2010年6月大学英语四级考试翻译提高训练.doc

2010年6月大学英语四级考试翻译提高训练(2)翻译核心语法 1.各种从句的用法从句的用法在前文已有详细讲解，这里就不再赘述。下面通过总结归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。(1)主语从句真题：_(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)答案：What many people dont realize(2)宾语从句真题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12)答案：is measured by how much they can loan(3)表语从句真题：In my sixties, one change I notice is that_(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)答案：I am more likely to get tired than before(4)定语从句真题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)答案：(that/which)they havent found solution to或to which they havent found solution真题：_(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案：Compared with the place where I grew up真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate(5)状语从句真题：Leaving ones job, _(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句)真题：I am going to pursue this course, _(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句)真题：Some psychologists claim that people _(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句)【真题】_(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。 历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：(1)(should)+动词原形的情形;(2)if或but for等引导的条件句;(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that的用法。【真题】You would not have failed if_(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders【解析】本题较为容易，按照汉语意思直译。考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二是固定搭配“按照的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you，造成不必要的失分。【真题】The victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)【解析】本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，if引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主句谓语一般使用would have done。【答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival注：虚拟语气用法参见完形填空填空部分对虚拟语气的讲解。3.倒装结构倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no soonerthan，not onlybut also用于句首时所导致的倒装。Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。Were I you, Ill never promise to do that.如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如：A.so 倒装句So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, thenThen did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。(4)在“so+形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得说不出话来。【真题】Not only_(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当译为“charge”。收费“过高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示“收费过高”。其次，not onlybut结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much。【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much2010年6月大学英语四级考试翻译提高训练(2)_第3页B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, thenThen did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。(4)在“so+形容词that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得说不出话来。【真题】Not only_(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当译为“charge”。收费“过高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示“收费过高”。其次，not onlybut结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much。【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much第三部分 翻译真题评析与提高1. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had_(很难跟上班上同学)in maths and English. (2009.6)解题步骤(一)理解：分析此句，所翻译的部分主要考查对习惯用法的掌握，而并不涉及句子时态问题。(二)表达：划分成分，句子中逗号之前部分是时间状语从句，而主句又引导宾语从句，宾语从句中核心谓语动词是had，“很难跟上班上同学”作宾语，“in maths and English”作补语。(1) 切块对应翻译：“很难做某事”= have difficulty (in) doing sth.，“跟上”=keep up with，“班上同学”= his classmates。(2) 重新组合：difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates.(三)校审：检查“很难做某事”、“跟上”用have difficulty (in) doing sth. 和keep up with来表达是否准确;核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案 difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates.考点剖析习惯用法：have difficulty (in) doing sth. “很难做某事”;keep up with“跟上”2. The study shows that the poor functioning of human body is_(与缺乏锻炼密切相关). (2009.6)解题步骤(一)理解：分析此句, 本句时态已经确定，所翻译部分在be动词is之后，所以充当表语成份。本题主要是对习惯用法的考查。(二)表达：划分成分本句的核心谓语动词是show，其后引导一个宾语从句，“the poor functioning of human body”作宾语从句的主语，“与缺乏锻炼密切相关”作表语。(1) 切块对应翻译：“与密切相关”= be closely linked/related to，“缺乏锻炼”= the lack of exercise。(2) 重新组合：closely linked/ related to the lack of exercise(三)校审：检查“与密切相关”、“缺乏锻炼”用be closely linked/related to，the lack of exercise来表达是否准确;核对所翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案closely linked to the lack of exercise/ closely related to the lack of exercise.考点剖析习惯用法： be closely linked/related to“与密切相关”;the lack of exercise “缺乏锻炼”3. Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷). (2008.12)解题步骤(一)理解：分析此句,划线处应该填写一个让步状语从句，根据所表达的意思，这是对未来天气情况的一种假设，可以使用虚拟语气。(二)表达：划分成分，Youd better take a sweater with you是本句的主句部分， 从句“以防天气变冷”中核心谓语动词是“变冷”，“天气”作主语。(1) 切块对应翻译：“以防”= in case，其后引导的虚拟语气可以用“should+动词原形”表示，其中should可省略。 “天气”=it，“变冷”= turn cold。(2) 重新组合：in case it (should) turn cold(三)校审：检查“天气变冷”用it (should) turn cold来表达是否准确;核对翻译的句子时态与主句时态是否一致;翻译的句子是否符合英语习惯等。正确答案in case it (should) turn cold考点剖析in case引导的虚拟语气。2010年6月大学英语四级考试翻译提高训练(6)第三部分 翻译特训练习与答案训练二1. This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).2. Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就结束了).3. The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命).4. (无论理由是什么)，we cannot tolerate this disloyalty.5. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly because people are living longer than before_ (发达国家尤为如此).6. _(让世界发展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology.7. A student must treasure his time and _(吸收尽可能多的知识)to lay a solid foundation for his future career.8. For students eager to be useful to society, _(没有任何地方的教育比大学里的更好了) -studying there is like bathing yourself in the oceans of knowledge.9. As for Williams, (他宁愿死也不愿意做这件事).10. Only under special circumstances, (学生才被准许提前毕业).11. It has been proved that (我们的肤色取决于遗传).12. A lot of people nowadays have muscular problems in the neck, the shoulders and the back _ (主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的).13. More than 3 million children have health insurance now, and _ (超过 250 万的家庭已经摆脱贫困).14. _ (除主席之外的所有成员都投票赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the suburbs.15. The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are _ (为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇).答案与解析1.【答案】reacts three times as fast as the other one本题考查倍数的表达方式。倍数表达法有三种：A倍数+原级 B 倍数+比较级C倍数+名词短语。例如：和的三倍一样长可以译为：A.three times as long as B.twice longer than C.three times the length of2.【答案】or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church将来完成时。3.【答案】killing thousands upon thousands of people分词作结果状语。4.【答案】Whatever be the reasons for itwhatever“无论是什么”引导的状语从句。5.【答案】especially in developed countries“发达国家”和“发展中国家”的表达方式分别为developed country, developing country。6.【答案】What makes the world develop so fast根据句子各部分语法功能判断，我们在这里需要的是一个主语，因此必须将需填入部分译成what引导的主语从句，全句意思为：什么让世界发展如此之快是现代科技。7.【答案】absorb as much knowledge as he can本句意为：学生应该珍惜宝贵时间并吸收尽可能多的知识以便为将来事业打下坚实的基础。“吸收”可选用absorb，drink in，take in.“尽可能多的”译为as many as或as much as，具体要看句中名词是可数还是不可数。lay a foundation for表示“为打下基础”。8.【答案】nowhere is education better than in college“没有任何地方”译成“nowhere”，但nowhere是一个表示否定的词，后面要采取部分倒装的形式，所以把is置于主语education之前。9.【答案】he would sooner die than do such a thing主语+would sooner+动词原形+than+动词原形表示“两者比较宁愿做，也不愿意做另一件”，强调意愿。该句型还有另外一种形式：Sooner than +动词原形，(主句)主语+would+动词原形。主要是用于强调所比的对象，主句虽然放在后面，但不用倒装。10.【答案】are students permitted to graduate in advance句首是Only +介词短语，后面应用倒装句式，属于部分倒装，系动词+主语+其他;are permitted to表示“被允许做”;in advance表示“提前”。11.【答案】the color of our skin is due to hereditythe color of our skin表示“肤色”;due to表示“取决于”;heredity表示“遗传”，特指生物遗传;heritage 使用最广泛，不仅指一般的遗产，也指世代相传的具有特色的精神财富或物质财富;inheritance 指继承这一行为，不指继承的东西，为抽象名词。12.【答案】mainly due to stress and tension in their workstress做名词时，意思偏于精神方面的压力;请注意以下词的区别：pressure偏于物理方面的压力;tension指紧张，nervousness指神经过敏;“由于”的表达有owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of等。13.【答案】more than two and a half million families have been lifted out of poverty这题主要是对较大数字以及“摆脱”的翻译考查。250万译为2.5million或two and a half million都可以;另外“摆脱”也有多种表达：get rid of，lift out等，或简单地用out表达。14.【答案】All the members except the Chairman voted for my proposal本题要注意vote to 和vote for的区别，vote to是指支持某人，投票给某人，而vote for不单指投票，并是赞成某人。for有赞成的意味，另反对可以相应表达为against。15.【答案】providing new growth opportunities for Chinas foreign and domestic trade主要是“国内外贸易”-Chinas foreign and domestic trade这个表达的掌握。2010年6月大学英语四级考试翻译提高训练(7)妖妖 2010年04月01日11:50 来源：未知 点击 188次第三部分 翻译特训练习与答案训练三1. If you want to _(取得成就或实现雄心壮志)，you must work hard，make efforts and get prepared.2. The successful person _(总是作好充分准备)to meet opportunities as they duly arrive.3. (唯一需要做的是) a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.4. No other reproduction in any form is permitted (未经出版社书面同意).5. The environmental effect of this new factory (完全可以从周围的田地和河流看出来).6. This is yet _ (两国人民的又一个共同点).7. His scientific works _(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).8. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces，_(改革也是解放生产力).9. He is optimistic _(对现时信息产业的发展状况).10. Work in all fields should be subordinated to and _(服务于经济发展的进程).11. Henry has prepared a party for his girlfriend，_(结果却被告之她到时候不能来了).12. The identical twins resemble each other_(长相相似但性格不同).13. I would rather join you in research work_(而不愿到海滨去度假).14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language，they can communicate with adults _(通过面部表情和靠发出噪声).15. Although I liked the appearance of the house，_(真正让我决定买下它的)was the beautiful view through the window.答案与解析1.【答案】achieve something or fulfill your ambitions本题考查短语搭配。“取得成就”可以有这样的表达：make achievements或achieve something，前者“成就”作名词，后者作动词。“实现雄心壮志”中“实现”可选用realize，fulfill，此外makecome true，carryout也有实现梦想/理想之意。2.【答案】always makes adequate preparations“作准备”的表达有：preparefor; make preparations for“充分的”可选形容词有：enough，sufficient，adequate，而well-prepared多在句中充当表语成分，如：His counsel was well-prepared.他的律师做了充分准备。3.【答案】All that is needed is此句不要受汉语思维的影响用only来翻译，“唯一要做的”，其实是“你所需要做的一切”。4.【答案】without written permission from the publishing house介词短语：without written permission表示“未经允许”;written permission表示“(书面)允许”;the publishing house表示“出版社”。5.【答案】is most clearly observable in the surrounding field and riveris most clearly observable表示“完全可以看出来”，句型The effect ofisobservable.表示“的效果是可以看出的”;surrounding field and river表示“周围的田野和河流”。6.【答案】another common point between the people of our two countries本题通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词，但是“共同点”是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补 between之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一。7.【答案】were widely read in English-speaking countries这句话易被错译为were widely read in English countries。原文中“英语国家”的含义是“讲英语的国家”。又如：我卖掉了彩电。I sold out my color TV.这句译文错误在于，没弄清“彩电”的含义。其有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视color TV。这都体现