M6U4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld(T).doc

M6U4 Helping people around the world（T）Part 1 Preview sheet 预习的目标和要求：1. 理解背诵课文重点句型和词组 2. 理解背诵部分段落一、单词1.缺乏 Vt. lack n. lack adj. lacking2.谈及；涉及；查阅 v. refer n. reference3.描写；说明 v. describe n. description4.政治 adj. political n. politics n.(政治家) politician5.增加；添加 n. addition adj. additional6.志愿的；自愿的 adj. voluntary n. volunteer v. volunteer7.捐献；贡献；促成 v. contribute n. contribution8.饥饿；饿死 n. starvation v. starve9.个人财产；拥有 n. possession v. possess10.多山的 adj. mountainous n. mountain11.贫穷；贫困 n. poverty adj. poor12.承诺；投入；不得不做的事 n. commitment v. commit13.助理；助手 n. assistant n.(帮助)assistance v. assist14.多泥的 adj. muddy n. mud15.细菌 n. bacteria (单数 ) bacterium16.人群 n. crowd v. crowd adj. crowded17.容器；集装箱 n. container v. contain18.紧急的 adj. urgent adv. urgently n. urgency19.扩展；扩大 v. expand n. expansion20.平等的；同等的 adj. equal n.(同等的人；相等物) equal v. equal二、 重点短语11. 缺少食物 a shortage of food/a lack of food2. 高兴做某事 be pleased to do sth.3. 有机会做某事 have a chance to do sth4. 谈及某人或某事 refer to sb. / sth.5. 由某物组成 be made up of6. 属于 belong to 7. 以为基础 be based on/upon8. 做某事感到很荣幸 feel honored to do 9. 担当这个角色 take on the role10. 和某人发展友好关系 develop friendly relations with sb.11. 合作做某事 co-operate in doing sth./work together in doing12. 帮助某人做某事assist sb. in/with sthassist sb. in doing sth13. 除之外 in addition, apart from 14. 吸引某人的注意 draw ones attention to15. 把加到 / 加起来/ 加起来为 add sth. to sth. / add up / add up to16. 在的保护/管理之下 under the umbrella of17. 可被利用或得到 be available to18. 在字典里/网上查找 look sth. up in a dictionary / on a website19. 实现8个发展目标 meet eight development goal三、 重点句子1. Im pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to. 我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈谈联合国,也叫UN-这个名称在英语里更常被提到。2. I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role. 能够担当这个角色，我感到很荣幸。3. With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations, the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. 在这些部队和其他一些可敬组织的帮助下，联合国帮助战争及灾难的受害者。4. Recently, I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa, where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group.最近我非常幸运，去了一趟南非，在那里我会见了一些结组自救的妇女。5. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education, starvation, disasters, AIDS and other diseases.除了由于战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助一些国家解决其它问题，如教育缺失、饥饿、灾难，艾滋病和其他和疾病等。6One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone. 其中一个目标就是要确保每个人都能喝到淡水。Part 2 Activity sheetTeaching aims:1 Encourage Ss to raise reading ability of focusing on language points.2 Get Ss to grasp the new language use in the text by learning it.Activity 1: Check what has been learned in the preview sheet.Activity 2: 重难点讲解1.阅读下面三个句子,体会as 在句子的用法。(1) Im pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.(2) As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.(3) My job with the UN is not paid, but voluntary and as I said before, I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.在以上三个句子中，都含有as引导的非限制性定语从句。as作关系代词，引导定语从句：1 引导非限制性定语从句，指全句谈到的事，；类似插入语，在从句中as作主语或宾语，意为“正如，像一样”，as 从句即可放在主句前，亦可放在主句后。如：我们知道吸烟是有害健康的。 Smoking, as we know, is harmful to our health.He is very careful, as his work shows. 他很认真，正如他工作中所体现出来的那样。as 常常构成的固定搭配：as is known to all 众所周知； as is said above 如上所述；as is reported 正如所报道的那样；as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的；as is often the case这是常有的事 引导限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。常用于以下搭配： such+名词+as定语从句 “像 一样的，像之类的” the same +名词+as定语从句 “和同样的” well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science .我们将制造出各科学部门所需要的那些计算机。 He is not the same person as he used to be .他已不是从前的他了。refer to (1) 谈及，提及；与相关，涉及这些书涉及亚洲问题。 These books refer to Asian problems .老战士谈到了长征时的一些经历。The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March .（2）查阅，参考如果你想知道他的电话号码，你可以查电话簿。 If you want to know his telephone number , you may refer to the telephone directory .refer to 把提交给；向请教refer to as 把称作 1. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What2. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As3. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as / which C. it D. what4. Dont do such things _ you are not sure about.A. that B. which C. as D. than 5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. as B. that C. which D. whose6. He is such a clever boy_ every teacher likes him.A. that B.as C. which D. what 7. There is no such place_ you dream of in all this world.A. that B. what C. which D. as2. (1) In addition, the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws.(2) They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.addto. 把加到上 add to 增加了，增添了add up 合计 add up to 加起来总共是，合计为in addition 另外，此外 （= besides） in addition to 除以外还有 （= besides） In addition , the out-of class activities help build up childrens character. 而且，这些课外活动有助于培养孩子的性格。The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added_, the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours. A. In addition B. In addition to C. Except D. Whats worse3. First I should give you a short description of the UN .(1) give a description of 形容，描述 beyond description 无法形容，难以描述(2) describe vt. 描述 describe as 把描述成；把说成他把他看到的日本大地震后的一切向我作了充分的描述。He gave me a good description of what he had seen in Japan after the big earthquake .西湖风景美得难以形容。The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description .我不会说他是个好人。I wouldnt describe her as a nice person .4. They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government .(1) vt. / vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；投稿她很大方，向红十字会捐助了这么大一笔钱。It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum to the Red cross .我定期给那家杂志社投稿。I regularly contribute to the magazine .（2）有助于；促成，是的原因之一诚实加苦干有助于取得成功和幸福。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness .Contribution n (c) make a contribution / contributions to 贡献；捐献Contributor n. 捐助人；投稿人Part 3 After-class Consolidation SheetActivity 1: refer to apart from draw ones attention to lack of under the umbrella of take on in addition to set up1. The article is aimed at _ peoples _ light pollution, because of which, we can hardly see any stars in the sky at night.2. Its a challenge for us to recite the text in front of the class without _ our books.3. _ paying regular visits to the orphans, he also sent them delicious food and clothes now and then.4. Mary was disappointed to know that the project she had been devoted so much to had to be abandoned for _ money.5. As a saying goes, dont _ more than you can cope with.6. In our country, primary education comes _ of our government.7. _ the students standing here, there are still another six waiting outside.8. It is said that many organizations have _ to deal with the poverty problems in some countries.1.drawing, attention to 2. referring to 3. Apart from 4. lack of 5. take on 6. under the umbrella of 7. In addition to 8. been set upActivity 2: 1. Farmers have to more workers during the harvest and even so, some of them usually _ after the harvest. A. take on; break down B. take on; break up C. take off; break down D. take off; break up2. We to have you here tonight. Thank you and it is for me to be invited. A. honor; honorable B. honor; an honor C. are honored; honorable D. are honored; an honor3. the help from his relatives, he does a part-time job to support his study at college. A. Regardless of B. Instead of C. But for D. Apart from4. Mr. Hughess agency is one of 980 community agencies of the National Community Action Foundation (NCAF) in Washington, D.C. A. under the help B. under the charge C. under the umbrella D. under the aid5. _ in experience, she didnt manage to pass the interview. A. Lack B. Lack of C. For lack of D. Lacking6. His failure in the plan made him aware _ he had made a great mistake in working out the plan. A. of that B. of C. that D. that of7. He is such a selfish man _ nobody wants to work with. A. as; him B. that; C. as; D. whom; him 8. She _ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked up 9. These children who dont have the skills to deal with difficult situations may be at disadvantage _ with real danger. A. when facingB. when being facedC. when to faceD. when faced10. Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which _ their beauty. A. was added up B. added up C. was added to D. added to11. A Goodwill Ambassadors visits to countries _ the UN has programmes to help people will encourage people working on the projects and _ local peoples attention to the situation.A. in which; to draw B. in which; drawing C. where; draw D. where; drew12. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch.A. referred to look B. refers to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to look 13. _, I think, and the problem could be settled. A. Making great efforts B. So long as you keep up your spiritsC. If you double your effortsD. A bit more effort14. Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _ courage matters more than strength.A. whose B. where C. of which D. that15. The writer has written quite a few books now, _ his teachers and parents didnt expect. A. that B. as C. of which D. which1-5 ADDCD 6-10 ACADD 11-15 CCDBDM6U4 Helping people around the world虚拟语气的特殊用法一、混合式虚拟语气条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇（如now, yesterday等）来确定是与哪种事实相反，然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天对他讲的话，你现在就知道怎么做了。If the boy hadnt been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now.如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。二、含蓄条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：1.介词或介词短语，如but for(要不是), without, in case of, under more favourable conditions（在更有利的条件下）等取代了if引导的条件状语从句。Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。He would have failed but for.his teachers timely advice =if it had not been for his teachers timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话，他可能失败了。We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。We could have done better under more favourable conditions. 在更有利的条件下，我们还可以做得更好些。2. 用but that+从句（要不是，若非），otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替if引导的条件状语从句。But that he saw it with his own eyes, he couldnt have believed it.要不是亲眼所见，她不可能相信这事的。（从句用陈述语气，主句用虚拟语气）He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend.他昨天上午就会来看你了，可他有个重要的会议要参加。（主句用虚拟语气，分句用陈述语气）I was ill that day. Otherwise/ or I would have taken part in your birthday party.（本句省略的条件句为If I hadnt been ill that day.）（如果那天我没生病的话）我那天生病了，否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。即学即用1. If you _(follow) my advice yesterday, you _(be) better now.2. If his TV set _(steal) yesterday, he _ (watch) TV now.3. Without sunlight, peoples life _(be) different from today.4. But for your help, I _(not finish) the work last week. =_ your help, I _ (not finish) the work last week. =If it_ your help, I _ (not finish) the work last week. =_ it _ _ _ your help, I _(not finish) the work last week. =If you _(not help) me, I _(not finish) the work last week.5. He was busy, otherwise he _(come). =He _ (come), but he was busy. =He _ (come) if he _(be) busy.Keys: 1.had followed; would be 2.had not been stolen; would be watching 3.would be 4.wouldnt have finished; Without; wouldnt have finished;had not been for,wouldnt have finished; Had; not been for; wouldnt have finished; hadnt helped; wouldnt have finished 5.would have; would have come; would have come; hadnt been三、（should)+动词原形”式虚拟语气1. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that sb (should) +do使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用should+动词原形虚拟语气。其表达形式为should 动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形常用的形容词有： natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的), strange（奇怪的）desirable（令人向往的、满意的），essential（必要的），necessary (必要的）possible（可能的），preferable (更可取的),，important (重要的), urgent (急迫的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) imperative(必要的，重要的，必须的)。It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。It is natural that a bird (should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。It is necessary that everyone (should) be there in time. 每个人都必须及时到那儿。It is important that we (should) pay more attention to our handwriting. 我们要多注意我们的书写是很重要的注意：在上述所列形容词做宾语补足语时，后面用that引出的真正的宾语从句中谓语动词也要用（should） 动词原形虚拟语气。I dont think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。 2. 表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词如：一个坚持： insist 两个命令: order, command 三个建议: advise, suggest, propose 四个要求: demand , require, request, ask, 外加 desire, urge, recommend. argue, arrange ,prefer等动词后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语用(should)+动词原形这些动词的过去分词所在的主语从句的谓语也用(should)+动词原形上述动词的名词形式后所接的表语从句，同位语从句的谓语也使用此类虚拟语气。名词有：advice, suggestion, order, demand, requirement, recommendation, desire, proposal ( 建议)，等。以suggest为例:My parents suggests I (should) get up earlier.我的父母亲建议我早点起床。（宾语从句）It is suggested that she（should）sing a song. 有人建议她唱首歌。（主语从句）My suggestion is that he (should) leave for London at once .我的建议是他立即动身去伦敦。（表语从句）What do you think of his suggestion that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening?他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样？（同位语从句）注意： suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后宾语从句用陈述语气。即学即用1.Her pale face suggested that she _(be) ill and we suggested that she _(send) to hospital at once. 2.He insisted that he _(do) nothing wrong and that he _(set) free at once. Keys: was, should be sent; did, should be set即学即用1. The bus driver insisted that he _(drive) at normal speed.2.He insisted that more doctors _(send) to the earthquake-stricken area.3. Do you know the order that you _ (keep) watch？4. It is required that nobody _ (smoke)here. 5. Its important that we _ (take) good care of the patient. 6. Its suggested that the plan _ (carry) out. 7. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory _(close) down.Keys: 1. was driving 2. (should) be sent 3. (should) keep 4. (should) smoke 5. (should) take 6. (should) be carried 7. (should) be closed3lest（惟恐，生怕）, for fear that（惟恐，生怕）和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：We dare not play jokes on him lest he should become angry.我们不敢开他玩笑生怕他动气。 The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。4.在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，我们经常用“should动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。四、“动词的过去式”的虚拟语气 如：wish，if only, as if /though, even if/though，would rather后接从句中的虚拟语气后接宾语从句中谓语动词的形式表示的时间Did/were表示现在未能实现的愿望、意愿（与现在相反）Had done/been表示过去未能实现的愿望、意愿（与过去相反）Could/would do表示未来不大可能实现的愿望、意愿（与将来相反）1. wish-clauses1）I wish I were as young as you.2）I wish that I had not met him yesterday.3）Isnt it your wish that you could buy a car like that? 如果wish的形式是过去时，则从句的谓语动词的虚拟形式不变He wished he knew the answer.他希望他懂答案。（其实当时他不懂）注意：I wish和I hope都表示“希望”。但I hope并不表示假设意义，随后的动词形式除表示婉转口气外很少用过去形式。 I hope youre coming to our party. We hope you will be very happy.即学即用1. I wish I _(be) as tall as you.2. He wished that he _ (not do) it yesterday.3. I wish I _ (fly) to Hainan for a trip one day.Keys: 1.were 2.hadnt come 3.could/ would fly2. If only 要是就好了If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。If only I had taken mothers advice我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。 I dread the coming exams. If only I could have time to review my lessons. 我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该