite excitedsurprise surprised ingexcite excitingsurprise surprising 后缀adj adv lypolite politelywide widelynice nicelysafe safelyunfortunate unfortunatelycareful carefullyshy shyly y结尾的adj 改y i lyhappy happilyeasy easilyheavy heavilylucky luckilybusy busily以 le结尾的adj 去掉e ygentle gentlypossible possiblycomfortable comfortablyterrible terribly以 ue结尾的adj 去掉e lytrue truly 后缀v n tion sionoperate operationdecide dec